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    Methods of Translation

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    Carlos Samuel Quimbenze
    There are eight types of translation: word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptive translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation. Word-for-word translation maintains the source language word order and translates words based on their most common meanings. Literal translation converts the source language grammatical structures to the nearest target language equivalents while translating lexical items out of context. Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original text in a way that is readily acceptable and comprehensible to the target language readership.

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    Methods of Translation

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Samuel Quimbenze
    53 views9 pages
    There are eight types of translation: word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptive translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation. Word-for-word translation maintains the source language word order and translates words based on their most common meanings. Literal translation converts the source language grammatical structures to the nearest target language equivalents while translating lexical items out of context. Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original text in a way that is readily acceptable and comprehensible to the target language readership.

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    Methods-of-Translation

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    There are eight types of translation: word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptive translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation. Word-for-word translation maintains the source language word order and translates words based on their most common meanings. Literal translation converts the source language grammatical structures to the nearest target language equivalents while translating lexical items out of context. Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original text in a way that is readily acceptable and comprehensible to the target language readership.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    53 views9 pages

    Methods of Translation

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Samuel Quimbenze
    There are eight types of translation: word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptive translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation. Word-for-word translation maintains the source language word order and translates words based on their most common meanings. Literal translation converts the source language grammatical structures to the nearest target language equivalents while translating lexical items out of context. Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original text in a way that is readily acceptable and comprehensible to the target language readership.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    There are eight types of

    translation:
    word-for-word translation, literal
    translation, faithful translation,
    semantic translation, adaptive
    translation, free translation,
    idiomatic translation, and
    communicative translation.
    Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 1
    Word For Word translation:

    The SL word order is preserved
    and the words translated by their
    most common meanings. Cultural
    words are translated literally. The
    main use of this method is either to
    understand the mechanics of the
    source language or to construe a
    difficult text as pre-translation
    process.
    Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 2
    Literal translation:

    The SL grammatical constructions
    are converted to their nearest TL
    equivalents but the lexical items
    are again translated out of context.
    As pre-translation process, it
    indicates problems to be solved.

    Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 3


    Faithful translation:

    It attempts to reproduce the precise
    contextual meaning of the original
    within the constraints of the
    Translation grammatical structures. It
    transfers cultural words and
    preserves the degree of grammatical
    and lexical deviation from Second
    Language norms. It attempts to be
    completely faithful to the intentions
    and the text-realisation of the Second
    Language writer.
    Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 4
    Semantic translation:

    It differs from faithful translation only in as far as it must
    take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text,
    compromising on 7meaning where appropriate so that
    no assonance, word play or repetition jars in the finished
    version. It does not rely on cultural equivalence and
    makes very small concessions to the readership. While
    `faithful' translation is dogmatic, semantic translation is
    more flexible.

    Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 5


    Communicative translation:

    It attempts to render the exact contextual
    meaning of the original in such a way that
    both language and content are readily
    acceptable and comprehensible to the
    readership.

    Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 6


    Idiomatic translation:

    It reproduces the message of the original
    but tends to distort nuances of meaning by
    preferring colloquialisms and idioms.

    Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 7


    Free translation:

    It reproduces the matter without the
    manner, or the content without the form of
    the original. Usually it is a paraphrase
    much longer than the original.

    Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 8


    Adaptation:

     This is the freest form of translation mainly


    used for plays and poetry: themes/
    characters/ plots preserved, SL culture
    converted to TL culture & text is rewritten.
    (From A Textbook of Translation by P.
    Newmark)

    Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 9

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