Use of Fly Ash in Highway Embankment: Final Year Project Presentation

Use of Fly Ash in Highway
Embankment
Final Year Project Presentation
Made By: Vipul(50225)

Harshit Dani(53481)
Jogeshwar Gupta(51873)
Submitted to:
Mr. Ajit Kumar
Professor(Civil Engineering Department)
College of Technology Pantnagar
Acknowledgement
We would like to take the opportunity to thank
College of Technology Pantnagar for providing us with
such a vibrant and learning atmosphere.
 we want to convey our most sincere gratitude to Prof.

Ajit Kumar, Department of civil engineering, College
of technology for taking out time from his schedule
and guiding us all so in the most warm and friendly
manner.
Abstract
To Study:
-The properties of Fly Ash.
-How Fly Ash can be used in Highway Embankment.
-What are the challenges in using Fly Ash in Highway
Embankment.
-How to over come those challenges.
Content
-Introduction
-Fly ash as a Road construction material
-Characteristics of Fly Ash
-Physical properties
-Chemical properties
-Use of fly ash in road making.
-Construction of Fly ash embankment.
-Methodology
-Highlights of IRC SP:58
-Conclusion
Introduction
► Fly ash is a fine residue of coal combustion in the
Thermal Power Plants.
►The thermal grade Indian coal contains 35 to 45% of
ash resulting in generation of huge quantity of fly ash.
►Coal being the main raw material for thermal power
generation, ash is the essential by product.
Conti..
► Huge quantity of bottom ash & fly ash are generated
from boilers of coal fired Thermal Power Plants (TPP).
► Internationally fly ash is considered as a by product
which can be used for many appliances.
►As a result of experiences gained in these projects,
specifications for
► construction of road embankments and guidelines for
usage of fly ash for rural roads were compiled and these
have been published by the Indian Roads Congress
Fly ash as a Road construction material
For overall evaluation of industrial wastes for use as construction materials a
‘NICE’ criterion has been suggested which is explained below
'N’ on-hazardous: Fly Ash non-hazardous with regard to ignitability,

corrosivity, reactivity and toxicity
‘I’m provable: It should possess high potential for improvability of its

properties, such as workability, performance in conjunction with additives.
 '‘C’ompatible with other construction materials and consistent in its

properties.
.
Conti…
 'E’conomically feasible, it should have the characteristics
of low unit cost and high quality resulting in savings on
construction cost, usable as produced without costly
processing ,enough and easily available
Fly ash is a really ‘NICE’ material for use in road

pavements and embankments.
Characteristics of Fly Ash
The following characteristics of fly ash make it preferred material for
road construction.
-Light weight: It is especially attractive for embankment construction

over weak sub-soils where excessive weight could cause failure. Fly ash
also causes lesser pressure on retaining walls due to lower weight.
-Higher value of California Bearing Ratio as compared to soil

provides for a more efficient design of road pavement
-
Conti…
-High permeability ensures free and efficient
drainage.
- Faster rate of consolidation: a major part of
decrease in volume occurs during primary
consolidation phase, which is generally rapid, thus
making it an ideal material for road fills.
- Low compressibility results in ease of compaction
and shows negligible subsequent settlement within
the fill
conti…
-Pozzolanic hardening property imparts additional
strength to the road pavements/embankments and
decreases the post construction horizontal pressure
on retaining walls
- Offers greater stability of slopes due to higher

angle of friction. Value of angle of internal friction
increases even more upon compaction.
Physical properties
Chemical Properties
Use of Fly ash in Road Making
Bulk utilization of fly ash in construction has a lot of potential.
National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) is currently using
100 lakh Tonne fly ash in construction indifferent NH projects
in India and proposed to increase it two folds in the future.
The scope of utilization of fly ash in Road construction are:
 Embankments and backfills Reinforced or unreinforced.

