A

DISSERTATION REPORT
ON

“TO UNDERSTAND THE CURRENT SCENARIO OF

DIGITAL MARKETING IN INDIA”

SUBMMITED TO

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF

MASTERS DEGREE COURSE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(M.B.A)

SUBMITTED BY

MR. PRITAM GANDHI

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. SWATI BANKAR

THROUGH

MIT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (CMSR)

CENTER FOR MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH,

PUNE 2015-2017
 DECLARATION
I, Mr. Pritam Nitin Gandhi, a student of MAEER`S MIT COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING (C.M.S.R) hereby declare that the project titled “TO UNDERSTAND
THE CURRENT SCENARIO OF DIGITAL MEDIA MARKETING IN INDIA.” has
been submitted by me to the SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY during year
2016-17, is an original work.

I confirm project report does not contain of commercial & confidential nature or
include personal information other than that which would normally be in the public
domain for which relevant permission has been obtained.

PRITAM GANDHI

MBA

(MARKETING)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A Dissertation report is a synthesis of student’s hard work & the

guidance received from virtue of their senior’s experience. An act of gratitude is that

the acknowledgement is blessing of well wishes to supporting guidance of

their rich experience, which enlightens, inspires & motivates to do something

valuable.

I also take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to DR.

ABHIJIT MANCHARKAR SIR, Head of the Department, MIT COE

CMSR, MBA Department, Pune, and to thank my internal guide PROF.

SWATI BANKAR for her guidance and encouragement.

Pritam Gandhi
 Date:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Dissertation Report entitled, “TO UNDERSTAND THE

CURRENT SCENARIO OF DIGITAL MEDIA MARKETING IN INDIA.” which is

being submitted herewith for the award of the degree of Master of Business

Administration (M.B.A) of Savitribai Phule Pune University, is the result of

the original research work completed by Pritam Nitin Gandhi under my

supervision and guidance.

Prof. Swati Bankar Dr. Abhijit Mancharkar

Project Guide H.O.D.
 INDEX

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE.

NO. NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 1-2
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3-4
3 OBJECTIVE & SCOPE 5

4 RESEARCH DESIGN & 6-26

METHODOLOGY
5 ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF 27-35
THE DATA
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS
6 & RECOMMENDATIONS 36-38
7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 39-41
ANNEXURE 42-45
 1) INTRODUCTION

Title of the Dissertation Report is “To Understand the current scenario of digital
media marketing in India” and Objectives of the Dissertation are to understand the change in
consumer buying behaviour in digital era. Methodology used for achieving these objectives is
a exploratory research. For achieving the objective, I have done one research using an online
questionnaire. The title for the research is “Understand the consumer buying behaviour of
Indian in digital era”.

Main findings of this Dissertation are given here. Indian customers are highly
information seekers. They collect more information about a product before buying it. Internet
penetration in India is key player for this phenomenon. Most of Indians are getting stimulus
through advertisements, but they are not reaching to end phase of customers purchase
journey, mainly in high involvement purchases. Brands are getting more touch point to reach
their target group in this digital era. More details about findings are given this report.

The successful completion of this Dissertation indicates that the future of marketing is
in the hands of digital. I conclude my research by quoting again that “Brands can’t sustain
without digital presence”

Advertising in business is a form of marketing communication used to encourage, persuade,

or manipulate an audience to take or continue to take some action. Most commonly, the
desired result is to drive consumer behaviour with respect to a commercial offering.
Advertising is defined by Richard F. Taflinger as “Advertising is the non-personal
communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about
products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media."

Advertising is normally done by a third party known as advertising agency. An advertising

agency is a service based business dedicated to creating, planning, and handling advertising
for its clients. An ad agency is independent from the client and provides an outside point of
view to the effort of selling the client's products or services. An agency can also handle
overall marketing and branding strategies and sales promotions for its clients. Types of ad
agencies are

 Full service agencies 


 Creative agencies 

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  Specialized agencies 

 In-house agencies 

 Digital agencies or new media agencies 

This report is completely discussing about digital or new media agencies. There was a time
when Television was the most popular medium for Marketer to promote, spread awareness
and generate leads for their products but now the trend has changed and Digital media has
taken its place. Main reason for this change was

 Traditional methods are expensive. Compared to digital marketing channels, you

could end up spending thousands of dollars more. 

 Traditional marketing channels fail to provide instant feedback and reports about who
saw or heard an ad, and took action. This data is collected long after the initial ad
impression is made (and still then, the statistics are far from exact numbers). 

Digital marketing, on the other hand, refers to marketing methods that allow organizations to
see how a campaign is performing in real-time, such as what is being viewed, how often, how
long, as well as other statistics such as sales conversions.

Digital Media Marketing or Digital Marketing

The term 'digital marketing' was first used in the 1990s. In the 2000s and the 2010s, digital
marketing became more sophisticated as an effective way to create a relationship with the
consumer that has depth and relevance.

Digital marketing was defined in Wikipedia as “marketing that makes use of electronic
devices (computers) such as personal computers, smart phones, cell phones, tablets and game
consoles to engage with customers. Digital marketing applies technologies or platforms such
as websites, e-mail, apps (classic and mobile) and social networks”.

Peoples often referred digital marketing as 'online marketing' or 'internet marketing' but it’s
wrong. Digital marketing revolves around the Internet, which explains why people tend to
believe that digital marketing and Internet marketing are synonymous. Nonetheless, they are
different. Internet marketing falls under the category of digital marketing. Internet marketing
encompasses digital marketing services such as search engine optimization, display
advertising, and email marketing.

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 2) LITERATURE REVIEW

The current literature on digital media marketing has mainly concentrated on

identifying the factors which affect the willingness of consumers to engage in Internet
shopping. In the domain of consumer behaviour research, there are general models of buying
behaviour that depict the process which consumers use in making a purchase decision. These
models are very important to marketers as they have the ability to explain and predict
consumers’ purchase behaviour.

