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    Amplitude Modulation

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    jaindevansh
    The document discusses the basics of communication including definitions of communication, information, and basic communication systems. It then describes analog and digital signals. The key concepts of modulation are defined, including that modulation varies some characteristic of a high frequency carrier wave according to the modulating signal. It focuses on amplitude modulation (AM), explaining that the AM wave is the sum of the carrier, lower sideband, and upper sideband frequencies. It provides equations showing the relationships between the modulated and unmodulated signals and carrier wave. Power relationships in AM waves are also summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Amplitude Modulation

    Uploaded by

    jaindevansh
    103 views10 pages
    The document discusses the basics of communication including definitions of communication, information, and basic communication systems. It then describes analog and digital signals. The key concepts of modulation are defined, including that modulation varies some characteristic of a high frequency carrier wave according to the modulating signal. It focuses on amplitude modulation (AM), explaining that the AM wave is the sum of the carrier, lower sideband, and upper sideband frequencies. It provides equations showing the relationships between the modulated and unmodulated signals and carrier wave. Power relationships in AM waves are also summarized.

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    The document discusses the basics of communication including definitions of communication, information, and basic communication systems. It then describes analog and digital signals. The key concepts of modulation are defined, including that modulation varies some characteristic of a high frequency carrier wave according to the modulating signal. It focuses on amplitude modulation (AM), explaining that the AM wave is the sum of the carrier, lower sideband, and upper sideband frequencies. It provides equations showing the relationships between the modulated and unmodulated signals and carrier wave. Power relationships in AM waves are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    103 views10 pages

    Amplitude Modulation

    Uploaded by

    jaindevansh
    The document discusses the basics of communication including definitions of communication, information, and basic communication systems. It then describes analog and digital signals. The key concepts of modulation are defined, including that modulation varies some characteristic of a high frequency carrier wave according to the modulating signal. It focuses on amplitude modulation (AM), explaining that the AM wave is the sum of the carrier, lower sideband, and upper sideband frequencies. It provides equations showing the relationships between the modulated and unmodulated signals and carrier wave. Power relationships in AM waves are also summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

    1. BASICS OF COMMUNICATION
    2. AMPLITUDE MODULATION

    Created by C. Mani, Principal, K V No.1, AFS, Jalahalli West, Bangalore


    BASICS OF COMMUNICATION
    1. Communication: Processing, sending and receiving of information

    2. Information: Intelligence, signal, data or any measurable physical quantity

    3. Basic Communication i) Wire Links


    System: ii) Wireless
    iii)
    Source of Optic Fibres
    Transmitter
    information
    Link
    i) Speech i) Oscillators ii) Amplifiers
    ii) Pictures iii) Filters iv) Antenna
    iii) Words
    iv) Codes
    v)
    Destination Receiver
    Symbols
    vi) Commands
    vii) Data i) Radio ii) TV iii) Computer iv) Telephone
    v) Teleprinter vi) Telegraph vii) Fax viii)
    Internet
    Forms of Communication: Types of communication:
    1. Radio Broadcast 1. Cable
    communication
    2. Television Broadcast
    2. Ground wave
    3. Telephony
    communication
    4. Telegraphy
    3. Sky wave
    5. Radar communication
    6. Sonar 4. Satellite
    communication
    7. Fax (Facsimile Telegraphy)
    5. Optic fibre
    8. E-mail
    communication
    9. Teleprinting
    10. Telemetering
    11. Mobile Phones
    12. Internet
    Analogue signal Digital signal

    A continuous signal value A discontinuous signal value


    which at any instant lies within which appears in steps in pre-
    the range of a maximum and a determined levels rather than
    minimum value. having the continuous change.

    E = E0 sin ωt
    E ,I I = I0 sin ωt
    E0
    I0 V
    101 010101
    0
    π/2 π 3π/2 2π 5π/2 3π 7π/2 4π θ = ωt

    T/4 T/2 3T/4 T 5T/4 3T/2 7T/4 2T


    t 0 t
    MODULATION:
    Modulation is the process of variation of some characteristic
    of a high frequency wave (carrier wave) in accordance with the
    instantaneous value of a modulating signal.

    Modulator
    A.F.
    Signal Amp.
    Modulated
    Signal

    H.F. Signal Types of Modulation:


    Oscillator
    1. Amplitude Modulation
    2. Frequency Modulation
    3. Pulse Modulation
    4. Phase Modulation
    AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM):

    e m= Em sin mt

    ec = Ec sin ct
    (Courtesy: Internet)

    e = (Ec + Em sin mt) sin ct

    e = Ec sin ct + (maEc/2) cos (c - m)t - (maEc/2) cos (c + m)t

    Modulation Index (ma)= kaEm/Ec


    If ka=1, then ma= Em/Ec
    Inferences from equation for e:

    1. The Amplitude Modulated wave is the summation of three


    sinusoidal waves with the frequencies c, c-m and c+m
    namely Original frequency, Lower Side Band frequency and
    Upper Side Band frequency respectively.
    2. The Bandwidth required for AM, BW = 2 m
    3. The amplitude Ec of the unmodulated carrier wave is made
    proportional to the instantaneous voltage (e m= Em sin mt)
    of the modulating wave.

    Voltage
    Amplitude

    c-m c c+m Frequency (Courtesy: Internet)


    Significance of Modulation Index:
    Emax = Ec + maEc
    e maEc= kaEm Emax
    Ec Emin Emin = Ec - maEc
    0

    Emax - Emin
    On manipulating, we get ma =
    Emax + Emin
    AF signal

    ma = 0 (No modulation)

    ma = 0.5 or 50%

    ma = 1 or 100%
    Generally,
    0 < ma < 1
    ma > 1 or 100%
    Power Relation in the AM wave:
    If the modulated wave is applied to a resistor of resistance R
    (say antenna circuit), then the r.m.s. power dissipated in the
    form of heat is,
    Pr.m.s = (1/R)Ec /222 + maEc /222 + maEc /222
    Prms = (Ec 2 /2R) 1 + (ma2 /2) = Pc1 + (ma2 /2)
    (where Pc is power dissipated by unmodulated carrier
    wave)

    If ma = 1, then Prms  Pmax and Pmax = 3 Pc /2

    Similarly, Power carried by both side bands PSB = Prms / 3


    which is wasted.
    Advantages:
    1. AM is an easier method of transmitting and receiving speech
    signals.
    2. It requires simple and inexpensive receivers.
    3. It is a fairly efficient system of modulation.

    Drawbacks:
    1. AM is more likely to suffer from noise.
    2. Appreciable energy is contained by three components of AM
    wave. Sufficient energy can be saved by suppressing carrier
    wave and one of the side bands. This process makes the
    equipment complex.
    3. Cost of such transmitters and receivers becomes practically
    more.

    END

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