1

2
OUR
OURGROUP
GROUPMEMBERS-
MEMBERS-
NAME ID


MD: SHAHINUR ALAM - 175006

MD: RIAD HOSAIN - 175010

DISHAN RAY - 175012

MD: TAHIDUL ISLAM - 175014

MD: SULTAN AHMED - 175017

MD: RAHAD - 175019
3

Submitted
SubmittedTo
To
Md. Shamsuzzaman Sheikh
Md. Shamsuzzaman Sheikh
Assistant
AssistantProfessor
Professor
Department
Departmentofof TE
TE(DUET)
(DUET)
4
OUR
OURPRESENTATION
PRESENTATIONTOPIC-
TOPIC-

Shuttleless Weaving/Special
Picking
5 Shuttleless Weaving/Special Picking
What is Loom?
Loom is a mechanical device which is used to produce woven fabric by
the insertion of warp and weft yarn. In weaving technology; loom is the
principle mechanical device for weaving. Various types of loom are used
for designed fabric are produced by changing the machine setting.

Shuttle less loom is the modern loom. It is used to produce high

fashionable fabrics with high production rate. In the modern times, the
uses of shuttle less loom are increased rapidly. Shuttle less loom has
specific characteristics and applications method.
6 Classifications of Shuttleless Weaving Loom

SHUTTLELESS

Jet
Projectile Rapier
Regid Rapier Water Jet
Single projectile
Bilateral picking (Single/Double)

Multipleprojectile Flexible Rapier Air Jet

(Double)
Unilateral picking

Telecopic
7

ADVANTAGES OF SHUTTLELESS LOOM:

•Weaving production is high due to high speed of machine

•It reduces the labor cost due to higher allocation of loom and productivity.
•It facilitate defect free cloth during weaving
•Shuttleless loom creates less noise
•Pirn winding process is eliminated in shuttles loom .
•It is easy to market trades
•Its flanges are bigger and can accommodate 3 times and lesser wastage.
•Easy maintenance and less work load for worker
•Used for high scale production
•Efficiency is higher than shuttle loom
 
8 Introduction of Projectile loom:
It is sometimes called missile loom as the packing action is done by a
series of small bullet like projectiles which hold the weft yarn and carry
it through the shed and then return empty.
Projectile Loom has a high speed production than the rapier loom .
Projectile Looms are two types-
•Single projectile
•Multiple Projectile

Fig: projectile weaving machine

9
Features of Projectile Loom:

 Accommodator used reduce tension

 Power consumption is less (3 kw-hrs)
 No of Projectile 11 to 17
 Width Minimum 190 cm
 Width maximum 540 cm
 multiple fabric produce
 Double beam single fabric can be produced in
Projectile.
 
10 Advantages of Projectile Loom :
 Two or three cloth can be woven simultaneously .
 It is possible to achieve weaving performance with breakage rate per
square meter of cloth 50% of the number of breaks that would occur
on a conventional loom.

 Since the projectile is passing through guides there is no reed to

projectile or projectile to yarn contact.
 Fashionable fabric may produce
 Drawing in pinning of drop wires and knotting are accepted prectice
 The waste and warp stop motions actuate first and reliable
 Simple to operate and maintain
 Two or three cloth can be woven simultaneously
11 Main parts:
A=Torsion bar ,

B=Picking shaft ,

C=Picking lever ,

D=Picking shoe

E=Picking shaft
lever,
F=Toggle Plate

G=Antifriction Bowl ,
Fig: Diagram of projectile weaving machine
H=Link,
I=Picking
12
Working Principle of Projectile Weaving Machine:

Weft is withdrawn from the package through a tension device,

weft tensionar, shuttle feeder, scissor, and weft end gripper. The
picking arm has released the projectile which is shown in the
guide teeth at the mid-shed position. At the receiving side the
weft end gripper is positioned to grip the weft after reception.
The shuttle break is shown in its operating position with the
shuttle returner ready to push the projectile to the release and
tucking position.Illustrates the torsion bar picking system of
the machine. Strain energy is developed in the bar and released
in such a way as to transfer the maximum possible strain
energy to the projectile before it separates from the picker
shoe.
13
Cont….
The torsion bar (A) has its splined ends rigidly constrained in an
adjustable housing with provision for adjusting the maximum angle of
twist and projectile initial velocity. The other end of the torsion rod is
splined into the picking lever (C) which carries the picking shoe (D) at its
extremity. The projectile (P) is illustrated in the shuttle lifter with the
projectile spring opener. The bevel wheel (K) rotates the picking cam
shaft (J) which carries the picking cam (I). The picking shaft lever (E) is
rigidly connected to the torsion bar and through a short linkage to the
toggle plate (F) center at anti friction bowl (G).The action of the cam is for
the small roller to bear against the toggle rotate it anti clockwise about
anti friction bowl (G), thus withdrawing the picking shoe to its rearmost
position. In this position the center of the toggle arrangement are in line
and the torsion bar is twisted to its predetermined angle.
 
14 Multiphase loom:

Fig: Multiphase weaving machine

15 Working Process of Multiphase:

All the weaving techniques discussed thus far require that the shed
be open all the way across the machine for the device carrying the
filling yarns to pass through the shed. This imposes a limit on loom
speed.
The multiphase weaving machine overcomes this limitation by
forming many different sheds at different places across the machine
and forming these only as the weft yarn inserted. In this way, a
number of weft yarns can be inserted, one behind the other. As a
section of the shed opens, the weft passes, and the shed closes,
opening again in the new pattern as the next weft yarn arrives.
Speed is increased because of the number of yarns that can be
inserted almost simultaneously one right after the other, but the
actual speed of movement of the weft yarns is lower than in other
types of machines. For this reason, weft yarns that are weaker can
be used. Sultzer Ruti, the manufacturer of a multiphase machine,
states that its loom will insert upto 5,400 meters of pick per minute. 
 
16
Cont…..
The process transforms weaving into a continuous process rather than a cycle
of shedding,picking, and beating up. Multiphase loom continually inserts weft
yarns from yarn carriers. Rotary beat-up devices press inserted yarn firmly
against previously formed c1oth.If the pattern cbanges, small groups of yarns
are changed into a new shedding position after each new yarn carrier has
passed.

The operation of multished weaving machines is based on a series of wave like

motions across the weaving surface. In general, fabrics woven on these looms
do not have a true 9O-degree angle between warp and weft; the weft yarns are
slightly slanted,or skewed. Multished weaving is limited to special types of
fabrics, but it can be expected to gain acceptance in the years ahead.

As many as 16 to 20 weft carriers insert the pre cut

17
Cont……
weft in a continuous process Instead of the intermittent process of
single-shed weaving. Beating up and shedding arrangements are
different. Ln this continuous weaving process, the number of picks
Per minute is doubled. However, multiphase looms have never been
extensively used in the industry. 
18 Rapier Loom
Introduction of rapier Loom:
 Rapier loom is a shuttleless weaving
loom in which the filling yarn is carried
through the shed of warp yarns to the
other side of the loom by finger like
carries called rapiers.
 A rapier loom uses a rapier to pull the
weft yarn across the loom.
 The advantage of two rapier system is
only 50% of the rapier movement is
utilized in the weft insertion of single
rapier loom
Fig: Rapier weaving machine
19 Classifications of rapier weaving machine:
According to no. of rapier:
1. Single
2. Double

According to Weft Insertion Principle:

3. Dewas
4. Gabler

According to types of Rapier:

5. Rigid
6. Flexible
7. Telescopic
 Single Rigid Rapier:
 The rigid rapier is a metal or composite bar usually with a circular cross
20
section.
 The rapier enters the shed from one side, picks up the tip of the weft yarn
on the other side and passes it across the weaving machine while retracting.
 Single rapier carries the yarn in one way only and half of the rapier
movement is wasted.
 Rapier length is equal to the width of the weaving machine.
 Requires high mass and rigidity of the rapier to ensure straight movement
of the rapier head.
 Single rapier machines are not popular.
Advantage:
• Problem of weft transfer does not arise and normal range of fabric can be
woven.
Disadvantage:
• One movement of rapier is wasted.
• Loom speed is very slow.
• The maximum weft insertion rate is 40m/min.
21
Double Rigid Rapier:
 Two rapiers enter the shed from the opposite sides and meet at the center.
 The double rapier weaving machines are subdivided into:
 One sided weft insertion: One rapier is the transmitting rapier the other is
the taker rapier.
 Double sided weft insertion: Each rapier acts alternately as the giver and the
taker.
 The giver picks up the yarn from the accumulator at one side, brings it to the
center of the shed, transfer it to the second rapier(taker).
 As the taker retracts, carries the yarn to the other side.
 In a twin-rapier system, two rapiers move together from the same driving
source, as is necessary in face to face (i.e. double-push) weaving.
 Features of rapier weaving machine:

22 • High on quality.
• Low cost.
• Stable weft insertion
• PLC Base control
• Rigid design.
Advantages:
• Less floor space requirement, spatial productivity is higher.
• Flexible rapier band are would on wheels placed in semi-circular
channels when they are withdrawn outside the shad, and the result
is wide working widths up to 5m.
Disadvantages:
• The warp threads should not be damages by the ribbed guides.
• Guiding system may lid the ink breakage due to not failure.
• Using fancy yarn in warp direction is almost impossible.
• Wasted movement.
23
End Products:

• Very light fabrics with 20 GSI to heavy fabrics with around 850
GSM.
• Rapier machines are widely used for household textiles and
industrial fabrics.
• Rapier machines are designed for universal uses like- Weaves
classic Wool, cotton, Man-made fibers, fine Silk and fancy yarns
  FLEXIBLE RAPIER
Our weaving machinery can be equipped with flexible rapiers.These flexible
24 rapiers are guided on the slay by means of rapier hooks.

• Why use flexible rapiers?

• The housing for the rapiers can take up as much space as the width of the
machine. To overcome this problem, looms with flexible rapiers have been
devised. The flexible rapier can be coiled as it is withdrawn,therefore
requiring less storage space.
• If, however, the rapier is too stiff then it will not coil ; If it is too flexible, it will
buckle. Rigid & flexible rapier machines operate at speeds operating at speeds
ranging from about 200 to 260 ppm using up to 1300 meters of weft yarn
every minute. They have a noise level similar to that of modern projectile
looms. Types of rectangular cross section, 25×10 mm, made of spring steel or
plastic.

• They require guiding across the shed especially for larger working widths.
• Directing the flexible -rapier band through a fixed housing on the loom frame
just outside the reed (no guide mounted in the sley )
25

Fig: Flexible Rapier machine

26 Advantages Of Flexible Rapier
• Less floor space requirement spatial productivity is higher.
• Flexible rapier band are wound on wheels on placed in a
semi- circular channels when they are withdrawn outside the
shed, and the result is wide working widths up to 5 m.
Disadvantages of flexible rapier :
• Using fancy years in warp direction is almost impossible.
• Guiding system may lead to the end breakages due to knot
failure.
• By eliminating guides, there is the advantage of reducing end-
breaks due to knot failure, & weaving of fancy yearns becomes
much easier because the obstructions are removed from the
warp shed.
27 JET LOOM
 Introduction of water jet loom