The classic consumer purchasing decision-making theory can be characterized as a

continuum extending from routine problem-solving behaviours, through to limited problem-
solving behaviours and then towards extensive problem-solving behaviours [Schiff man et al.,
2001].

The traditional framework for analysis of the buyer decision process is a five-step
model. Given the model, the consumer progresses firstly from a state of felt deprivation
(problem recognition), to the search for information on problem solutions. The information
gathered provides the basis for the evaluation of alternatives. Finally, post-purchase
behaviour is critical in the marketing perspective, as it eventually affects consumers’
perception of satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the product/service.

This classic five stage model comprises the essence of consumer behaviour under
most contexts. Nevertheless, the management of marketing issues at each stage in the virtual
environment has to be resolved by individual E-marketers. Peterson et al. [1997] commented
that it is an early stage in Internet development in terms of building an appropriate dedicated
model of consumer buying behaviour. Decision sequences will be influenced by the starting
point of the consumer, the relevant market structures and the characteristics of the product in
question. Consumers' attitude towards online shopping is a prominent factor affecting actual
buying behaviour. (Source: Jarvenpaa Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, VOL. 6,
and NO.2, 2005)

Todd [1997] proposed a model of attitudes and shopping intention towards Internet
shopping in general. The model included several indicators, belonging to four major categories;
the value of the product, the shopping experience, the quality of service offered by the website
and the risk perceptions of Internet retail shopping. In the research conducted by Vellido et al.
[2000], nine factors associated with users' perception of online shopping were

3
extracted. Among those factors the risk perception of users was demonstrated to be the main
discriminator between people buying online and people not buying online.

Other discriminating factors were; control over, and convenience of, the shopping
process, affordability of merchandise, customer service and ease of use of the shopping site.
In another study, Jarvenpaa et al. [2000] tested a model of consumer attitude towards specific
webbase stores, in which perceptions of the store's reputation and size were assumed to affect
consumer trust of the retailer. The level of trust was positively related to the attitude toward
the store, and inversely related to the perception of the risks involved in buying from that
store. Jarvenpaa et al. [2000] concluded that the attitude and the risk perception affected the
consumer's intention to buy from the store.

Consumer risk perceptions and concerns regarding online shopping are mainly related to
aspects involving the privacy and security of personal information, the security of online
transaction systems and the uncertainty of product quality. Trust is interwoven with risk
[McAllister, 1995]. One of the consequences of trust is that it reduces the consumer’s
perception of risk associated with opportunistic behaviour by the seller [Ganesan, 1994].
Lack of trust is frequently reported as the reason for consumers not purchasing from Internet
shops, as trust is regarded as an important factor under conditions of uncertainty and risk in
traditional theories.

Mayer et al. [1995] developed a model which combines traditional marketing

philosophy on consumer motivation to buy and the trust model. In this model, trust
propensity; which is a personality trait possessed by buyers; is an important antecedent of
trust. In Internet shopping, there is not much information available to the buyer regarding the
seller, prior to purchase. A buyer with a high propensity to trust will more likely be a
potential customer than a buyer with a lower propensity. Mayer et al. [1995] proposed that
ability, benevolence and integrity constitute the main elements of trustworthiness. Ability
refers to skills, competencies and characteristics that a seller has in a specific domain. In this
context, sellers need to convince buyers of the competence of their companies in the Internet
shopping business. Benevolence is the extent to which the seller is perceived by the buyer as
wanting to ‘do well’. Sellers have to convince buyers that they genuinely want to do good
things for buyers, rather than just maximize profit.

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 3) OBJECTIVE & SCOPE

Scope of the Dissertation

1) To understand the element in digital media

2) To understand the effectiveness of branding through digital media

3) To understand the effort behind fulfilment of brands objective through campaigns

4) To choose appropriate media for communication

5) To maintain relationship with clients

This study is useful for determining the consumer buying behaviour of Indians. It can
able to help brands to reach their target group through appropriate media. It will present
an idea to brands, based on where to invest in achieve their marketing objectives.

Objectives of the study

Primary objective

 The main objective of the study is to understand the consumer buying journey in
Digital era. 

Secondary objectives

 To know affinity in customers for collecting information before purchase. 


 To determine out the media, which is most important in creating stimulus in Indians? 

 To understand the media consumption of Indians. 

 To figure out how Indian will purchase a product. 

 To understand post purchase behaviour of Indian 

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 4) RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODOLOGY
Theoretical Foundation

India & internet population

India, with 1,270,272,105 (1.27 billion) people is the second most populous country in
the world, while China is on the top with over 1,360,044,605 (1.36 billion) people. The
figures show that India represents almost 17.31% of the world's population, which means one
out of six people on this planet live in India. Although, the crown of the world's most
populous country is on China's head for decades, India is all set to take the numerous
positions by 2030. With the population growth rate at 1.58%, India is predicted to have more
than 1.53 billion people by the end of 2016.

India is currently having online population of 350M, among them 60% are males and 40%
are females. In have 110 M mobile internet users, among them 80% are males and 20% are
females. 176M of the total internet population are part of Social Medias.

India has bypassed Japan to become the world’s third largest Internet user after China and the

United States, and its users are significantly younger than those of other emerging economies,
global digital measurement and analytics firm comScore has said in a report. Riding on a 31%
year-on-year increase, India’s online population grew to 73.9 million. With an extended
online universe in excess of 145 million the market is at a tipping point for online businesses.
The numbers are lower than other recent estimates, possibly reflecting comScore’s
methodology that only factors in PC and laptop-based Internet usage.

6
Gender Wise
India currently have online population of 350M, among them 60% are males and 40% are
females. In have 110 M mobile internet users, among them 80% are males and 20% are
females. 134M of the total internet population are part of Social Medias.

