BATTLE OF

MACTAN
 SECONDARY SOURCE :
• On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a chief of the island of
Matan [Mactan], sent one of his sons to present two goats to the
captain-general Magellan, and to say that he would send him all
that he had promised, but that he had not been able to send it to
him because of the other chief Cilapulapu [Lapulapu] who refused
to obey the King of Spain. The Spaniards went over to Mactan in
order to discipline Lapu-lapu, knowing their arms and armor were
superior to his. However, they had underestimated the bravery of
the Filipinos and lost, just as they miscalculated the riches of the
natives by bringing trinkets.
 DOCUMENTARY SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
o DR. GREGORIO F. ZAIDE (1907-1986)
• DEAN OF FILIPINO HISTORIOGRAPHERS
(HISTORIAN, WRITER, EDUCATOR)
• UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES (YOUNGEST
INSTRUCTOR)
• FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY, MANILA (FIRST
PROFESSOR EMERITUS)
• Famous Italian traveller born in Vicenza
around 1490
• Also known as Antonio Lombardo /
Francisco Antonio Pigafetta
• An Italian navigator hired by Magellan to
keep detailed documents of the voyage
• His account is the single most important
source about the voyage of
circumnavigation
• Pigafetta kept a detailed
journal, the original of which is
lost. However an account of
the voyage, written by him
between 1522 and 1525,
survives in four manuscript
versions: one in Italian and
three in French
 SECONDARY SIMILARITIE DIFFERENCE
SOURCE S S

On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a chief

of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent one of his
 Mactan is spelled as Matan  Boatloads is equivalent to
sons to present two goats to the captain-general in the two sources. the word balanghais in my
Magellan, and to say that he would send him
all that he had promised, but that he had not
 Chief Lapu-lapu’s name is source.
been able to send it to him because of the other Cilapulapu in the two
chief Cilapulapu [Lapulapu] who refused to
obey the King of Spain. The Spaniards went
sources.  The word Spain is spelled as
over to Mactan in order to discipline Lapu-  The way it was narrated until Spagnia in my source.
lapu, knowing their arms and armor were
superior to his. However, they had
the end is exactly the same
underestimated the bravery of the Filipinos and except for some words.
lost, just as they miscalculated the riches of the
natives by bringing trinkets.
 PHILIPPINE HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
o REYNALDO OLIVEROS
• CULTURAL WORKER, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE
ECUMENICAL INSTITUTE FOR LABOR EDUCATION AND
RESEARCH; MEMBER OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL
THEATER ASSOCIATION
o MA. CONCEPCION M. GALVEZ
• MASTER TEACHER AT ARAULLO HIGH SCHOOL IN MANILA
o YOLANDA R. ESTRELLA
• TEACHER AT THE ARAULLO HIGH SCHOOL IN MANILA, A
DEMONSTRATION TEACHER AND LECTURER OF THE
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS OF MANILA.
 SECONDARY ADDITIONAL DIFFERENCE
SOURCE INFORMATION S
On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a  Magellan met Rajah Humabon who  “The captain did not wish to
chief of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent tried to collect taxes from the
one of his sons to present two goats to the
fight them, but sent a message to
Spaniards, but Magellan frustrated the natives” in the given source to
captain-general Magellan, and to say that he
him. Instead, Humabon, his wife, us while in my source, it was
would send him all that he had promised, but
children and 800 of his subjects were
that he had not been able to send it to him
made to become Catholics and stated that, “Magellan went to
because of the other chief Cilapulapu Mactan to force Lapu-lapu to
[Lapulapu] who refused to obey the King of subjects of the Spanish kingdom.
Spain. The Spaniards went over to Mactan in make him pay taxes”.
order to discipline Lapu-lapu, knowing their  There was a tension between
arms and armor were superior to his. Humabon and Lapu-lapu that’s why
However, they had underestimated the the latter was lukewarm towards the
bravery of the Filipinos and lost, just as they Spaniards.
miscalculated the riches of the natives by
bringing trinkets.
• According to Professor Susan Russell in
Department of Anthropology, Magellan met with
Chief Humabon of the island Cebu, who had an ill
grandson. Magellan (or one of his men) was able
to cure or help this young boy, and in gratitude
Chief Humabon allowed 800 of his followers to be
baptized.
 THE FILIPINO HEROES
oMARIA ODULIO DE GUZMAN
• RETIRED ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT
PHILIPPINE NORMAL COLLEGE
SECONDARY SOURCE SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES

On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a chief  Magellan, with sixty men sailed from Cebu  “They asked us not to proceed to attack
of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent one of his to conquer the island of Mactan. them at once but to wait until morning so
sons to present two goats to the captain-general that they might have more men” from the
Magellan, and to say that he would send him source given to us while in my source,
all that he had promised, but that he had not “When the Spaniards landed on Mactan,
been able to send it to him because of the other they were attacked by Lapu-lapu and his
chief Cilapulapu [Lapulapu] who refused to son”.
obey the King of Spain. The Spaniards went
over to Mactan in order to discipline Lapu-
lapu, knowing their arms and armor were
superior to his. However, they had
underestimated the bravery of the Filipinos and
lost, just as they miscalculated the riches of the
natives by bringing trinkets.
• According to Antonio Pigafetta Sixty men
of them set out armed with corselets and
helmets, together with Christian King, the
prince , some of the chief men, and
twenty to thirty balanguais.
• According to Antonio Pigafetta, they
reached Matan three hours before dawn,
and they waited until morning before they
leaped down into the water and reached
the land for the fight
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES
(VOLUME IV)
oZOILO M. GALANG (EDITOR)
• AUTHOR OF IMPORTANT CHARACTERS IN
PHILIPPINE HISTORY, LIFE AND SUCCESS, THE
UNISOPHER, OUR GREAT MEN AND WOMEN
 SECONDARY SIMILARITIES ADDITIONAL
SOURCE INFORMATION

 On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a

chief of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent
one of his sons to present two goats to the
Magellan was  In trying to find a route different
from that of Balboa and Vasco de
captain-general Magellan, and to say that he
would send him all that he had promised,
defeated by Lapu- Gama, to the Spice Islands, he
discovered the Philippines in 1521.
but that he had not been able to send it to
him because of the other chief Cilapulapu
lapu. He was well received by Humabon
and many of the natives were
[Lapulapu] who refused to obey the King of
Spain. The Spaniards went over to Mactan converted into Christianity, but his
in order to discipline Lapu-lapu, knowing daring valor led him to his death in
their arms and armor were superior to his. his fight with Lapu-lapu on April
However, they had underestimated the 27, 1521.
bravery of the Filipinos and lost, just as
they miscalculated the riches of the natives
by bringing trinkets.
• According to Antonio Pigafetta Magellan
was not actually defeated by Lapu-Lapu
but by his soldiers
 PHILIPPINE HISTORY AND
GOVERNMENT FOR COLLEGE
STUDENTS
o DR. CARLITO D. GARCIA
• ASSISTANT DEAN FOR GENERAL EDUCATION
STUDIES AND A GRADUATE SCHOOL
PROFESSOR AT JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY
• FORMER DEAN OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
AND GRADUATE SCHOOL AT JOSE RIZAL
UNIVERSTY, PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG
PASAY
 SOURCE SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES

 On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a

chief of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent Magellan, with sixty  “The captain did not wish
one of his sons to present two goats to the to fight them but sent a
captain-general Magellan, and to say that he men sailed to message to the natives”,
would send him all that he had promised,
but that he had not been able to send it to Mactan. from the given source while
him because of the other chief Cilapulapu
[Lapulapu] who refused to obey the King of
in my source, “Magellan
Spain. The Spaniards went over to Mactan without knowing the
in order to discipline Lapu-lapu, knowing
their arms and armor were superior to his.
terrain volunteered to fight
However, they had underestimated the Lapu-lapu”.
bravery of the Filipinos and lost, just as
they miscalculated the riches of the natives
by bringing trinkets.
• According to Antonio Pigafetta, the captain
did not really wish to fight them, instead he
sent a message to the natives by the Moro to
the effect that if they would obey the king as
their sovereign, and pay them their tribute,
then he would be their friend.
 A TOURIST GUIDE TO NOTABLE
PHILIPPINE HISTORICAL
LANDMARKS, MONUMENTS, AND
SHRINES
oBENJAMIN LOCSIN LAYUG
• BS ARCHITECTURE DEGREE FROM
THE UP DILIMAN
• INDEPENDENT ARCHITECT AND
CONSULTANT, ALSO A FREELANCE
TRAVEL WRITER IN HIS SPARE TIME
 SECONDARY SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES
SOURCE

 On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a

chief of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent At midnight, Magellan Boatloads is
one of his sons to present two goats to the set out with 60 soldiers
captain-general Magellan, and to say that he
would send him all that he had promised, armed with corselets and
equivalent to
but that he had not been able to send it to
him because of the other chief Cilapulapu helmets sailed for balanghais in my
[Lapulapu] who refused to obey the King of
Spain. The Spaniards went over to Mactan Mactan. source.
in order to discipline Lapu-lapu, knowing
their arms and armor were superior to his.
However, they had underestimated the
bravery of the Filipinos and lost, just as
they miscalculated the riches of the natives
by bringing trinkets.
• Based on our Primary Source the
boatload is called BALANGUAIS
 THE SPANISH CONQUEST
o FR. JOSE S. ARCILLA, S.J.
• PhD IN PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS (UNIVERSIDAD
COMPLUTENSE IN MADRID)
• PROFESSOR AT XAVIER UNIVERSITY, THE ATENEO DE
DAVAO, AND THE ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY
• CURATOR OF THE PHILIPPINE JESUIT PROVINCE
ARCHIVES
 SEONDARY ADDITONAL DIFFERENCES
SOURCE INFORMATION

