SAB 3122

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
AND ESTIMATING
Finishes

Dr. Chai Chang Saar

Floor Finishes
Wall Finishes
Ceiling Finishes

FINISHES
 FINISHES
• Finishes work needed for an aesthetic value.
• Buyer’s comfortable.
• Determine the house price.
• Differentiate between low cost or high cost building.
• Skilled worker needed to execute the finishes work,
normally known as plasterer or tiler.
• Sometime main contractor will sub-contract the
work to specialist sub-contractor.

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 FINISHES
• MEASUREMENT
Normally finishes measured in area, means in
m2.
3 main item for finishes:-
 floor finishes
 wall finishes
 ceiling finishes

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 FLOOR FINISHES
Floor finishes
• Area measure in area, m2
• Drop, skirting and dividing strip will be
measured in linear meter

Skirting - m

Floor Tiles – m2

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FLOOR FINISHES

Screeding

Floor Tiles
 FLOOR FINISHES
1) Cement render
• Material
 normally 12mm - 25mm of thickness
 mixture of cement and sand (1:3)

• Labour
 Mixing by hand
-1 general labour output 2.00hr/m3 mortar
 Lay and spread
-1 tiler & 1 general worker (0.3hr/m2)

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 FLOOR FINISHES
Cement render
Build up rate for 1m2 of 25mm thick cement and sand (1:3)
paving with steel trowelled finish to floor level or to falls
n.e. 15º from horizontal on concrete base.
Assumption:
1m3 cement = 28 bags = RM 13.00/bag
1m3 sand = RM 16.50/m3
1/3 shrinkage & wastage
1 general worker output mixing mortar 2.00hr/m3
1 general worker and 1 tiler output lay tiles 0.30hr/m2
Wages for general worker = RM 40.00/day
Wages for tiler = RM 60.00/day

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 FLOOR FINISHES
2) Screeding to receive floor tiles
• Material
 normally 19mm -20mm thickness
 mixture of cement and sand (1:3)

• Labour
 Mixing by hand
-1 general labour output 2.00hr/m3 mortar
 Lay & spread
-1 tiler and 1 general worker (0.25hr/m2)

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 FLOOR FINISHES
Screed to receive tile
Build up rate for 1m2 of 20mm thick cement and sand (1:3)
screeded bed to receive ceramic tiles to floor.
Assumption :
1m3 cement = 28 bags = RM 13.00/bag
1m3 sand = RM 16.50/m3
1/3 shrinkage & wastage
1 general worker output mixing mortar 2.00hr/m3
1 general worker and 1 tiler output lay & spread 0.25hr/m2
Wages for general worker = RM 40.00/day
Wages for tiler = RM 60.00/day

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 FLOOR FINISHES
3) Floor tiles
• Material
 Add cement paste
 Allow 5% for wastage (tiles and cement paste)
 No of tiles in 1m2 , e.g. 200mm x 200mm
1000 mm x 1000mm = 25 no
200mm x 200mm

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 FLOOR FINISHES
3) Floor tiles
• Labour output
 Depend on tiles size

Size 1 tiler & 1 general

worker (hr/m2)
≥ 150mm x 150mm 0.75
< 150mm x 150mm 1.90

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 FLOOR FINISHES
Floor tile
Build up rate for 1m2 of 200mm x 200mm x 7mm thick
homogenous tile bedded, jointed and pointed in cement paste to
floor level or to falls n.e. 15º from horizontal on screeded bed.

Assumption :
Floor Tiles = RM 2.00/pcs
0.02m3 cement paste per 1m2
1m3 cement = 28 bags = RM 13.00/bag
Labour output for mixing cement paste =2.00hr/m3
Wages for general worker = RM 40.00/day
Wages for tiler = RM 60.00/day
Allow 5% for wastage

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4) Skirting
FLOOR FINISHES
• Material
 Depends on floor tile
 75mm – 150mm high
 0.002m3 cement paste
 Allow 5% for wastage
• Labour

High (mm) 1 tiler & 1 general worker

(hr/m2)
75 0.20
100 0.23
125 0.26
150 0.30
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 FLOOR FINISHES
Skirting
Build up rate for 1m of 100mm high vertical ceramic tile
skirting bedded and jointed in cement paste and pointed in
coloured cement to wall on screeded backing.