According to the Internet And Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), the Internet user base in
the country stood at 243 million at the end of June, 2015. For the whole year 2015, the
internet user base grew 44% to 350 million, from 180 million in 2014. With more and more
people accessing the web through mobile phones, the internet user base in the country is
projected to touch 400 million by June 2016, a year-on-year growth of 28%.

Younger males and women aged 35-44 emerge as power users

India males aged between “15-24” are major users among Males and in females 35-44 are
major users of internet. Age wise distributions are given below.

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Online Behaviour of Indian Internet Users
Trends in online behaviour are changed a lot, social networking is leading now. Early people
will use internet to access email and for searching information. But now people like to be
social, they are interested in sharing their life with others. 25% of the population are doing
social networking in India followed by 23% in services. Services include emailing and instant
messaging.

Mobile Internet Users

Internet penetration in India is driven largely by mobile phones, with some of the cheapest
and most basic hand-sets today offering access to the internet. According to IMAI, India has
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354 million mobile internet users of which 74 million are in rural India. The growth of
internet penetration in rural India is driven largely by the mobile phone; 70% of rural India's
active internet population access the web via mobile phones. This may have to do with the
difficulty in accessing PCs. Forty-two percent of rural India's internet users prefer using the
internet in local languages. The high prevalence of content in English is a hurdle for much of
rural India.

Research report of InMobi showing the behaviour mobile user in internet, 21% of their total
consumption is for Entertainment and Social Media, which followed by Games, General
Information Search and Email.

Social Networking
Social Networks capture the largest percentage of consumers’ time in the region. comScore
data’s showing 86% of the Indian web user visit a social networking site. Facebook continues
to be the number one social network with a 28% increase in traffic and a reach of 53%.
Average time spend by a Indian user on Facebook is 217 minutes. LinkedIn emerges as
number two, while Pinterest and Tumblr are the fastest growing networks but growth of
twitter is declined by 15% in 2015 while comparing with 2014.

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Number of Indian user on Social Networking Platform

Facebook- 125 Million Twitter – 23 Million LinkedIn- 18Million

Pinterest – 15 Million Instagram- 6 Million

(Source: exchange4media report, 2015)

4.5) Entertainment and Online Video

According to comScore data, the online video audience in India grew an astounding 27
percent in the past years; YouTube continues to be the top video property with more than
55% share. International publishers including Facebook, Yahoo and Dailymotion get a

10
majority of the 54 million who watched videos. YouTube is the most popular with 32,519
visitors.

Social Video report saying 46% of internet users watch brand related video every week. 54%
watching videos that are informative or entertaining often leads to a number of other positive
activities such as visiting the brand website. Peoples are now likely to regularly watch videos
using their smart phones. Almost six in ten internet users have gone to purchase an item after
seeing it in an online video.

4.6) Media Consumption of Indian’s

On an average Indian consumers are spending 6.10 hours in media per day. In traditional
media Indian audience spend only 195 min or 3.15 hours. If we see the breakup it will be
86min in television, 37 min in newspaper and 30 min in radio. Remaining 4.55 hours or 214
min in new media or digital media. Break up of new media will be like 102 min in mobile,
79min in online and 33 min in tablets.

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From a marketer’s view digital platform is very important because customers have more
presence in digital media. Customers are spending more time on digital, so it is easy to catch
customers in digital platform, more than that spending digital is much cost effective while
comparing with traditional.

Digital marketing
Digital marketing is the promotion of your business, organisation or brand using channels
such as the Internet, mobile devices, television and radio in addition to using creative online
advertising, video, podcasts and other such methods to communicate your message. Internet
marketing in particular plays a huge part in any digital marketing strategy and is becoming
the core of many organisations overall marketing strategies, particularly with regard to social
media and viral marketing.

Digital marketing ecosystem is not only concerned with internet marketing and social media
marketing, in introduction we discussed that peoples have a belief that internet or social
media marketing are same but not same, be clear from beginning itself. Digital marketing
ecosystem consists of internet marketing and social media marketing. They are just a
channels for communication, digital ecosystem consists of integrating channels and
integrating services.

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Digital Ecosystem

•Search Engine (SEO/SEM)

Integrated •Displays (Banners,Rich media Banners)

•Mobile Marketing
•Social media

Channels •Email
•Video
•Websites

•Analytics
Intergrated •Content management
•Advanced Targeting
•Creative

Services •Research + Planning

•Digital strategy

Search Engine
Search engine optimisation (SEO) is the art of getting a website to work better with search
engines (like Google, Bing & Yahoo), and to look for achievable, profitable, ranking
opportunities through keyword research. It is a quest for increased visibility in search engines
via relevant copy, quality links, domain trust, social popularity and search engine
connectivity.

Search engine marketing (SEM) is a broader term than SEO, and is used to encompass
different options available to use a search engine’s technology, including paid ads. SEM is

often used to describe acts associated with researching, submitting and positioning a website
within search engines. It includes things such as search engine optimization, paid listings and
other search-engine related services and functions that will increase exposure and traffic to
your Web site.

Displays
Display advertising is a type of advertising that typically contains text (i.e., copy), logos,
photographs or other images, location maps, and similar items. In periodicals, display
advertising can appear on the same page as, or on the page adjacent to, general editorial
content. Normal banners, Rich media banner, Interstitials and pops are example of displays.

13
Mobile Marketing
Mobile marketing is used in reference to any marketing efforts on or with a mobile device. It
involves planning, creating, and implementing a mix of initiatives to bring together sellers
and buyers via mobile devices. Mobile ads, Mobile websites, Apps and Games are some of
examples for mobile marketing.

Social Media Marketing

Social Media refers to any software tool that enables and encourages engagement in
conversation or sharing. Popular forms of social media include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn,
YouTube, Pinterest, Google + and blogs. Now all days social media become platform for
marketer to make conversation with customers. Brands are now engaging customers through
social media.

email Marketing
email Marketing is a type of direct marketing that involves sending personalized, targeted
messages to a specific audience. email Marketing is easy to use, low cost, and effective. Most
of the B2B business in present era in following email marketing, but in B2C also email
marketing is productive.

