Social Issues: Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities

Social Issues
Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

Gender Issue
 Patriarchal society - Men hold authority over female family members and inherit family property
and title
 Son preference - Higher economic utility, Religious practices and Funeral rights
 Discrimination Against girls - Medical treatment of illnesses, Nutritional discrimination
 Dowry - Girls are a burden on families, Dowry Prohibition Act 1961, 498a of the Indian Penal Code
(IPC)
 Sex-Selective Abortion - Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostics Technique Act in 1994(Sex Ratio
0-6 Years Age – 914/1000)
 Literacy - literacy rate of females is 65.46%.
 Gender-based violence – Rape ( National Crime Records Bureau 2013 annual report), Marital rape,
Rape of minors, Honor Killing. Mathura Rape Case .

Ideological Framework
 Maturity of Civilization
 Atrocities – Dalit Women, Widows and NRI Husband
 Child Prostitution, Human Trafficking
 Social Stigma – Self Justification
 Moral Policing – Mangalore Pub
 Ethics and Morality
 Caste Conflict
 Consumerist Lifestyle

India’s Solution
Year Act
1956 Immoral Traffic
1961 Dowry Prohibition
1987 Sati
1990 National Commission For Women
2000 Juvenile Justice
2005 Domestic Violence
2006 Child Marriage
2009 Right to education act
Protection of children from sexual offenses.bill

2012 passed in both houses. brief summary given on
prsindia.org

Schemes -Women and Girls
 Beti bachao, Beti padhao" and "Sukanya Samriddhi account“
 Beijing platform for action - Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in ’95
 CEDAW- Convention on the elimination of discrimination against women by UN
 Central social welfare board under Ministry of Women and child Development
 Ujjawala - Includes Rescue, Rehabilitation, Re-Integration and Repatriation for the victims
 Justice Usha Mehra Committee - identify lapses on the part of public authorities and suggest measures to improve
the safety and security of women in the capital
 Justice JS Verma - to review existing laws and examine levels of punishment in cases of aggravated sexual assault
and it has submitted its recommendations
 Gender Budgeting – Since 2005

Specific Problem
Prostitution
Prostitution in India: Disturbing numbers
7 lakh “Registered” sex workers in India (Health ministry, 2012)
40% Of them are underage (Study by Women and child ministry)
33% Of missing children never found. Many of them sold off as within India or in Middle-east.
Women in Prison
4 per cent of prison population is female
Problems: overcrowding, prolonged detention of under trial individuals, poor living conditions, and
allegations of physical, sexual and mental abuse
need for a comprehensive revision of the prison laws.
Trans Gender
A separate column in all Government and non-Government records to include the third gender.
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment along with the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
will determine the number of transgendered persons in India and their socio-economic status.
then a new law will be created to protect interests of the community +education, housing, access to healthcare, skill
development, employment opportunities and financial assistance.

SANITATION
 Fifty five percent of this population (nearly 600 million people) has no access to toilets , made up by
people who live in urban slums and rural areas .
 List of diseases caused by lack of sanitation - Stunted growth, Cholera and Diarrhoea “Building
toilets is a priority over temples”
 Nearly 1.9 million Indians accounting for one-fifth of the global TB cases
 Estimated 72% of Indians still lack access to improved sanitation facilities.
 More than 72% of rural people relieve themselves behind bushes, 1 billion people in the world who
have no toilet, India accounts for nearly 600m
 Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) - death of infant before 1 st birthday per 1000 live births
Rural (46), Urban (28) , 12th FYP target: 25

Government Initiatives
 Article 47 (Part IV: directive principles of state policy)-State shall regard the raising of the
level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public
health as among its primary duties.
 The Government of India launched the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) in 1999 with the
goal of achieving universal rural sanitation coverage by 2012, the government introduced
an innovative incentive programme known as Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) in 2003
 Provide toilets with water in all schools and Anganwadi centres
 Active involvement of women in determining the location of sanitation facilities.
 Difficulties in the usage of toilets will be addressed (eg. need for lighting, inappropriate
location, and so on)
 Eco-sanitation, Non-flushing, Self-composting toilets

Juvenile Delinquency
• Family Factors – Parenting Style
• Delinquent Peer Groups
• Socio – Economic Status
• Modelling
• Labelling
• Juveniles account for only about 16 percent of serious violent crimes, but nearly one-third
(32%) of property crimes.
• Ranjan Nayak a 16 year old lad from Khoir Mani, Baripada
• Sunil Tudu a 17 year old boy from Rairang Pur, Mayurbhanj
• Dibya Nayak (name changed), a 16 years old boy from Barbil near Bhola Garage, Keonjhar

Suggestions
 More number of teachers should be appointed in the observation home so that it will be possible to
provide teaching to the different age group of delinquents.
 Developing the infrastructural facilities of Short stay homes and Observation homes is a top priority.
 School drop outs should be handled properly to ensure that they are not becoming antisocial.
 Proper counseling sessions at regular intervals is highly essential for these juveniles.
 Delinquents should be dealt in a sensitive manner .Proper training should be given to the authority and
caretakers in these homes.
 Education should be an integral part of the positive development of these children in conflict with law.
 Proper socialization from the childhood is a key requirement.
 More parental focus towards their children is needed for their proper development.