Assumption :
200mm x 200mm high ceramic = RM 2.00/pcs
0.002m3 cement paste per m (0.02m3 x 100/1000)
General Worker = RM 40.00/day
Tiler = RM 60.00/day
Allow 5% for wastage

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 FLOOR FINISHES
5) Timber floor
• Material
 Parquet
 Strip
 Skirting
 Adhesive material (glue) – 0.25 litre/m2
 Floor dressing material – 0.12 litre/m2-provide
increased protection against wear and moisture
 Allow 5% for wastage
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 FLOOR FINISHES
5) Timber floor
• Labour

Timber 1 tiler & 1 general

worker
Parquet 0.50/m2
Strip 0.45/m2
Skirting 0.20/m

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 FLOOR FINISHES
5) Timber floor
• Machinery
 To make smooth surface
 Using a trowel machine

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 FLOOR FINISHES
Timber floor
Build up rate for 1m2 of 125mm x 125mm x 10mm thick Kempas parquet fixed with approved
wood adhesive to floor level or to falls n.e. 15º horizontal on trowelled bed including sanding
smooth and 2 coat clear polyurethane floor dressing.

Assumption :
Parquet = RM 35.00/m2
Adhesive = RM 4.00/lt
Floor dressing = RM 90.00/tin for 5 lt
Trowel machine = RM 30.00/day (rental)
Machine output = 15.00m2/hr
Adhesive material 0.25 litre/m2
Floor dressing material 0.12litre/m2
Allow 5% for wastage

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 WALL FINISHES
1) Plastering
• Material
 normally 12mm-19mm of thickness
 usually use 1:6 mortar (cement : sand)

• Labour
 labour output for 1 plasterer and 1 general worker
0.40hr/m2

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WALL FINISHES

Plastering
WALL FINISHES

Backing
WALL FINISHES

Wall Tiles
 WALL FINISHES
Plaster to wall
Build up rate for 1m2 of 16mm cement and sand (1:6) plaster to
wall with steel trowelled finish on brickwork base.

Assumption :
1m3 cement = 28 bags = RM 13.00/bag
1m3 sand = RM 16.50/m3
1/3 shrinkage & wastage for mortar
1 general worker output mixing mortar 2.00hr/m3
1 general worker and 1 plasterer output lay tiles 0.40hr/m2
Wages for general worker = RM 40.00/day
Wages for plasterer = RM 60.00/day

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 WALL FINISHES
2) Wall tiles
• Material
 Add 5% for wastage (tile and cement paste)
 Cement paste to receive tile
 No of tiles in 1m2 , e.g. 200mm x 200mm
1000 mm x 1000mm = 25 no
200mm x 200mm

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 WALL FINISHES
2) Wall tiles
• Labour

Size 1 tiler & 1 general

worker (hr/m2)
≥ 150mm x 150mm 1.00

< 150mm x 150mm 1.25

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 WALL FINISHES
Glazed wall tile
Build up rate for 1m2 of 300mm x 300mm x 7mm thick white
glazed wall tile bedded and jointed in cement paste and
pointed in white cement to wall on screeded backing.

Assumption :
Wall tiles = RM 1.20/pcs
Cement paste (as before calculation) = RM 7.84/m2
Wages for tiler = RM 60/day
Wages for general worker = RM 40/day
Allow 5% for wastage

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 CEILING FINISHES
1) Plastered to suspended slab
• Material
 normally 12mm-19mm of thickness
 usually use 1:1:6 mortar

• Labour
 more difficult if compared to wall
 labour output for 1 tiler and 1 general worker 0.50hr/m2

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 CEILING FINISHES
Plastered to suspended slab
Build up rate for 1m2 of 12mm cement, lime and sand (1:1:6)
plaster to ceiling with steel trowelled finish on concrete base.

Assumption :
Cement = RM 13.00/bag (28 bag/m3)
Sand = RM 16.50/m3
Lime = RM 3.50/bag (40 bag/m3)

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 CEILING FINISHES
Material cost for (1:1:6) mortar/m3
Material cost for mortar
1m3 cement = 1 x 28 x RM 13.00 = RM 364.00
1m3 lime = 1 x 40 x RM 3.50 = RM 140.00
6m3 sand = 6 x RM 16.50 = RM 99.00
= RM 603.00
1/3 shrinkage & wastage = RM 201.00
Cost for 8m3 = RM 804.00
Cost for 1m3 = RM 804.00 = RM 100.50
8
Labour cost for mortar
Mixing mortar
General worker = 2.00 x RM 40.00 = RM 10.00
8
Cost for mortar/m3 = RM 100.50 + RM 10.00 = RM 110.50
Cost for12mm/m2 = RM 110.50 x 12mm = RM1.33
1000mm

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 CEILING FINISHES
Labour cost
Plaster to ceiling
Plasterer = 0.50 x RM60.00 = RM 3.75
8
General = 0.50 x RM 40.00 = RM 2.50
8 RM 6.25

Material + Labour cost =RM1.33+RM6.25 = RM 7.58

20% profit & overhead = RM 1.52
Cost/m2 = RM 9.10

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