 Stabilisation of subgrade, sub-base and base course.
 For replacing a part of OPC in Concrete pavements, paving
blocks, kerb stones.
Construction of Fly Ash Embankment
-In developed urban areas natural borrow sources are
scarce, expensive or inaccessible. The environmental
degradation caused due to using topsoil for
embankment construction is also very high. Fly ash
can provide an economical and environmentally
preferable alternative to natural borrow soil.
- Many favourable properties for embankment
construction are Lightweight, higher shear strength
(greater stability), no lumps, usually moist, compacted
under inclement weather, cost savings, etc.
Conti…
-Even though fly ash can be compacted using either
vibratory or stati crollers, vibratory rollers are
recommended for achieving better compaction.
-Compaction is usually carried out at optimum moisture
content or slightly higher.
-The slopes of the embankments should be protected by
providing good earth cover using loamy soil.
-The thickness of cover depends on the height of the
embankment, site conditions, flooding if expected, etc.
-The design of fly ash embankments is basically similar to
design of soil embankments.
Conti...
 The design techniques use limit equilibrium method
for stability analysis of embankment.
 - Many computer software's are available for quickly
analysing stability of different types of embankment
sections.
 -The compacted thickness of intermediate soil layers
may vary from 0.2to 0.4 m.
 - Geo synthetic materials like geo grids or geo textiles
can be used as reinforcement for construction of
reinforced fly ash embankments.
Methodology
The methodology of construction of embankment with fly ash
differs from the construction with ordinary soil in the following
ways :
-The Fly ash embankment should be covered on the sides and top
up by suitable earth to prevent erosion of ash.
-Site investigation is required for determining characteristics of
materials and detailed design before its application.
-Embankment constructed in flood—prone areas should be
protected by stone pitching.
- The sulphate content in fly ash should be within the specified
limits otherwise it may create corrosion, if metallic pipes,
metallic reinforcement, etc. come in contact with fly ash.
Engineering properties
The following engineering properties are to be
determined before undertaking fly ash embankment
construction.
 Particle size distribution.
 Maximum dry-density.
 Shear strength and permeability.
 Drainage properties.
Highlights of IRC SP:58
 Design considerations are similar to earthen embankments.
 FOS should be 1.25 (Minimum) under normal conditions,
1.0(Minimum) under seismic / saturated conditions.
 Density of compacted fly ash would be considerably lower
than soil , fly ash with low MDD values not to be rejected.
 Ash has no cohesion (c), f should be basis for design.
 Very little possibility of liquefaction of fly ash embankment.
Conti...
 Indian fly ash has lower SO3 and lesser heavy metal
content.
 Earth cover to prevent erosion and water ingress.
 Cover thickness 1 m (up to 3 m high embankments),
cover can be upto 3m for high embankments
 Intermediate soil layer if embankment height more
than 3 m
 Minimum thickness of intermediate soil layer - 200
mm.
Conclusion
Fly ash produced as a waste product can be a good construction
material for roads and embankments
Adoption of ash in embankment construction will result in saving
of precious topsoil besides leading to reduction in construction
cost.
At a time, when infrastructure development is getting top priority
and construction of many road projects are being planned, greatly
enhanced demand can be expected from the road sector.
Unfamiliarity with the use of fly ash in road works can be
overcome through demonstration projects and educating the
construction agencies
Attention should be paid to characterisation of fly ash and quality
control during construction for better performance so that fly ash
can be turned from a liability to an asset converting ash to cash.
Reference
1. IRC:SP:58/200
2. IRC:SP:37/2001
3. IRC:SP:89/2010
4. Works Department website
5. Paper on utilisation of fly ash in road & embankment
construction by Dr. U.K. Guru Vittal, CSIR – Central
Road Research Institute, New Delhi
Thank You

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Use of Fly Ash in Highway

Made By: Vipul(50225)

 we want to convey our most sincere gratitude to Prof.

'N’ on-hazardous: Fly Ash non-hazardous with regard to ignitability,

‘I’m provable: It should possess high potential for improvability of its

 '‘C’ompatible with other construction materials and consistent in its

Fly ash is a really ‘NICE’ material for use in road

-Light weight: It is especially attractive for embankment construction

-Higher value of California Bearing Ratio as compared to soil

- Offers greater stability of slopes due to higher

The scope of utilization of fly ash in Road construction are:

 Embankments and backfills Reinforced or unreinforced.

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