Video
Marketers are now use video to make customers aware of brands and to sharing the
experience of other customers. YouTube ads are too popular in video ads. In social media
platforms also brands are sharing video.

Analysis
Analytics is the practice of evaluating data, and the process by which a company arrives at a
most advantageous decision. Here marketer analysis the integrate channel to understand the
effectiveness of communication. Analysis may be based on numbers of visitor or like in
social media pages Etc.

Content Management
After analysis the integrate channels marketer can able to understand the problems with
current contents. Later he can manage the content to increase the engagement rate, content
may be text in banners, images or websites.

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Advanced Targeting
Advanced targeting are techniques involving the sending of targeted messages to a specific
audience. It is used to increase the effectiveness of a marketing campaign. Behavioural
targeting is also a part of advanced targeting, here marketer can target the customer based on
their past behaviour in online. Marketer can put ads in other webpage where customer is
going.

Creative
Creative is the artistic component of an ad or website. It usually includes an image and copy
present in ads or website. Marketer can make those contents attractive to customers. Marketer
will sometimes change the entire design of websites, apps..Etc.

Research and Planning

Marketer will do some research to understand the behaviour, taste and preference to
customers in digital platform. This research may be doing by using paid-tools like
ComScore...Etc. Through this research marketer can understanding where T.G is present or
what T.G would to do in online. After research marketer will plan new campaigns based on
those research reports. These campaigns are more effective to reach the T.G properly.

Digital Strategy
Digital strategy is the process of specifying an organization's vision, goals, opportunities and
initiatives in order to maximize the business benefits through digital media. Strategy will be
different for each brand, it will base on the brand objective and target groups interest. It is
actual a plan formulated by the marketer to explore the opportunities. Strategy may be short
term or long term, but it need to be fit with market situations.

Types of Digital Marketing

In normal outbound marketing, we will use pull and push marketing strategy. Like that in
digital marketing also pull and push are types.

In Push digital marketing the marketer sends a message without the recipient actively
seeking the content, such as display advertising on websites and news blogs. Email, text
messaging and web feeds with customized contents can also be classed as push digital
marketing when the recipient has not actively sought the marketing message. Push marketing
allows you to target your demographics and use your marketing dollars to promote your
product to the people you know are interested in what you have to sell. A push marketing

15
campaign can be more expensive when it comes to upfront costs, so you really need to be
sure that your marketing is going to reach the right people at the right time. Behaviour
targeting is good example for push digital marketing.

In Pull digital marketing includes blogging, email marketing, social media, info graphics and
other forms of visual messaging and search engine optimization (SEO). A pull marketing
campaign also includes public relations or other ways of reaching out to potential or already
realized customers who you want to keep engaged. While a pull marketing campaign can be
less expensive to get started, you will incur costs in other ways. For example, if you are
running a social media campaign, you will need to hire someone to manage your social media
and respond to people who leave comments or ask questions. Social media gets people
talking and that has a major impact on sales. Pull marketing also requires a greater
investment in time, but it gives you more ability to entertain your customers and educate
them about your company.

But don't get confused by seeing Email in push and pull, there is a difference. If marketer is
sending emails with customized content or banners to specific group of customers is push
digital marketing. If marketer is sending emails with the same content or banner to all
customers is pull digital marketing.

AIDMA as AISAS in Digital Era

AIDMA widely accepted model describing the psychological process leading up to the
consumer’s decision to purchase a product. This model is similar to AIDA model. The
AIDMA Model was first advocated by Roland Hall, an American economist, around 1920.

According to this model, there are five key processes: Attention, in which the consumer first
notices the product or advertisement, followed by Interest, Desire, Memory, and Action. This
model has been used extensively in the advertising and marketing industries.

Attraction Interest Desire Memory Action

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AISAS is a process model of consumers purchasing activities in the Internet age. AISAS is a
consumption behaviour model that has been advocated by Dentsu since 2004. It was
developed to observe behaviours based on the understanding that the Internet has become
prevalent, and that consumers now have access to environments in which they can obtain and
transmit information themselves.

In this model, the key processes are: Attention, in which the consumer first notices the
product or advertisement, followed by Interest. After this, the consumer Searches for
information, and then makes a purchase (Action), after which information is shared with
others. In comparison to “AIDMA,” the psychological process has become more compact,
and the Action process has expanded.

Attraction Interest Search Action Share

These changes are shown how presences in digital are important for brands. Brands can able
to create awareness and internet without digital. But it will not lead to action in current
scenario. Customers need more information in present era; they are information seeker and
always search for best deal. Brands can’t sustain without digital media.

Advantages of Digital Marketing

Digital Advertising is increasingly an inherent budgetary component of many organizations
today. Organizations of all sizes use the medium to promote their products and services. So
well, why do so many organizations use the medium? Simply put, it is due to the numerous
advantages that online advertising offers. These are discussed in the paragraphs ahead.

Reach - The ability of the online medium to target a certain demographic of users is one of
the greatest advantages of digital advertising. In addition, the geographical reach of the online
medium is far greater than that of traditional media. It’s not only cost effective to achieve a
wider geographic area but the ads can also be targeted to the desired audience. For example,
if an advertiser is keen on selling his or her products targeted to a certain demographic of
people, it is quite possible through online advertising. Digital advertising has matured to the

17
extent that web publishers, media agencies and advertisers themselves know the optimal
ways and websites for a certain category of products or services.

Measurement - With various tools becoming available, tracking effectiveness of ad

campaigns is becoming possible today. In other words, measuring Return of Investment
(ROI) is increasingly possible today. Organizations that were previously reluctant to spend
online, now realize that the online medium does offer means to alleviate any such fears.
Moreover, when properly designed online marketing campaigns generate the desired results,
advertisers are further encouraged to continue advertising online.

