The IT Landscape 2018

The IT Landscape
Charanpreet Singh
ITM Session 1 & 2

Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information
Technology Association of America (ITAA):
"the study, design, development, implementation, support or

management of computer-based information systems, particularly
software applications and computer hardware.“
In short, IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer

software to
convert
store
protect
process
transmit and
retrieve information, securely.
Information technology - definition
In this definition, the term "information"

can usually be replaced by "data" without
loss of meaning
Recently it has become popular to

broaden the term to explicitly include the
field of electronic communication
Information and Knowledge
Information consists of
facts and data
organized to describe a particular situation or
condition
.
Knowledge consists of
facts, truths, and beliefs, perspectives and
concepts, judgments and expectations,
methodologies and know-how
Knowledge is accumulated and integrated and

held over time to handle specific situations and
challenges.
We use knowledge to determine what a specific

situation means. Knowledge is applied to interpret
information about the situation and to decide how
to handle it
Computing - A Historical Perspective
First Commercial Computer: UNIVAC 1

• Universal Automatic Computer
• Used for Census Bureau, 1951
1970’s: Microchips
1981: The IBM Personal Computer
4 generations: vacuum tubes, microchips, IC’s,
VLSI
Group Work
What are the key current trends in corporate

computing?
Based on your reading of the Economic Times,

Business Standard, Business World and other
business publications and articles on the net,
identify the key trends in the use of IT in
organizations
Group Work
Who are the path-breakers in the world of IT?
Do some research and discover interesting facts

about the evolution of IT – the people who made
all the difference – how the Silicon Valley became
the Silicon Valley and why could that model not
be replicated anywhere else …
In the next class I will cold call students and ask
what they have dug up …
Group Work
The Architecture of an Enterprise
from the IT viewpoint
Business Strategy
Business Processes
Demand
Supply
Application Services
Manage
Infrastructure & control
Evolution of computing
IT Evolution
IT Evolution
IT terminology
IT Terminology
Cloud computing
A model for enabling convenient, on-demand

network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction
IT Terminology
IT Terminology
SaaS: Software as a Service
The software vendor develops a web-native

software application and hosts and operates
(either independently or through a third-party)
the application for use by its customers over
the Internet. Customers pay not for owning the
software itself but for using it
IT Terminology
SOA – Service Oriented Architecture
It is an architecture that relies on service-

orientation as its fundamental design
principle. In an SOA environment
independent services can be accessed
without knowledge of their underlying
platform implementation. These concepts
can be applied to business, software and
other types of producer/consumer
systems.
IT Terminology
Virtualization
A technique for hiding the physical characteristics of computing
resources from the way in which other systems, applications or
end-users interact with those resources: a single physical
resource (such as a server, an operating system, an
application, or storage device) appears to function as multiple
logical resources; or multiple physical resources (such as
storage devices or servers) appear as a single logical resource.
Virtualization 2.0: extending virtualization as the technique that
can make SaaS/ PaaS/ IaaS a reality
IT Terminology
IT Terminology
IT Terminology
According to Gartner, there will be nearly 26 billion

devices on the Internet of Things by 2020.
ABI Research estimates that more than 30 billion

devices will be wirelessly connected to the
Internet of Things (Internet of Everything) by 2020.
IT Terminology
• Web 2.0: a phrase coined by O’Reilly Media refers to a

perceived second generation of web-based communities
and hosted services — such as social networking sites,
wikis which facilitate collaboration and sharing between
users.
• Web 2.0 refers to changes in the ways software
developers and end-users use the web as a platform.
According to Tim O’Reilly, "Web 2.0 is the business
revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to
the internet as a platform, and an attempt to understand
the rules for success on that new platform”.
IT Terminology
• Utility computing: cloud computing or on demand

computing) is the packaging of computing resources, such
as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a
physical public utility (such as water or electricity).
• Quad Play: broadband, cable television, landlines and mobile

phones from one supplier
• IPTV: Internet Protocol Television – digital television service

through a network that may also give broadband
IT Terminology
• Three-dimensional printing or 3D printing (also

called additive manufacturing) is any of various
processes used to make a three-dimensional object.
In 3D printing, additive processes are used, in which
successive layers of material are laid down under
computer control. These objects can be of almost any
shape or geometry, and are produced from a 3D
model or other electronic data source. A 3D printer is
a type of industrial robot.
Tech trends 2017 - 2018
Intelligent systems
Learn
Adapt
Act autonomously
Artificial intelligence and Machine learning
AI (intelligent behavior by machines)

and machine learning (ML), which
include technologies such as deep
learning, neural networks and natural-
language processing, can encompass
more advanced systems that
understand, learn, predict, adapt and
potentially operate autonomously
Technologies driving Digital
Transformation
Transformation
Transformation
Technologies driving FinTech
A Blockchain Transaction
Blockchain
Decentralized ledger of all networks that ensures
• Enhanced
• reduced
• greater
• lower transaction
Cryptocurrency mining
The big shifts
All processes and content will be transformed from

physical and static to digital, mobile and virtual
The demand for simplicity, manageability and

adaptability will change how customers work and
organize, buy and use technology
It’s a horizontal, heterogeneous, networked world.

Standards are about connection and common
language
The big shifts
The focus will shift from IT infrastructure to

“everything as a service” … and eventually
from IT to BT (Business Technology)

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The IT Landscape

ITM Session 1 & 2

"the study, design, development, implementation, support or

In short, IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer

In this definition, the term "information"

Recently it has become popular to

Knowledge is accumulated and integrated and

We use knowledge to determine what a specific

First Commercial Computer: UNIVAC 1

What are the key current trends in corporate

Based on your reading of the Economic Times,

Who are the path-breakers in the world of IT?

Do some research and discover interesting facts

A model for enabling convenient, on-demand

The software vendor develops a web-native

SOA – Service Oriented Architecture

It is an architecture that relies on service-

According to Gartner, there will be nearly 26 billion

ABI Research estimates that more than 30 billion

• Web 2.0: a phrase coined by O’Reilly Media refers to a

• Utility computing: cloud computing or on demand

• Quad Play: broadband, cable television, landlines and mobile

• IPTV: Internet Protocol Television – digital television service

• Three-dimensional printing or 3D printing (also

AI (intelligent behavior by machines)

All processes and content will be transformed from

The demand for simplicity, manageability and

It’s a horizontal, heterogeneous, networked world.

The focus will shift from IT infrastructure to

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