Bachpan Bachao Andolan
 An India-based movement campaigning for the rights of children, It
was started in 1980 by Nobel Laureate Kailash Satyarthi
 Focus has centred on ending bonded labour, child labour and human

trafficking, as well as demanding the right to education for all
children.
 It has so far freed 80,000 children from servitude, including bonded

labourers, and helped in their successful re-integration,
rehabilitation and education

Education in India
 Art - 21A Free and compulsory education for 6-14 y.o.a
 Fundamental Duties - Develop scientific temper, humanism, spirit of inquiry and

reform, Parent/guardian provide education to their 6-14 y.o.a
 DPSP - State to look after Educational and economic interests of SC, ST,OBC.
Issues
Infrastructure-A study of 188 government-run primary schools found that

59% of the schools had no drinking water and 89% had no toilets
Curriculum issues-Modern education in India is often criticized for being

based on rote learning rather than problem solving.
Awareness ,Affordability and Accessibility to Education

Scheme - food
•Class 1 to 8. Applicable to Govt.schools, Government aided schools, local body schools, EGS, AIE centre ,
Midday meal Kids Madrasas and Maqtabs.
•Started in 1995.
•Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls
SABLA Girls •To provide nutrition for growing adolescent girls by provision of food grains.(A kishori card )
Schemes: infra/Services
•Started in 2001.
•RTE is being implemented via SSA.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) Kids Infra+services
•alternative schools,
•Bridging gender-social gaps in enrolment, learning.
Earlier known as National Literacy mission (NLM)

Illiterate For illeterates above 15+ age.
Sakshar Bharat Infra+service
adults. Setup Lok Shiksha Kendras (Adult Education Centres).
Primary focus is on Women.
Residential upper primary schools for girl SC,ST,OBC,Minority

Kasturba Balika Vidhyalaya girls Infra+service
girlsTarget: scattered habitation.
•High speed internet connection.
ICT in schools All e-learning
•Virtual classrooms, online teaching and other fancy stuff.

Poverty In India
Committees Tendulkar C.Rangarajan
Set up in 2005 2012, May
Submitted report 2009 2014, July
Monthly per CAPITA Monthly Expenditure of family
Poverty estimation method
Expenditure. of five.
Urban poverty line (Rs) Tendulkar C.Rangarajan

per day per person 33 46.90=~47
per person per month 1000* 1407
per family of five, per month 5000 7035
Rural poverty line (Rs) Tendulkar C.Rangarajan

per day per person 27 32
per person per month 816* 972
per family of five, per month 4080 4860*

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Social Issues

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

 Discrimination Against girls - Medical treatment of illnesses, Nutritional discrimination

 Literacy - literacy rate of females is 65.46%.

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

 Atrocities – Dalit Women, Widows and NRI Husband

 Child Prostitution, Human Trafficking

 Social Stigma – Self Justification

 Moral Policing – Mangalore Pub

 Ethics and Morality

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

1956 Immoral Traffic

1961 Dowry Prohibition

1990 National Commission For Women

2000 Juvenile Justice

2005 Domestic Violence

2006 Child Marriage

2009 Right to education act

Protection of children from sexual offenses.bill

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

 Beti bachao, Beti padhao" and "Sukanya Samriddhi account“

 CEDAW- Convention on the elimination of discrimination against women by UN

 Gender Budgeting – Since 2005

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

 Estimated 72% of Indians still lack access to improved sanitation facilities.

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

 Provide toilets with water in all schools and Anganwadi centres

 Active involvement of women in determining the location of sanitation facilities.

 Eco-sanitation, Non-flushing, Self-composting toilets

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

 Proper socialization from the childhood is a key requirement.

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

 Focus has centred on ending bonded labour, child labour and human

 It has so far freed 80,000 children from servitude, including bonded

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

 Fundamental Duties - Develop scientific temper, humanism, spirit of inquiry and

Infrastructure-A study of 188 government-run primary schools found that

Curriculum issues-Modern education in India is often criticized for being

Awareness ,Affordability and Accessibility to Education

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

Earlier known as National Literacy mission (NLM)

Residential upper primary schools for girl SC,ST,OBC,Minority

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

Urban poverty line (Rs) Tendulkar C.Rangarajan

per family of five, per month 5000 7035

Rural poverty line (Rs) Tendulkar C.Rangarajan

per family of five, per month 4080 4860*

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

Empowering Minds. Creating Opportunities.

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