Interactive and Engagement - The Internet is arguably the most interactive and engaging
medium among various others. Interactive campaigns have become a norm with the power of
the online medium. One such advertisement worth mentioning is the campaign by AXE
where the end user could alter the smile of a woman as he/she liked to i.e. in an interactive
framework. The advertisement struck an instant chord with the youth to which AXE the
brand is positioned for Customers are basically just a click away from the advertisers. In
other words, direct response between end users and advertisers is possible through the online
medium.

Time - Through the Internet, an advertiser can reach a desired target group or demographic in
a much shorter time frame. For example, if an advertiser needs to plan some sort of ambush
marketing, the online medium can be an effective means of achieving it. Even otherwise i.e.
for regular marketing campaigns, the total time necessary to complete an online advertising
campaign is less than that of traditional advertising methods.

Cost - When compared to traditional forms of advertising, digital advertising is cheaper.

Various payment models are available between the advertisers and publishers. Many a time,
advertisers are charged only when visitors click on their ads. The various payment models are
discussed in detail in the next section.

Digital Advertising: Ad Avenues

SEARCH ADVERTISEMENTS: Advertisements made up of text (displayed largely as
sponsored links on search engines) come under this category. These are backed by hyperlinks
that when clicked on, take the potential customer to the advertisers website.

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DISPLAY ADVERTISEMENTS: Advertisements that are placed at various points on a web
page that typically contain logos, photographs, other images or even text. Technologically
these comprise of Image, Simple flash and Rich media with& without video ads.

MOBILE ADVERTISEMENTS: Advertisements that are viewed or consumed on mobile

phones or tablets come under this category. These comprise of Mobile Web ads, SMS, MMS,
Mobile Video & TV ads and In-App ads.

SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISEMENTS: Advertisements of any type: text, display, stamp

pads etc displayed on various social media websites like: Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn,
Pinterest, Orkut etc fall into this category.

EMAIL ADVERTISEMENTS: Advertisements that involve sending across a commercial

message to a group of people using email comprise of this ad type. Emails are used to engage
with existing customers to get repeat business as well as to acquire new customers.

VIDEO ADVERTISEMENTS: Advertisements that fall broadly under the display type but
have video within them and are served before, during and/or after a video stream on the
internet. This type comprises In-Video ads, Standard In-Stream ads (pre rolls, mid rolls or
post rolls) and TrueView ads.

Some of the Basic Terms in Digital Marketing

Impression

An impression is a measure of the number of times an ad is seen, whether it is clicked on or

not. Each time an ad displays it is counted as one impression.

Page View

Viewing the page is known as page view. It gets counted once the page loaded.

Leads

When one person fills his details in the given box is known as lead.

Conversion

The percentage of people whose activity can be tracked while clicking on an ad or visiting a
website to actually purchasing a product or service. A high conversion rate indicates that the
link, ad or site was successful

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Inbound link

Link connecting to your website from a different website.

Profiling

To build a picture of a target customer based on information from various sources including
customer transactions completed forms and demographic data.

Unique Visitor

Unique IP address accessing a website.

Landing Page

A custom we page designed to convert visitor into leads or sales. Email, banner ads and even
offline outbound marketing campaigns drive traffic to a landing page to capture information
or trigger a sale. Landing page is also called as destination page or splash page.

Types of ads
 Above The Fold: Above the fold refer to banners ads which are displayed at the top
of a web page. 

 Rich- media: Online ads that contain motion, sounds or video are termed as rich
media ads 

 Interstitial Ads: Ads that appears between web pages. 

 Banner Ads: Embedding an ad into a web page- known as a click through due to
interactive actions where the consumers clicks and is taken to the banner ad’s
company websites 

 Pop-up: Ads that displays in a browser window either in the front or behind the
current browser window. 

Monetary term in Digital Marketing

 Cost –Per- Action (CPA): Cost of advertising based on a visitor taking some
specifically defined action in response to an ad. “Action” include such thing as a 
sales, transaction, a customer acquisition or a click 

 Cost- Per -Click (CPC): Cost of advertising based on the number of clicks received. 

20
  Cost- Per-Thousand (CPM): The standard unit for buying or selling Internet
advertising. The thousand stands for ‘thousand advertising impression or views’. 

 Pay- Per- Impression: Online advertising where an advertiser pays a pre-agreed
price each time a user clicks on their advertisement. The cost for the click is often
negotiated through auction, with ad placement determined by the relative size of the
bid, as well as other factors. 

 Pay-Per-Inclusion: Search engine marketing programs that guarantee web site listing
for specific keyword search term for a fee. 

 Pay-Per-Lead: Paying to acquire leads from an outside party at a set rate or amount
per lead 

Branding in Digital Era

Before doing this Dissertation, I believed marketer is responsible for building a brand or
marketer is a custodian for a brand. But while doing Dissertation, I understood marketer is
not a custodian, he is a person who guides a product to become a brand.

Today, brand custodians are the connected users who exist across digital platforms. They are
multifaceted. They are the publishers, circulators, ambassadors, instigators and at the same
time they are the custodians as well. Their digitally connected existence has power,
credibility, influence, depth, and reach. Their digital messaging has the velocity, acceleration,
and momentum required to impact brands. Yet brands and their default custodians continue
to live blissfully in an illusion about the control they exercise over their brand.

Brand is an enabler in the current age. It is the participants, the brand conversations and the
platforms that amplify the brand and drive the brand philosophy. Businesses need to,
therefore, understand the consumers and the evolving digital sphere better and continue to
build brands within the digitally connected ecosystem by focusing on the following 3
elements-

21
 People

Channles Engagements

People

The digital age has democratized individuals. They are no longer passive consumers, but
active and creative participants. They expect and believe in the co-creation of an experience,
thereby evolving from consumers to users. They are becoming the most credible and reliable
source of the true picture of a brand.

