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    CSE4011 - Module 2 - 1

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    Siddhantpsingh
    The document discusses virtual machine monitors (VMMs), hypervisors, and virtualization. It defines a VMM as abstracting VM hardware and managing host system resources. A hypervisor enables virtualization by recreating hardware and hosting multiple VMs above the hardware. It also manages VM-hardware interaction. The document compares server architectures with and without hypervisors. It describes type 1 and type 2 hypervisors, providing examples of each. It discusses the dispatcher, allocator, and interpreter roles of a VMM. Finally, it summarizes the Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements.

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    CSE4011 - Module 2 - 1

    Uploaded by

    Siddhantpsingh
    75 views18 pages
    The document discusses virtual machine monitors (VMMs), hypervisors, and virtualization. It defines a VMM as abstracting VM hardware and managing host system resources. A hypervisor enables virtualization by recreating hardware and hosting multiple VMs above the hardware. It also manages VM-hardware interaction. The document compares server architectures with and without hypervisors. It describes type 1 and type 2 hypervisors, providing examples of each. It discusses the dispatcher, allocator, and interpreter roles of a VMM. Finally, it summarizes the Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements.

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    CSE4011_Module 2_1

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    The document discusses virtual machine monitors (VMMs), hypervisors, and virtualization. It defines a VMM as abstracting VM hardware and managing host system resources. A hypervisor enables virtualization by recreating hardware and hosting multiple VMs above the hardware. It also manages VM-hardware interaction. The document compares server architectures with and without hypervisors. It describes type 1 and type 2 hypervisors, providing examples of each. It discusses the dispatcher, allocator, and interpreter roles of a VMM. Finally, it summarizes the Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    75 views18 pages

    CSE4011 - Module 2 - 1

    Uploaded by

    Siddhantpsingh
    The document discusses virtual machine monitors (VMMs), hypervisors, and virtualization. It defines a VMM as abstracting VM hardware and managing host system resources. A hypervisor enables virtualization by recreating hardware and hosting multiple VMs above the hardware. It also manages VM-hardware interaction. The document compares server architectures with and without hypervisors. It describes type 1 and type 2 hypervisors, providing examples of each. It discusses the dispatcher, allocator, and interpreter roles of a VMM. Finally, it summarizes the Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements.

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    Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)

     Abstracts the virtual machine (VM) hardware


     Presents a complete set of emulated hardware
     Provides isolation
     Runs the Guest OS
     Manages access of resources of the host system
    Hypervisor

     Software that
     enables virtualization
     recreates the hardware
     is responsible for hosting multiple VMs on a single machine
     resides below the VMs and above the hardware
     provides support for different OSs to run at a specific time
     manages interaction between each VM & the shared hardware
    Comparison

    Typical Server Server with Hypervisor

    Guest Guest Guest


    OS OS OS
    Operating System Hypervisor

    Hardware Hardware
    Basics

     Works with the VMM


     scheduling access to underlying hardware
     Lightweight operating shell
     Primary role: host VMs
     offers better performance
     fewer security vulnerabilities
     Vendor specific
     patches or security updates will come directly from the virtualization
    software vendor
    Characteristics

     Based on the properties defined by Popek and Goldberg, a


    hypervisor should ensure that
     the hardware emulated to the VM is identical to a physical machine
    with the same specification
     the VM experiences minimal performance overhead
     it has complete control over the underlying hardware
    Source: Net
    Types

    Type 1 / Bare metal Type 2 / Hosted

    VM VM VM VM VM VM

    Hypervisor Hypervisor
    Operating System
    Hardware Hardware
    Type 1 Hypervisor

     Runs directly on the hardware


     Takes the place of the OS
     Directly interact with the ISA exposed by the underlying hardware
     Overhead caused by virtualization is less
     Preferred in organizations, where huge servers are to be virtualized
     Over-allocation is possible
     Advantage: any problem in a VM will not affect other VMs
    Type 2 Hypervisor

     Installed on top of the OS


     Managed by the OS
     Completely dependent on host OS for its operations
     Emulate the ISA of virtual hardware
     Preferred to virtualize resources of personal desktops
     Performance overhead is high
     Any problem in the base OS affects the hypervisor even if it is secure
    Examples
    Type 1 / Bare metal Type 2 / Hosted
     VMware ESXi Server  VMware Workstation
     Microsoft Hyper-V  Microsoft Virtual PC
     Citrix/Xen Server  Oracle Virtual Box
    Source: Net
    Virtual machine manager
     Dispatcher
     Entry point to VMM
     Reroutes the instructions issued by VMM
     Allocator
     Decides the system resource provision
     Interpreter
     Executed when VM execute privileged instruction
     Trap is triggered when corresponding routine is executed
    Popek and Goldberg Virtualization Requirements
     The Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements are a set of
    conditions sufficient for a computer architecture to support system
    virtualization efficiently.
     They were introduced by Gerald J. Popek and Robert P. Goldberg in
    1974
     "Formal Requirements for Virtualizable Third Generation
    Architectures".
     Even though the requirements are derived under simplifying
    assumptions, they still represent a convenient way of determining
    whether a computer architecture supports efficient virtualization and
    provide guidelines for the design of virtualized computer architectures

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