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    Philosophical Theories of Self: Group 1 Omar Dela Pena Alaiza Mae Diasanta Annabelle Duka Mary Grace Valdez Jennil Dupan

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    Jhon dave Surbano
    This document discusses various philosophical theories of the self from classical antiquity to modern philosophy. It outlines perspectives on the self from thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty. Their views range from idealism which sees the real self as the soul rather than body, to empiricism which believes knowledge comes from experience rather than innate ideas, to existentialism which posits that we are our bodies and perception cannot separate subject from object.

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    Philosophical Theories of Self: Group 1 Omar Dela Pena Alaiza Mae Diasanta Annabelle Duka Mary Grace Valdez Jennil Dupan

    Uploaded by

    Jhon dave Surbano
    30 views11 pages
    This document discusses various philosophical theories of the self from classical antiquity to modern philosophy. It outlines perspectives on the self from thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty. Their views range from idealism which sees the real self as the soul rather than body, to empiricism which believes knowledge comes from experience rather than innate ideas, to existentialism which posits that we are our bodies and perception cannot separate subject from object.

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    PHILOSOPHICAL_THEORIES_OF_SELF

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    This document discusses various philosophical theories of the self from classical antiquity to modern philosophy. It outlines perspectives on the self from thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty. Their views range from idealism which sees the real self as the soul rather than body, to empiricism which believes knowledge comes from experience rather than innate ideas, to existentialism which posits that we are our bodies and perception cannot separate subject from object.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    30 views11 pages

    Philosophical Theories of Self: Group 1 Omar Dela Pena Alaiza Mae Diasanta Annabelle Duka Mary Grace Valdez Jennil Dupan

    Uploaded by

    Jhon dave Surbano
    This document discusses various philosophical theories of the self from classical antiquity to modern philosophy. It outlines perspectives on the self from thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty. Their views range from idealism which sees the real self as the soul rather than body, to empiricism which believes knowledge comes from experience rather than innate ideas, to existentialism which posits that we are our bodies and perception cannot separate subject from object.

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    of 11

    PHILOSOPHICAL

    THEORIES OF GROUP 1

    SELF
    OMAR DELA PENA
    ALAIZA MAE DIASANTA
    ANNABELLE DUKA
    MARY GRACE VALDEZ
    JENNIL DUPAN
    PHILOSOPHY OF THE
    SELF
     Philosophy is often called “the mother of all disciplines”.
     Ancient philosophers attempted to explain natural and social
    phenomenon, coming up with their own definitions of how
    the world works and what factors contribute to such
    phenomena.
     The self has been defined as “a unified being, essentially
    connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency”.
    CLASSICAL
     Socrates believed the real self is not the physical body, but rather the psyche(or
    ANTIQUITY

    soul).
    Plato, Socrates’ student, was the one who thoroughly expounded on Socrates’ ideas
    of the self.
     Phaedrus – a popular text for many decades in the subject of philosophy. The main
    idea of the dialogue is that the truth can be distinguished in two forms; the
    metaphysical realm (mind) and the physical world (body)
     Plato bifurcated the truth or reality into two; the ontos (ideal), the ultimate reality
    which tends to be permanent and spiritual, and the phenomena which refers to the
    manifestation of the ideal. Compared to ontos, phenomena, is imperfect and
    permanent and inferior.
    CLASSICAL
    ANTIQUITY
    Aristotle expounded and formalized even more the idea of truth

    about the human self.
     The philosophy of the self has been defined through two distinct
    lens; empiricism and rationalism.
     Empiricism – there is no such thing that is innate knowledge.
     Rationalism – there is innate knowledge. It explains self from a
    stand point of what is “ideal” and “true”.
     As stated by Fromm, “you can only understand humans in the
    context of their history”.
    TOWARDS MODERN
    PHILOSOPHER ORIENTATION PHILOSOPHY DESCRIPTION
    PHILOSOPHY CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
    SOCRATES IDEALISM SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY  Knowledge is the
    personification of good
    while ignorance is that of
    evil.
     Self – knowledge is the
    ultimate virtue. As the
    ultimate virtue, it will lead
    to happiness.

    PLATO IDEALISM DUALISM AND IDEALISM  Moral virtue is rooted in


    intellect and leads to
    happiness.
     Wisdom and knowledge
    lead to virtue which will
    lead to happiness.
    ARISTOTLE EMPIRICIST ARISTOTELIAN  Ideal is found inside the
    PHILOSOPHY phenomena and the
    universals inside the
    particulars.
     Ideals are essence and
    phenomena is matter.
     Matter has no form,
    essence has no mass.
     Matter and essence need
    each other.

    MIDDLE AGES

    ST. AUGUSTINE PLATONISM NEO-PLATONISM  All knowledge leads to


    God, only the pure in heart
    can see God, laugh of god,
    faith in Him, and
    understanding of His
    Gospel will ultimately lead
    to happiness.
    RENAISSANCE
    RENE DESCARTES RATIONALIST MIND-BODY DUALISM  “ I think, therefore, I am.”
     The mind and soul can
    exist without the body.
     Establishing the distinction
    soul from the body can
    make people believe in the
    afterlife and the soul
    immortality.

    JOHN LOCKE EMPIRICIST THEORY OF PERSONAL  It is in consciousness alone


    IDENTITY that identity exist, not in the
    body and soul.
     There is a distinction
    between man and person.
     The soul may change but
    consciousness remains
    intact.
    DAVID HUME EMPIRICIST ESKEPTICAL  All knowledge passes
    PHILOSOPHY through the senses.
     Separate ideas can be
    joined in the mind.
     There is no self, only a
    bundle of perceptions.

    IMMANUEL KANT RATIONALIST OR METAPHYSICS OF THE  Reason is the final


    EMPERICIST SELF authority of morality.
     There is inner self and
    outer self.
     The inner self includes
    rational reasoning and
    psychological state.
     The outer self includes the
    body and physical minds
    where representation
    occurs.
    GILBERT RYLE EMPIRICIST THE CONCEPT OF MIND  “I act, therefore, I am.”
     The mind is not the seat of
    self. It is not a separate -
    parallel to our physical
    body.
     The mind is a category
    mistake, brought about
    habitual use. The only way
    it can affect the other, is
    through the external world.

    PATRICIA EMPIRICIST NEUROPHILOSOPHY  A fully matured


    CHURCHLAND neuroscience will
    eliminate the need for
    beliefs since “they are not
    real”.
     The physical brain gives us
    a sense of self.
    MAURICE MERLEAU EXISTENCIALIST PHENOMENOLOGY OF  Both empiricism and
    PONTY EMPIRICIST PERCEPTION intellectualism are flawed
    in nature.

     “We are our bodies.”

     Our bodily experiences do


    not detach the subject or
    object, mind or body,
    rational or irrational.
    THAT’S ALL
    THANK YOU!

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