Consumers are beginning to seek a relationship of fair exchange between themselves and the
businesses where each contributes and everyone gains. Individuals are seeking a
multidimensional relationship that provides them with more than just the brand
product/service.

The fair exchange relationship is also offering new opportunities to the business to build
more human connections. Businesses will have to become receptive to this new age
definition of relationship that consumers seek. They may do well to go a step ahead and
create an environment that is receptive to this fair relationship.

Channels

With consumers evolving into users and participating in co-creation, it is important for
brands to offer those channels and platforms that allow them to participate in this process.
Users are seeking channels that offer them more than just digital promotional activities; they
want channels that allow them the freedom to be publishers of content, information and data,
that give them control over what content they produce and consume, that allow them to co-
create brand experience.

The channels also need to be device agnostic. Users are adapting to the usage of different
devices throughout the day to execute tasks at hand. They might use a smartphone or tablet

22
to complete functional tasks etc. while on the move, but they use a PC for heavy content
creation and research. According to a google research, 90 percent of people move between
devices to accomplish a task, with virtually all of them completing their task in one day. The
most popular starting point is the smartphone. In most cases, the tasks are continued on a PC
though tablets are also becoming a popular option for continuing social networking and
watching videos.

Businesses and brands need to accept that it is the consumer who has become a more credible
publisher by virtue of their access to a device which is always on and active. Creating an
environment of device agnostic platforms and channels that allow co-creation of content
between brands and consumers will address this shift.

Engagement

It is about creating a window with enhanced attention to influence behaviour and

motivations. With every business eyeing the opportunity to engage users, it is critical to focus
on engagement by increasing brand salience and influencing buyer behaviour and choice.
Brands should be able to map a customer’s journey to understand where they can add value
and create an opportunity to engage them. Brands need to understand that engagement is not
about pushing product messages; it is about capturing the imagination and the attention of the
user. It is about designing a naturally engaging experience.

Businesses need to understand that digital environment is not about technology but about
attention, where the consumer is at the core, armed with powers like never before. Businesses
and brands should, therefore, focus on connecting the dots and realize that now, in the digital
age, it is all about co-owning a brand.

Understand the consumer buying behaviour of Indians in digital era

To understanding the consumer buying behaviour I did one research using an online
questionnaire. Sample size of the research was 200. Samples for this research are under
Indian youth and young Indians, who come under 17 to 45-year age groups.

Client Service Executive will act as the bridge between the client and the agency. He will
speak to the client to get a brief understanding of what he/she wants. In addition, you will
also study the market for the product or service for which the advertisement is being made,

23
analyse market dynamics, target customers, their needs and behavioural patterns, the
competing product, buying patterns of customers and various other market related factors.

Understand the consumer buying behaviour of Indians

As part of this Dissertation, I have done a research to understand the consumer buying
behaviour of Indians in the digital era. First, we can understand consumer buying behaviour,
Kotler and Keller defined consumer buying behaviour as “the study of the ways of buying
and disposing of goods, services, ideas or experiences of the individuals, groups and
organizations in order to satisfy their needs and wants”.

The main motive behind this research is zero moments of truth (ZMOT) of Google. In 2012
Google done a research to understand the change in consumer buying behaviour, for that they
have taken samples from U.S, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Russia, France, Netherlands,
Australia, Poland, Turkey and Brazil. After the research they arrived at a new concept called
‘ZMOT’, which showing the big change in consumer buying behaviour in the digital era.

In past years’ marketer believed that consumer get ‘two moments’ to understand a brand.

Marketing efforts at that period will try to create stimulus in customers through advertisements
and this stimulus will lead customers toward ‘two moments’. At that period one model was
coined by P&G in 2005 and CEO said "The best brands consistently win two moments of truth.
The first moment occurs at the store shelf, when a consumer decides whether to buy one brand or
another. The second occurs at home, when she uses the brand —and is delighted, or isn’t."

Let’s see an example to understand how this model works.

24
Stimulus is advertisement. Dad is watching a football game and sees an ad for digital
cameras. He thinks, “That looks good.”

First moment of Truth it will happen in the shopping Shelf. He goes to his favourite
electronics store, where he sees a terrific stand- up display for that same digital camera. The
packaging is great. A young sales guy answers all his questions. He buys the camera.

Second moment of truth is Experience or Post Purchase behaviour. Dad gets home and the
camera records beautiful pictures of his kids, just as advertised. He becomes loyal to the
brand.

Later in 2012 Google coined a model and named it as ZMOT or Zero Moment of Truth.
Google coined this model through research of 5000 shoppers and asked them a simple
question, how many sources of information you will collect before making a purchase
decision? The survey revealed that the average shopper uses 10.4 sources of information,
ranging from TV commercials and magazine articles, to recommendations from friends and
family, to websites, ratings to blogs. ZMOT model of customer buying behaviour is like this.

Let’s take the pervious example; dad purchased the camera after see television ad. But now,

after seeing an ad dad will open his laptop and make a search or ask in social networking
sites or visit company site or see customer rating before making an action. Then only first
moment of truth and second moment of truth will come. So presence in digital is important
for brands, they need to use this platform to convince customers.

25
In this ZMOT report Google is advising brands to go for multi-screen marketing. The reason
for this was “77% of viewers use another device while they are watching TV”. So if brands
go for multi- screen it will help to create efficient stimulus in customers.

This is main motive for doing this research; one more thing is there penetration of internet in
India. I already mentioned about penetration of Internet in India in this report.

RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODOLOGY

Methodology
For accomplishing this Dissertation, I used one methodology which is exploratory research to
understanding the consumer buying behaviour of Indians in digital era using an online
questionnaire.

