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    Skull: Presented by Dr. Amen Fatima BSPT, TDPT (Uhs)

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    naeemkashif
    The skull is made up of multiple bones that come together at sutures. It protects the brain and is divided into the cranium and facial bones. The cranium contains the calvarium and cranial base. It encloses the brain, meninges and vessels. In infants, fontanelles exist between incompletely fused bones. Several bones come together at key points like the pterion, which is a common site of fracture due to being a natural weak point in the skull.

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    Skull: Presented by Dr. Amen Fatima BSPT, TDPT (Uhs)

    Uploaded by

    naeemkashif
    50 views21 pages
    The skull is made up of multiple bones that come together at sutures. It protects the brain and is divided into the cranium and facial bones. The cranium contains the calvarium and cranial base. It encloses the brain, meninges and vessels. In infants, fontanelles exist between incompletely fused bones. Several bones come together at key points like the pterion, which is a common site of fracture due to being a natural weak point in the skull.

    Original Title

    Skull- part 1

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    The skull is made up of multiple bones that come together at sutures. It protects the brain and is divided into the cranium and facial bones. The cranium contains the calvarium and cranial base. It encloses the brain, meninges and vessels. In infants, fontanelles exist between incompletely fused bones. Several bones come together at key points like the pterion, which is a common site of fracture due to being a natural weak point in the skull.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    50 views21 pages

    Skull: Presented by Dr. Amen Fatima BSPT, TDPT (Uhs)

    Uploaded by

    naeemkashif
    The skull is made up of multiple bones that come together at sutures. It protects the brain and is divided into the cranium and facial bones. The cranium contains the calvarium and cranial base. It encloses the brain, meninges and vessels. In infants, fontanelles exist between incompletely fused bones. Several bones come together at key points like the pterion, which is a common site of fracture due to being a natural weak point in the skull.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    SKULL

    Presented by
    Dr. Amen Fatima
    BSPT, tDPT (UHS)
    Contents

    • Anatomical Position of skull


    • Normas of the skull
    • Bones of skull
    • Sutures of the skull
    • Cranial fossas
    • Cranial foraminas
    • Structures passing through foraminas
    Anatomical Position of the skull
    Views of Skull
    Parts
    • The skull is a bony
    structure that supports the
    face and forms a protective
    cavity for the brain.
    • Bones are joined
    by sutures (fibrous joints).
    • Divided into two groups:
    the cranium (skullcap
    known as the calvarium,
    and the cranial base) and
    those of the face
    The Cranium
    • The cranium (also known as the neurocranium), is formed
    by the superior aspect of the skull. It encloses and protects
    the brain, meninges and cerebral vasculature.
    • Anatomically, the cranium can be subdivided into
    a roof (known as the calvarium), and a base:
    • Calvarium: Comprised of the frontal, occipital and two
    parietal bones.
    • Cranial base: Comprised of six bones – the
    frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, occipital, parietal and temporal
    bones.
    The cranium
    Norma Frontalis (Anterior View)

    Facial Skeleton consists


    of 14 irregular bones:

    Lacrimal 2
    Nasal 2
    Maxillae 2
    Zygomatic 2
    Palatine 2
    Inferior conchae 2
    Mandible 1
    Vomer 1
    Sutures of the Skull
    • Sutures are a type of fibrous joint that are unique to the skull.
    They are immovable, and fuse completely around the age of
    20.
    • Sutures are of clinical importance, as they can be points of
    potential weakness in both childhood and adulthood.  The
    main sutures in adulthood are:
    • Coronal suture which fuses the frontal bone with the two
    parietal bones.
    • Sagittal suture which fuses both parietal bones to each other.
    • Lambdoid suture which fuses the occipital bone to the two
    parietal bones.
    Fontanelle
    • In neonates, the incompletely fused suture joints give
    rise to membranous gaps between the bones, known as
    fontanelles.
    • The two major fontanelles are the frontal
    fontanelle (located at the junction of the coronal and
    sagittal sutures) and the occipital fontanelle (located at
    the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures)
    • Clinically fontanelle assist in molding of skull during
    birth
    • In adults frontal/Anterior fontanelle is called Bregma
    • In adults Occipital/Posterior fontanelle is called
    Lambda
    Anterior & Posterior Fontanelle
    Fontanelle

    • Posterior fontanelle closes about 2


    months after birth
    • Anterior fontanelle closes in 2nd year
    8 bones form
    the adult’s
    1
    Neurocranium

    Glabella
    Frontal Metopic suture
    Parietal 2
    Temporal 2
    Occipital 1
    Sphenoid1
    Ethmoid 1
    Norma Occipitalis/Posterior
    Norma Verticalis/Superior View
    Norma Lateralis
    LANDMARKS on Lateral side of head
    • The zygomatic bone forms the prominence of
    the cheek
    • The zygomatic arch bridges the gap between
    eye and the ear.
    • It is formed anteriorly by the temporal
    process of zygomatic bone.
    • It is formed posteriorly by zygomatic process
    of the temporal bone
    LANDMARKS on Lateral side of head

    • The mastoid process is large bony


    prominence situated behind the lower part of
    the auricle
    • The inferior temporal line forms the upper
    boundary of the temporal fossa which is filled
    up by the temporalis muscle
    Clinical Relevance of Pterion
    • There are certain areas of the skull that are natural
    points of weakness:
    • The pterion: a ‘H-shaped’ junction between
    temporal, parietal, frontal and sphenoid bones. The
    thinnest part of the skull.
    • A fracture here can lacerate an underlying artery (the
    middle meningeal artery), resulting in a extradural
    haematoma.
    • Asterion: junction between temporal, parietal and
    occipital bone

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