• A water jet loom is similar to an air jet loom but uses water
instead of air to transport the yarn around the shed.
• Water jet looms can weave very fast whilst the yarn is not
damaged as water is less abrasive than solid matter moving
the yarn around.
• The machines are use for the manufacture of light and
medium weight fabrics with characteristics and in water
repellent fiber materials.
• They are characterised in particular by high insertion
performance and low energy consumption.
28
Cont…..
• water jet loom machines aren't used frequently as air jets, because they
are preferred for some types of fabric. In this process unsuitable for
hydrophilic fiber of yarns because this fibres yarn picks up the moisture.
• In this machine mostly used staple fiber of yarn, and therefore water jet
machines have some restrictions.
• A water jet of only 0.1 cm is sufficient to carry a yarn across a 48 Inch
shed, and the amount of water required for each Weft yarn is less than
2.0 cubic centimetres.
• The water jet looms can produce superior high quality fabrics that have
good appearance and feel.
29  Features of the water jet loom

• A water jet only 0.1 cm is sufficient to carry the yarn across

the 48 inches shed.
• The amount of water required for each Weft yarn is less than
2.0 cubic centimetres.
• Water jet loom speed can reach up to 2000 pics per minute.
• Read width- 170,190,210,230,280 cm
• Treated water is used by single or double pump Nozzle.
• The highest number of Weft insertion in water jet loom 600
ppm.
• Power required- 3.5-4.6 kw
• Tample- full width temple.
• Weft yarn package weight- 3.6 to 4.1 kg
30
Parts
Some important parts of water jet
machines such as :

Accumulator
• Nozzles
• Leno devices
Tension regulator
• Thermal knives
• Pump
Measuring devices
• Electric fellers
• Sensors
31 Mechanism of water jet loom:

Fig: Schematic Diagram of water jet loom

32 Mechanism of water jet loom:

The Weft yarn which is fed from cone (7) is drawn-off by a feeding and
measuring device (2) and then passes through a tension regulator (3)
and a Weft clamp (4). When the insertion has to take place the Weft
clamp loosens its hold and the thread inserted inside a Nozzle (1) is
struck by a jet of pressurized water launched through the shed at high
speed. At the insertion has taken place while the Weft is hold flat by the
threads which are moved by Leno mechanism (5), the thermal knives
(14) enter into the action on the launch side to cut the Weft and on the
opposite to the tirm fabric. A yarn clamping device (13) holds the Weft
waste which is cut off by the right handed thermal knife. While rotating
gears arrange for its removal central selvedge.
33
Cont……
The water is conveyed by a pump(8) provided with a filter, the piston of which
is controlled by a cam(10) producing the phases of water suction from the
container (9)and of water supply to nozzle(1).
The sequence of the launch phases is the following the pump (8) enters into
action and the initial water jet serves only to straighten the residual small piece
of weft, from nozzle (1) to thermal knife(14).This action, which has a duration
time varying from 5 to 30 rotation degrees of the main shaft, depends on the
yarn count and is named guide angle. The yarn flight forms a so-called flight
angle, leaving clamp (4) open to permit to the pressurized water jet to insert the
weft thread into the shed. The clamp opening time varies according to reed
width and to loom running speed. On yarn exit from the shed, there is an
electrical feeler or an infrared sensor which checks the presence of the weft end
and makes the machine to stop in case of absence of the weft.A drying device
removes the humidity absorbed by the fabric, sucking it through grooves
produced in the front beam 6 of the machine. A maximum of two weft colors can
be inserted.
34 Useable water quality:

• Water must not contain sediment forming additives such as ( Fe, Mg, Ca,& Si)
• Water must be harmless biologically and hygienically.
• Hardness : 5-10 in German scale
• Mechanical impurities must be filtered.

Working conditions :

• Operating temperature of water :16-24°C

• Operating pressure of water :. 05-1.5 Kg/Cm^2
35 Merits of water jet loom:

• Water jet loom consumes less power than others.