Research methodology
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be under
stood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. It is a system and in-depth
study for any particular subject. Its purpose is to find out answer to questions through the
application of scientific methods. It involves collection, analysis and interpretation of data. It
deals with the application and utilization of data.

26
 5) ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA

Topic
The selected topic for the research is “Understands the consumer buying behaviour of Indian
in digital era”

Universe
Universe means the total population available for the study. In this study, the universe
constitutes all Indian, who have online presences.

Sample
Sample means a representation of the whole universe by a small population. Samples for this
research are under Indian youth and young Indians, who come under 17 to 45-year age
groups and who have online presences.

Sample size
The number of sample units selected from the total population is called sample size. Sample
size selected for this study is 200. Among them 146 are males and 54 are females.

Tools
Tools used for this research is an online questionnaire, which consist of 15 questions.

1) How do you get information about new Products?

Information abt new product

45%
40%
40%
35%
30%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10% 13%
10%
5%
7%
0%
Friends Family Advertisements News Other Sources

27
2) Do you Collect information before purchasing the products?

Info before purchasing

5%

Yes
No
95%

3) What type of information will you collect?

Type of info collect

35% 32%
30%
26%
25%
21%
20%

15%
11%
10%
10%

5%

0%
Price Quality Attributes Quantity Customer's Experience

Interpretation for 1 to 3: Samples are highly information seekers, 95 % of the sample will do
reach before purchase. Only 40% of the samples saying they get to know about a product through
advertisements, 30% get to know from friends and 10% from family. 32% of samples

28
are collecting information about quality of product the and 26% about price and 21% about
customer experience

4) Did you ever purchase from an online site?

Purchase from online

19%

Yes

No
81%

5) If yes, then what type of product / services did you purchase online?

Type of Product Purchase

25%

20%
22%
19%
15%
17%
10% 13%
11% 11%
5%
3% 2% 2%
0%

29
Interpretations for 4 and 5: 81% of the sample will make online purchases also; mostly
they purchase electronic products, followed by fashion and travel accessories through online.

6) Do you watch television programs through online?

Online T.V.

47%
53% Yes
No

7) Do you read the News through online?

Online NEWS

No
26%

YES
YES
No
74%

30
Interpretation 6 & 7:

93% of the samples are watching T.V. 53% of the samples is watching T.V programs through
online portals. 93% are reading newspapers and 74% are reading newspapers through online
portals.

8) Do you have mobile phone or smartphone, tablet or PC/laptop?

Smartphone

1%

YES
NO
99%

9) When do you use these gadgets?

Use of gadget
35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
WATCHING T.V OFFICE COLLEGE WITH FRIENDS

31
10) What you do with these gadgets?

Use for
25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
GAMES SURFING SHOPPINEWSG READINGBLOGGING E- BOOKSWATCH VIDEOSCHATTING

Interpretation 8 to 10:

 More than 90% of the sample have can mobile or Smartphone and laptops or PC.
While coming to tablets it is low, but it doesn’t mean no one is using tabs. Still, 30%
of samples have a tablet. 96% of samples have an internet connection is any of these
gadgets, this showing the penetration of internet in India. 

 33% of the samples are using these gadgets while they are with their friends. 25% of
the samples are using these gadgets while watching T.V. 42% of samples are using
gadgets in office or college. 

 21% use these gadgets for chatting, 16% for surfing and 14% for watch videos &
games. 

32
11) Do you ever notice advertisement?

Diagrammtitel

3%

yes
no
97%

12) If yes, Mention one from of media, which you give more importance in advertising?

Media
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
TV ONLINE NEWSPAPERS OOH RADIO

Interpretation for 11 & 12:

97% of the samples are seeing ads, among them 35% of samples noticed ads through online
media, 22% on TVC and 17% on Newspapers. 48% of the samples are saying they have trust
in online ads, 34 % are saying they have trust in T.V.

33
13) How do you normally purchase a product?

Product Purchase
VISIT AND PURCHASE FROM RETAIL SHOP ITSELF

VISIT THE RETAIL SHOP AND PURCHASE FROM …

VISIT THE RETAIL SHOP AND PURCHASE FROM …

RESEARCH AND PURCHASE FROM LAPTOP

RESEARCH AND PURCHASE FROM MOBILE

RESEARCH IN MOBILE AND PURCHASE FROM LAPTOP

RESEARCH IN LAPTOP AND PURCHASE FROM RETAIL …

RESEARCH IN MOBILE AND PURCHASE FROM RETAIL …

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

14) After purchase, what type of experience will you share with others?

Sales
70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
ALL THE ABOVE GOOD BAD EXPERIENCE NICE DEAL, IN
MENTIONED EXPERIENCE TERMS OF PRICE

34
15) How will you share your experience with others?

Diagrammtitel
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
SOCIAL MESSAGING WRITE A BLOG IN COMPANY FACE TO FACE
NETWORKING WEBSITE TALK
SITES

Interpretation for 13 to 15:

 22% of samples will do research on online and purchase from retail shop, 21% of the
samples will do research in mobile and purchase from retail shop. But 19% of the
samples will purchase directly from a retail shop only. 

 67% of the samples will like to express their experience with others; it may be a nice
deal, good experience or bad experience with product. 

 37% will share their experience through face to face talk, 32% through social
networking sites and 24% through messaging. 

35
 6) FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS & RECCOMANDATIONS

 Indian customers are highly information seekers. They collect more information
about quality, price and refer customer’s experiences before purchasing a product. 

 Advertisements have high impact for creating stimulus in Indian customers. But this
stimulus will get in to action only through opinion leaders. 

 Indian consumers have high tendency to go for online purchase. They have high
affinity to go online for electronic products and apparels. 

 One of the current trends in Indian youth and young Indians are watching the T.V
programs via online portals. May be the main reason is convenience of time, they
can watch programs which they had skipped due to some reasons. 

