Organization and

Management
Activity #7
2nd Quarter
Observe the pictures below.

What do you think the different pictures

represents?
Do you know those roles?
I just want to know….
• Why do you think we need motivation?

• What is your about leadership styles?

• Is it really important to communicate?

Why?
• Identify the different theories of
motivation.

• Differentiate styles of leadership.

• Appreciate the role of communication in

directing people within the organization.
 Essential Question
• Why do we need to study the
different roles in
directing/leading?
 Content

“Different Roles in
Directing/Leading”
What is motivation?
• Stated simply, motivation is the driving force
behind all people's actions. Behavioral
psychologists have conducted research
investigating why people behave the way they
do. Entrepreneurs who understand the theories
that were developed from this research about
what makes people tick learn how to motivate
purchasers to buy their products and use their
services. Employers also want to find the key that
motivates workers to work diligently and
productively.
Theories of Motivation
• Taylor's Theory of Scientific Management
• Frederick Taylor's theory of motivation states that
most workers are motivated solely by the pay
they receive for the work they do. He postulated
that most workers do not enjoy the work they do
and only perform when given the direct reward of
monetary payment. His ideas were adopted by
Henry Ford and other industrialists who paid their
factory workers according to the number of items
produced. This theory lost favor as workers
became frustrated and production was frequently
halted due to strikes by disgruntled employees.
• Mayo's Theory of Human Relations
• Elton Mayo's theory of motivation examined the
social needs of the worker. He believed that pay
alone was not sufficient to motivate employees
to put forth their best effort. He believed that the
social needs of the workers should be taken into
consideration. He recommended employers treat
their workers in a caring and humane fashion
that demonstrates an interest in the individual in
order to have them produce their best work.
• Maslow and Herzberg's Theory of Human Needs
• Abraham Maslow and Frederick Irving Herzberg
believed that psychological forces drive human
behavior. Their theory postulated a graduated
scale of human needs ranging from basic,
physical ones such as hunger and thirst to higher
level ones such as the need to be loved and the
need for self-fulfillment. They believed
employers would see better results from workers
if they recognized the various needs of individual
workers and if they varied the rewards offered to
them.
• Different types of leadership styles exist in work
environments. Advantages and disadvantages exist
within each leadership style. The culture and goals of
an organization determine which leadership style fits
the firm best. Some companies offer several
leadership styles within the organization, dependent
upon the necessary tasks to complete and
departmental needs.
• Laissez-Faire
• A laissez-faire leader lacks direct supervision of
employees and fails to provide regular feedback to those
under his supervision. Highly experienced and trained
employees requiring little supervision fall under the
laissez-faire leadership style. However, not all employees
possess those characteristics. This leadership style
hinders the production of employees needing
supervision. The laissez-faire style produces no leadership
or supervision efforts from managers, which can lead to
poor production, lack of control and increasing costs.
• Autocratic
• The autocratic leadership style allows managers to make
decisions alone without the input of others. Managers
possess total authority and impose their will on
employees. No one challenges the decisions of
autocratic leaders. Countries such as Cuba and North
Korea operate under the autocratic leadership style. This
leadership style benefits employees who require close
supervision. Creative employees who thrive in group
functions detest this leadership style.
• Participative
• Often called the democratic leadership style, participative
leadership values the input of team members and peers,
but the responsibility of making the final decision rests
with the participative leader. Participative leadership
boosts employee morale because employees make
contributions to the decision-making process. It causes
them to feel as if their opinions matter. When a company
needs to make changes within the organization, the
participative leadership style helps employees accept
changes easily because they play a role in the process. This
style meets challenges when companies need to make a
decision in a short period.
• Transactional
• Managers using the transactional leadership style
receive certain tasks to perform and provide rewards or
punishments to team members based on performance
results. Managers and team members set
predetermined goals together, and employees agree to
follow the direction and leadership of the manager to
accomplish those goals. The manager possesses power
to review results and train or correct employees when
team members fail to meet goals. Employees receive
rewards, such as bonuses, when they accomplish goals.
• Transformational
• The transformational leadership style depends on high
levels of communication from management to meet
goals. Leaders motivate employees and enhance
productivity and efficiency through communication and
high visibility. This style of leadership requires the
involvement of management to meet goals. Leaders
focus on the big picture within an organization and
delegate smaller tasks to the team to accomplish goals.
• Effective Communication is significant for managers in the
organizations so as to perform the basic functions of
management, i.e., Planning, Organizing, Leading and
Controlling.
• Communication helps managers to perform their jobs and
responsibilities. Communication serves as a foundation for
planning. All the essential information must be
communicated to the managers who in-turn must
communicate the plans so as to implement them.
Organizing also requires effective communication with
others about their job task. Similarly leaders as managers
must communicate effectively with their subordinates so as
to achieve the team goals. Controlling is not possible
without written and oral communication.
• Managers devote a great part of their time in
communication. They generally devote approximately 6
hours per day in communicating. They spend great time
on face to face or telephonic communication with their
superiors, subordinates, colleagues, customers or
suppliers. Managers also use Written Communication
in form of letters, reports or memos wherever oral
communication is not feasible.
• Thus, we can say that “effective communication is a
building block of successful organizations”. In other
words, communication acts as organizational blood.
• The importance of communication in an organization
can be summarized as follows:
1. Communication promotes motivation by informing and
clarifying the employees about the task to be done, the
manner they are performing the task, and how to
improve their performance if it is not up to the mark.
2. Communication is a source of information to the
organizational members for decision-making process as
it helps identifying and assessing alternative course of
actions.
3. Communication also plays a crucial role in altering
individual’s attitudes, i.e., a well informed individual
will have better attitude than a less-informed
individual. Organizational magazines, journals,
meetings and various other forms of oral and written
communication help in molding employee’s attitudes.

4. Communication also helps in socializing. In today’s life

the only presence of another individual fosters
communication. It is also said that one cannot survive
without communication.
5. As discussed earlier, communication also assists in
controlling process. It helps controlling
organizational member’s behavior in various ways.
There are various levels of hierarchy and certain
principles and guidelines that employees must
follow in an organization. They must comply with
organizational policies, perform their job role
efficiently and communicate any work problem and
grievance to their superiors. Thus, communication
helps in controlling function of management.
• An effective and efficient communication system
requires managerial proficiency in delivering and
receiving messages. A manager must discover
various barriers to communication analyze the
reasons for their occurrence and take preventive
steps to avoid those barriers. Thus, the primary
responsibility of a manager is to develop and
maintain an effective communication system in the
organization.
Size up Activity ( Individual Activity)
Essay (5 points each)
Copy and Answer
1. Differentiate the 3 motivational theories.
2. Enumerate and give a simple explanation
about 5 types of leadership.
3. What is the importance of
communication in an organization?
 Gospel Values
• Perseverance

• “Then you will not be sluggish, but will

imitate those who through faith and
patience inherit what has been promised.”
-Hebrews 6:12