Mic 3

Microcontroller – 2
PIC
Various companies
• Freescale semiconductor’s –x Motorola]
68HC11
• Intel – 8051
• Atmel – AVR
• Zilong – Z8
• Microchip technology – PIC
• etc.
PIC – Peripheral Interface Controller
by Microchip Tech. Corp.
• Peripheral?
• Interface?
• Controller?
PIC Microcontrollers
• Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) was
originally designed by General Instruments
• In the late 1970s, GI introduced PIC® 1650 and
1655 – RISC with 30 instructions.
• PIC was sold to Microchip
• Features: low-cost, self-contained, 8-bit, Harvard
structure, pipelined, RISC, single accumulator,
with fixed reset and interrupt vectors.
Dr. Gheith Abandah 4

PIC Families
PIC Family Stack Size Instruction No of Interrupt
Word Size Instructions Vectors
12CX/12FX 2 12- or 14-bit 33 None
16C5X/16F5X 2 12-bit 33 None
16CX/16FX 8 14-bit 35 1
17CX 16 16-bit 58 4
18CX/18FX 32 16-bit 75 2
‘C’ implies CMOS technology; Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
‘F’ insert indicates incorporation of Flash memory technology
Example: 16C84 was the first of its kind. It was later reissued as the 16F84,
incorporating Flash memory technology. It was then reissued as 16F84A.

12 Series PIC
The small 12F508

PIC 12F508/509 pin connection diagram

The 12F508 Architecture

Microchip is the no. 1 supplied of 8-bit
microcontrollers!
• 8 pins
• Small Data RAM
• Few hundred bytes of on-chip (program [code]) ROM
• One timer
• Few pins for I/O ports
• 8-bit processor – CPU can work on only 8-bits of data
at a time
Q: if data is larger than 8 bits?
 Break it into 8-bit pieces to be processed by the CPU
PIC… - Upwardly compatible in terms of
software, when going from one family to
another family?
• Not always – prob!

• E.g.,
– PIC12xxx has 12-bit wide instructions
– PIC16xxx has 14-bit wide instructions
– PIC18xxx has 16-bit wide instructions & many new instructions
*So, to run a prog in PIC18 – but written for PIC12
– we MUST recompile the prog, &
– possibly change some register locations before loading it into
the PIC18.
PIC18xxx
• Highest-performance 8-bit microcontroller
• ~ 18- to 80-pin packages
• Now, no 8-pin versions of PIC18 [others have]
Q. RISC or CISC architecture?
– RISC!
PIC18
• RISC
• Data RAM
• On-chip (program [code]) ROM
• Data EEPROM - Q. What is EEPROM?
• I/O ports
• Peripherals – e.g.,
– Timers
– ADC – Q. What is ADC?
– USART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
Read
• Simplified view of a PIC microcontroller
• PIC18, PIC16 block diagrams
ROM – why?
• To store programs
– hence, called program/code ROM
• PIC18 has 2MB of prog ROM space
• This ROM type may be of –
– Flash
– OTP
– Masked
[more in Ch. 14]
PIC mcc with UV-EPROM
• Need PROM burner
• Need UV-EPROM eraser to erase the contents of
ROM
• The window of the U…M chip allows the UV
light to erase the roM
• ~20min to erase the chip before it can be
programmed again
hence, need flash version of the PIC family
[see Table 1-2]
PIC18Fxxx with flash memory
• F – for flash
• Flash version can erase in seconds
• Need a ROM burner that supports flash mem
• But a ROM eraser is not needed, as flash is an
EEPROM [electrically-
• An embedded system is a product that has one or more
computers embedded within it, which exercise primarily a
control function.
• The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a

microprocessor adapted for embedded control applications.
• Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted

electronic and computer principles, and are fundamentally
made up of microprocessor core, memory and peripherals.
• Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers,
divided into a number of different families. Each
family has identical central architecture and
instruction set. However, common features also
appear across all their microcontrollers.
• The Microchip 12F508 is a good microcontroller to

introduce a range of features of microcontrollers in
general and of PIC microcontrollers in particular.

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Microcontroller – 2

Dr. Gheith Abandah 4

‘C’ implies CMOS technology; Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

‘F’ insert indicates incorporation of Flash memory technology

Dr. Gheith Abandah 5

The small 12F508

Dr. Gheith Abandah 6

Dr. Gheith Abandah 7

Dr. Gheith Abandah 8

• Not always – prob!

• The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a

• Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted

• The Microchip 12F508 is a good microcontroller to

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