 The same thing is happening for the newspaper also, people have more affinity towards 

online news portals. Here's the reason may be they can get news updates very early;
they don’t need to wait for daily newspapers. 

 In both of these cases, one opportunity is lost for marketer and one opportunity
is emerging for them to reach their T.G. 

 More than 90% of the samples have a mobile or Smartphone and laptops or PC. 96% of
samples have an internet connection is any of these gadgets, this showing the
penetration of internet in India. 

 If we take tablet, penetration in Indian is low. But it doesn’t mean that no one is
using tabs. More than 30% of samples have tablet. For brands they are getting three
more platforms to reach their T.G and engage them. 

 33% of the samples are using these gadgets while they are with their friends, so just think
about the reach. If one person noticed something which is cool and awesome they will
surely communicate to others. 

 25% of the samples are using these gadgets while watching T.V; it’s again a barrier for 

brands which use TVC only. 21% of the samples are using this gadget for chatting and
16% are using for surfing. What they are surfing? It can be about a product, local
events or locations...etc.
 In this situation, one opportunity is again losing to brands and one opportunity
is emerging for brands to reach their T.G. 

 More than 90% of samples are noticing ads, among them 35% of samples noticed ads
through online media, followed by TVC and Newspapers. 

36
 48% of samples are telling they give more importance to online ads and 34 % of
samples give importance to T.V.C. 

 From the first part of this research itself, we know that customers are highly
information seeker. It may be the reason for high trust in online ads. They can search
for more information after seeing an ad or online is the only two way communication
channel for customers. 

 22% of the samples do research through their lap or PC before purchasing a product
from the retail shop and 21% do research via mobile. 

 Most of the Indians prefer to purchase from a retail shop only, but before going to retail
shop they will seek information about the product through an online platform. Here is
actually change happens in consumer buying journey, early times consumer belief a
product only after seeing the product in a retail shop. 

 But now Indian customers want to get conviction about a product before going to retail
shop. So from a marketers view they want to convince their customers before going to a
retail shop. 

 Brands want to build a cool presence over digital platforms because the customer will
do research about the product after seeing an ad or after getting stimulated. 

 Brands are getting more touch points to reach target group in a cost effective manner. 

Conclusion
The successful completion of this Dissertation indicates that the future of marketing is in the
hands of digital. Digital marketing is not only concerned with placing ads in portals, it
consists of integrated services and integrated channels. Marketers want to use these
components in an effective way to reach target groups and to build a brand. In this digital era
marketer is not the custodian for a brand, people who are connected across the digital
platforms are the custodians.

Brands want to build their presence over digital platform, because customers have high
affinity towards digital media than other media’s. More than that customers are highly
information seekers and digital media is the only platform for two-way communication
between brands and customers.

Digital media is the best platform to convert a product to a brand. Because it is more cost
effective and it provide lot of touch points to marketer. Brands can able to engage their target

37
group in an effective way through digital platforms. Digital media is not only for
engagement; brands can increase their customers or they can retain their existing customers.
Digital platforms help to increase the impact of brand recall in target groups.

The research focused on the consumer buying behaviour shows that, Indian consumers are
highly information seeker and they will do research about a product before going to a retail
shop. So brands want to give platforms to consumers to understand their product or to get a
really feel of that brand.

I honestly believe that this project report will be at most useful for marketers to understand
the digital marketing and also to plan for future strategies.

I conclude my research by quoting again that “Brands can’t sustain without digital presence”.

38
 7) BIBLIOGRAPHY

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9)RAN JU,2013. Online Advertising Explained: DMPs, SSPs, DSPs and RTB. [online] Available
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13) TOI,2014. Indian to have 243 million internet user by june 2014: IAMAI. [online] Available
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19) Kevin ,Ing.,2010. AIDMA & AISAS. [online] Available from:

http://empoweringabc.com/2010/08/04/a-is-for-aisas/ [Accessed on 7 feb, 2016]

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23) John, Dudovskiy.2013 Consumer Buyer Behaviour Definition.[online] Available From:
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41
 APPENDIX

Questionnaire

Understand Consumer Buying Behaviour of Indians

This questionnaire will be used to understand the consumer buying behaviour of

Indians.

1) How do you get information about products?

Friends

Family

Advertisements

News

Other sources

2) Do you collect the information before purchasing the product?

Yes

No

3) What type of information will you collect?

Price

Quality

Attributes

Quantity

Customer's Experience

4) Did you ever purchase from an online site?

42
 Yes

No

5) If yes, then what type of product/ service did you purchase online?

Apparels

Electronic

Books

Travel Products

Fashion accessories

Kitchen and Home items

Toys

Sports equipments

Health and Beauty Products

Gifts

Automotive

6) Do you watch television programs through online?

Yes

No

7) Do you read News through online?

Yes

No
8) Do you have mobile phone or smartphone, tablet or PC/laptop?

Yes

No

43
9) When do you use these gadgets?

While watching TV

Office

College

With friends

10) What you do with these gadgets?

Games

Surfing

Shopping

News reading

Blogging

E-booking Reading

Watching Videos

Chatting

11) Do you ever notice advertisements?

Yes
No
12) If yes, Mention one form of media from the list below, which you give
more importance in advertising?

TV
Online
Newspaper
YouTube
Out Door Hoarding
Radio

44
 Display ads in shops

13) How do you normally purchase a product?

Research in mobile and purchase from retail shop

Research in laptop and purchase from retail shop
Research in mobile and purchase from laptops
Research and purchase from mobile
Research and purchase from laptop
Visit the retail shop and purchase from mobile
Visit the retail shop and purchase from laptop
Visit and purchase from retail shop itself

14) After purchase, what type of experience will you share with others?

Nice deal which you got in terms of price

Bad experience with the product
Good experience with the product
All the above mentioned

15) How will you share your experience with others?

Social networking sites

Messaging
Write a blog
In company website
Through face to face talk

Age

Gender

45