On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a chief

of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent one of his
 About 400 Cebuanos were “The captain did not
baptized, among them is
sons to present two goats to the captain-general
Magellan, and to say that he would send him Humabon’s wife, who received the wish to fight them but
all that he had promised, but that he had not Chrisitian name of Dona Juana, in sent a message to the
been able to send it to him because of the other honor of the Castillian queen.
chief Cilapulapu [Lapulapu] who refused to natives”, from the given
obey the King of Spain. The Spaniards went
over to Mactan in order to discipline Lapu-  Historians believe that the Santo source while in my
lapu, knowing their arms and armor were Nino image venerated in Cebu source, “Magellan,
superior to his. However, they had today is Magellan’s gift to the
underestimated the bravery of the Filipinos and sultana of Cebu, or Dona Juana, to against prudent ,
lost, just as they miscalculated the riches of the
natives by bringing trinkets. call her by her Christian name. volunteered to fight
Lapulapu”.
 POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
(HISTORY, GOVERNMENT AND
CONSTITUTION)
o RODRIGO D. COSTALES
• BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE (PCU 1985)
• MA IN EDUCATION (LPU-1998)
• DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PUBLIC POLICY (LPU 2003)
o PROFESSOR DENNIS J. SALUBA
• FULL TIME FACULTY MEMBER OF THE CAS UNDER THE SOCIAL
SCIENCE DEPARTMENT, LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY
o PROFESSOR ABIGEIL F. CARLOS
• FULL TIME FACULTY MEMBER OF THE LYCEUM OF THE
PHILIPPINES
 SOURCE ADDITIONAL DIFFERENCE
INFORMATIO S
N
On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a chief
of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent one of his
 On March 31, 1521 (Easter “The captain did not
Sunday), Magellan invited Rajah
sons to present two goats to the captain-general
Magellan, and to say that he would send him Calambu and his brother, Rajah wish to fight them but
all that he had promised, but that he had not Siaui, ruler of the Leyte Gulf sent a message to the
been able to send it to him because of the other Islands, to a public mass.
chief Cilapulapu [Lapulapu] who refused to natives”, in the given
obey the King of Spain. The Spaniards went
over to Mactan in order to discipline Lapu-  Now, under Republic Act No. source while in my
lapu, knowing their arms and armor were 2733 (June 10, 1960), it asserts source, “Magellan went
superior to his. However, they had that the first mass in the
underestimated the bravery of the Filipinos and Philippines took place at a site in to the island of Mactan
lost, just as they miscalculated the riches of the
natives by bringing trinkets. Limasawa, Southern Leyte and to confront Lapu-
declared the site a national shrine.
lapu”.
 PHILIPPINE HISTORY
oMARIA CHRISTINE N. HALILI
• MASTER OF ARTS, MAJOR IN
HISTORY GRADUATE (MAGNA CUM
LAUDE)
• HISTORY INSTRUCTOR AT BULACAN
STATE UNIVERSITY
 SECONDARY ADDITIONAL DIFFERENCES
SOURCE INFORMATION
On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a chief
of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent one of his
 Lapu-lapu’s real name was “The captain did not
sons to present two goats to the captain-general Cali Pulacu as written by wish to fight them but
Magellan, and to say that he would send him Carlos Calao, a Chinese-
all that he had promised, but that he had not sent a message to the
been able to send it to him because of the other Spanish poet in the 17th
chief Cilapulapu [Lapulapu] who refused to century in his poem Que natives”, in the given
obey the King of Spain. The Spaniards went
over to Mactan in order to discipline Lapu- Dios Le Perdone (That God source while in my
lapu, knowing their arms and armor were
superior to his. However, they had
May Forgive Him). This was source, “Magellan
underestimated the bravery of the Filipinos and a result of the research of invaded Mactan on
lost, just as they miscalculated the riches of the
natives by bringing trinkets.
Prof. Guillermo Gomez- April 27, 1521”.
Rivera, a 1975 Zobel Prize
awardee.
• According to different Historians, Datu Lapu-
Lapu is also known under the names
Cilapulapu, Si Lapulapu, Salip Pulaka, Cali
Pulaco, and Lapulapu Dimantag. The reasons
for this various names he was known for is
said to be because of wrong translations done
by writers. But our Primary source Antonio
Pigafetta called him Cilapulapu.
 MGA PILIPINO NG KASAYSAYAN
(PAGES 233-235)
oNATIONAL HISTORIC INSTITUTE
- NAKAPAGLATHALA NG LIMANG NG KOPYA NG
FILIPINOS IN HISTORY, ISANG KATIPUNAN NG
MGA TALAMBUHAY NG BANTOG NA MGA
PILIPINO NA SINALIKSIK NG MGA
MANANALIKSIK NG NASABING TANGGAPAN.
 SECONDARY SIMILARITIES ADDITIONAL
SOURCE INFORMATION

 On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a

chief of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent
one of his sons to present two goats to the
The way it was Before the so called
captain-general Magellan, and to say that he narrated from the Battle of Mactan,
would send him all that he had promised,
but that he had not been able to send it to
him because of the other chief Cilapulapu
beginning until the Lapu-lapu’s son
(Sawili)was
[Lapulapu] who refused to obey the King of
Spain. The Spaniards went over to Mactan end is the same
kidnapped but he was
in order to discipline Lapu-lapu, knowing
their arms and armor were superior to his. with the given able to escape. He
However, they had underestimated the
bravery of the Filipinos and lost, just as
they miscalculated the riches of the natives
source. swim through the
by bringing trinkets.
Mactan Strait.
• According to a Historian in Museo Sugbo,
there wasn’t any description of Lapu-Lapu, all
was just imagination, even the names of his
family and children was never written on any
documents.
 FILIPINIANA BOOK
GUILD (XIV) PAGES 44-45
 SECONDARY SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES
SOURCE