• This type of loom is suitable for producing synthetic
and high performance fabrics.
• Require less space as compare to other.
• High production rate.
• It creates less noise than rapier and projectile loom.
• It causes minimal damage of warp yarns during the
weaving operation.
• Mostly suitable for hydrophobic fibers of yarns such
as polyester, nylon, acetate, rayon etc.
36
Demerits of water jet loom:

• By using hard water rust can come on the yarn.

• Water jet loom isn't suitable for hydrophilic fiber of
yarns such as cotton, hemp, wool, linen etc.
• While we are using only hydrophobic yarn for weaving
in water jet loom, then we have to dry the fabric
afterward.
• It cannot produce as great variety of fabrics nor can it
produce as a wide fabric.
 Air Jet
37
Features of air jet loom:

 For instance on a weaving machine

having a speed of 600 rpm the weaving
cycle is 100m/s.
  Cam control valves have the advantages
of high speed precision of action whilst
the electrically controlled solenoid
valves permit easy setting.
  Finer count of yarn is used as the weft
thread to produce fancy type of fabric.
 Air jet weaving machine is high speed
machine having good quality Fig : Air jet Machine
38
Advantages :
 High Higher production capacity
 quality and complex design fabric can be produced
 Automatic pick repairing
 Heavier yarns are suitable for air jet looms

Disadvantages :
 Short or buckle pick
 Loose pick
 Snarling
 Excess dynamic pressure
 Weft stop problem
 Tip problem
 Timing of shed may not be proper
 Too high or too low main nozzle pressure
 Loose left side warp yarn
39 Operation principle of air jet loom:

Fig: Diagram of air jet machine

40 Working principle:
The yarn is pulled from the supply package at a constant speed, which is regulated
by the rollers, located with the measuring disk just in front of the yarn package. The
measuring disk removes a length of yarn appropriate to the width of the fabric
being woven. A clamp holds the yarn in an insertion storage area, where an
auxiliary air nozzle forms it into the shape of a hairpin. The main nozzle begins
blowing air so that the yarn is set in motion as soon as clamp opens. The hairpin
shape is stretched out as the yarn is blown into the guiding channel of the reed
with the shed open. The yarn is carried through the shed by the air currents
emitted by the relay nozzles along the channel. The initial propulsive force is
provided by a main nozzle. Electronically controlled relay nozzles provide
additional booster jets to carry the yarn across the shed. The maximum effective
width for common air-jet weaving machines is about 165 cm. At the end of the each
insertion cycle the clamp closes; the yarn is beaten in, and then cut, after the shed is
closed. Again some selvage- forming device is required to provide stability to the
edges of the fabric.
41 Board question
Write a short note on
1. Projectile picking
2. Rapier picking

Answer:

Projectile Picking
The action is done by a series of small bullet like projectile, which hold the
weft yarn and carry through the shed and return empty. This projectile
draws the filling yarn into shed. The energy requires for picking is build up
by twisting a tension rod. One release the rod immediately returns to initial
position and smoothly accelerating the projectile by means of picking lever.
Then the projectile slides through the shed in the rake shape guide and
braked into the receiving unit. Then he projectile is conveyed into the
original position by transport device which installed under the shed.
42 Rapier picking:

A rapier loom has a picking mechanism in which one rapier (a giver rapier)
transfers a weft yarn to another rapier (a taker rapier) in mid-shed. Each rapier is
oscillated toward and away
one another by a drive and includes a yarn clamp which is actuated by a clamp
opener to provide reliable yarn transfer from one rapier to the other such as,
 Single rigid rapier
 Double rigide rapier
 Double flexibile rapiers
43
Cont…..
Single rigid rapier: The rapier enters warp from the left one pick
across the entire warp width.

Double rigide rapier: The two rapiers enter the Warp

simultaneously and meet in the center. The left hand rapier carries the
pick to the centre of the Warp and then hand it over to right hand
rapier.

Double flexibile rapiers: same principle as rigid rapiers but the rigid
rods are replaced by flexible steel which follow the curved path.
44

The End
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