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Introduction To Geology: Bernabe, Aphrodite R. Catubig, Lyka Denisse D

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The document provides an introduction to the field of geology, describing it as the study of the solid Earth, rocks, and processes that change the Earth. It discusses key figures in the history of geology like James Hutton, and outlines the main subdisciplines and goals of studying geology, which include understanding Earth's evolution and minimizing environmental risks. The document also summarizes the composition and types of Earth materials like minerals, rocks, and the geologic time scale.

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Introduction To Geology: Bernabe, Aphrodite R. Catubig, Lyka Denisse D

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denisse
68 views9 pages
The document provides an introduction to the field of geology, describing it as the study of the solid Earth, rocks, and processes that change the Earth. It discusses key figures in the history of geology like James Hutton, and outlines the main subdisciplines and goals of studying geology, which include understanding Earth's evolution and minimizing environmental risks. The document also summarizes the composition and types of Earth materials like minerals, rocks, and the geologic time scale.

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Introduction to Geology

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Geology

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The document provides an introduction to the field of geology, describing it as the study of the solid Earth, rocks, and processes that change the Earth. It discusses key figures in the history of geology like James Hutton, and outlines the main subdisciplines and goals of studying geology, which include understanding Earth's evolution and minimizing environmental risks. The document also summarizes the composition and types of Earth materials like minerals, rocks, and the geologic time scale.

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68 views9 pages

Introduction To Geology: Bernabe, Aphrodite R. Catubig, Lyka Denisse D

Uploaded by

denisse
The document provides an introduction to the field of geology, describing it as the study of the solid Earth, rocks, and processes that change the Earth. It discusses key figures in the history of geology like James Hutton, and outlines the main subdisciplines and goals of studying geology, which include understanding Earth's evolution and minimizing environmental risks. The document also summarizes the composition and types of Earth materials like minerals, rocks, and the geologic time scale.

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Introduction to Geology

BERNABE, APHRODITE R.

C AT U B I G , LY K A D E N I S S E D .

1CE - 3
What is Geology?
• It is the study of:
• The solid Earth.
• The rocks that made up
the Earth.
• The processes that
change the Earth.
Who is James Hutton?
Hutton lived from (1726-1797).
Hutton study for 30 years in Scotland and England.
Hutton proposed uniformitarianism and also wrote the Theory of Earth. He is known as the
Father of Geology.
Three sub disciplines of Geology
1. Physical (the study of Earth materials and processes)

2. Historical (the study of the origin and development of the Earth)

3. Environmental (the interrelationship of humans and the Earth).


Why Study Earth?
The study of the Earth brings mathematics, chemistry and physics alive.
Valuable Resources
Understanding of the evolution of our environment and the life within it.
Minimization of environmental risks.
 Earthquakes
 Volcanoes
 slope failures
 damaging storms.
 Climate Change

To recognize how our activities have altered the environment in many ways
Restoration of overly-consumed natural resources.
Composition of Earth
The solid Earth is composed of rocks and minerals. These
two words are often lumped together, but they mean
different things.

◦ Minerals are naturally occurring crystalline compounds that can be


defined by a specific chemical composition.
◦ Rocks are solid aggregates or mixtures of one or more minerals.
Types of Rocks
1. IGNEOUS ROCKS – develop as molten magma cools and crystallizes.
◦ Plutonic Rocks (intrusive) - can be identified by their coarsely crystalline appearance, since crystals can grow large enough to see during the long cooling
process deep in the crust.
◦ Volcanic Rocks (extrusive) - most often have a very fine crystalline structure because of rapid cooling, so that visible crystals are rare or absent (they are
visible in a microscope however, with the exception of volcanic glass).

2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS - form as a result of weathering and erosion at the surface of the Earth
◦ Clastic (or detrital) sedimentary rocks are composed of fragments of previously existing rocks and are classified by the size of the grains (coarse, medium or
fine).
◦ Chemical sedimentary rocks are the products of chemical reactions such as when seawater evaporates (rock salt is a common example) and are classified on
the basis of mineral content.
◦ Biogenic sedimentary rocks form as the result of organic processes, such as the growth of a coral reef (forming limestone), or the accumulation of decayed
plant material in a swamp (forming coal and peat).

3. METAMORPHIC ROCKS - form when previously existing rocks are buried deeper in the crust, subjecting them to extreme heat and pressure.
Geologic Time Scale

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