 On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a

chief of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent My source is the same as  Boatloads is
one of his sons to present two goats to the
captain-general Magellan, and to say that
the given source to us. equivalent to
he would send him all that he had The way it was narrated, balanghais in my
promised, but that he had not been able to
send it to him because of the other chief the words used except
Cilapulapu [Lapulapu] who refused to obey
for one and even the source.
the King of Spain. The Spaniards went over
to Mactan in order to discipline Lapu-lapu,
knowing their arms and armor were
punctuation marks.
superior to his. However, they had
underestimated the bravery of the Filipinos
and lost, just as they miscalculated the
riches of the natives by bringing trinkets.
 THE PHILIPPINES OF YESTERYEARS (THE
DAWN OF HISTORY IN THE PHILIPPINES)

oEUFRONIO M. ALIP, PhD LITERATURE

1964
 SECONDARY SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES
SOURCE

 On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a

chief of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent
one of his sons to present two goats to the
Magalhaes with Magellan is
captain-general Magellan, and to say that
he would send him all that he had
sixty men sailed to Magalhaes in my
promised, but that he had not been able to
send it to him because of the other chief
the island of source.
Cilapulapu [Lapulapu] who refused to obey
the King of Spain. The Spaniards went over Mactan.
to Mactan in order to discipline Lapu-lapu,
knowing their arms and armor were
superior to his. However, they had
underestimated the bravery of the Filipinos
and lost, just as they miscalculated the
riches of the natives by bringing trinkets.
• English Name : Ferdinand Magellan
• Portuguese Name: Fernao de Magalhaes
• Spanish Name: Fernando de Magallanes
By: Francisco Contente Domingues
-Professor of History, Universtiy of Lisbon
-President of the International Commission
for the History of Nautical Science
 PHILIPPINE POLITICAL AND
CULTURAL HISTORY VOLUME I
oGREGORIO F. ZAIDE
• HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY,
FEU
• PAGES 118-121
 SECONDARY SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES
SOURCE
 On Friday, April twenty-six 1521, Zula, a
chief of the island of Matan [Mactan], sent
one of his sons to present two goats to the
Magellan invaded Boatloads is
captain-general Magellan, and to say that he Mactan with 60 equivalent to praus
would send him all that he had promised,
but that he had not been able to send it to
Spaniards. (native boats) in my
him because of the other chief Cilapulapu
[Lapulapu] who refused to obey the King of source.
Spain. The Spaniards went over to Mactan
in order to discipline Lapu-lapu, knowing
their arms and armor were superior to his.
However, they had underestimated the
bravery of the Filipinos and lost, just as
they miscalculated the riches of the natives
by bringing trinkets.
 ANG PILIPINAS (HEOGRAPIYA,
KASAYSAYAN AT PAMAHALAAN)
• LAMBERTO P. GABRIEL AND SAINT
BERNADETTE PUBLICATIONS, INC.
• PAGES 79-87
 SECONDARY SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES
SOURCE
 COLONIZATION- It is the  Evangelization and colonialism are Colonization is the
policy of a foreign people often closely associated because of
seeking to extend or retain
Catholicism and Protestantism Supremacy of Spain
were the religions of the European
it’s authority over other colonial power. They acted in over Portugal as
people’s territories. many ways as the religious arm of Super power.
those powers.

 EVANGELIZATION- Christian Evangelization is the

missionaries were initially
portrayed as visible saints where conversion of natives to
they exemplars of ideal in a sea of Christianity.
persistent savagery.
• Colonization is when one
country violently invades
and takes control of another
country, claims the land as
its own, and sends – settlers
- people to live on the land
• Two great wave of Colonialism recorded in
History
1. 15th century – Europe’s Age of Discovery
2. 19th century – Scramble for Africa
• 15th century – Europe’s Age of Discovery
- motivation : 3G’s (God,Gold,Glory)

- Jamila Osman
- Teenvogue.com
• Evangelization
• Evangelizing means bringing the
Good News of Jesus into every human
situation and seeking to convert
individuals and society by the divine
power of the Gospel itself.
• Pope Paul VI