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    Earth Sub-Systems

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    ludivino escarda
    The document discusses the Earth as a system composed of interconnected subsystems. It describes the major Earth subsystems - geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. These subsystems interact and influence each other through material cycles like the carbon and rock cycles and the hydrologic cycle. Energy from the sun and internal radioactive decay and gravitational energy power these subsystems and their interactions, forming a mostly closed system that has evolved over billions of years.

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    Earth Sub-Systems

    Uploaded by

    ludivino escarda
    191 views36 pages
    The document discusses the Earth as a system composed of interconnected subsystems. It describes the major Earth subsystems - geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. These subsystems interact and influence each other through material cycles like the carbon and rock cycles and the hydrologic cycle. Energy from the sun and internal radioactive decay and gravitational energy power these subsystems and their interactions, forming a mostly closed system that has evolved over billions of years.

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    The document discusses the Earth as a system composed of interconnected subsystems. It describes the major Earth subsystems - geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. These subsystems interact and influence each other through material cycles like the carbon and rock cycles and the hydrologic cycle. Energy from the sun and internal radioactive decay and gravitational energy power these subsystems and their interactions, forming a mostly closed system that has evolved over billions of years.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    191 views36 pages

    Earth Sub-Systems

    Uploaded by

    ludivino escarda
    The document discusses the Earth as a system composed of interconnected subsystems. It describes the major Earth subsystems - geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. These subsystems interact and influence each other through material cycles like the carbon and rock cycles and the hydrologic cycle. Energy from the sun and internal radioactive decay and gravitational energy power these subsystems and their interactions, forming a mostly closed system that has evolved over billions of years.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 36

    Earth as a SYSTEM

    SYSTEM - A set of interconnected components that are


    interacting to form a unified whole.
    EXAMPLE of a system-
    ECOSYSTEM. (Organisms are interrelated
    The Earth system is essentially a CLOSED SYSTEM.

    A closed system is a system in which


    there is only an exchange of heat
    or
    energy and no exchange of matter.
    The Earth receives energy from the sun and
    returns some of this energy to space.
    Components or subsystems
    of the Earth system
    THE EARTH SUBSYSTEMS

    Biosphere Hydrosphere

    Geosphere Atmosphere
    Major Themes

    SCALE ENERGY CYCLE


    Major Themes

    Scale

    Processes in the Earth system act on length scales


    of microns to thousands of kilometers, and on
    time scales of milliseconds to millions of years.
    Major Themes

    Energy
    The Earth system is powered by one external
    source: the Sun

    and two internal ones:

    - radioactive decay
    - gravitational energy (heat still being lost from
    planetary formation).
    Major Themes

    Cycles

    Material in the Earth system is continually


    recycled in numerous overlapping cycles.
    The
    Carbon
    Cycle
    The
    Rock
    Cycle
    The Hydrologic (Water)
    Cycle
    Biosphere

    Includes all life


    forms on Earth

    It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to the


    rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs,
    and from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the
    deep sea.
    Photosynthesis

    The Carbon Cycle


    James Lovelock used
    the "Daisy World Model"
    to illustrate how the
    biosphere is capable of
    regulating its
    environment.

    The
    Alb
    Hydrosphere

    Dynamic mass of
    water that is
    continuously on the
    move
    1. About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid
    water (hydrosphere) and much of it is in the
    form of ocean water.
    2. Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-thirds
    are in the form of ice, and the remaining
    one-third is present in streams, lakes, and
    groundwater.

    The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle

    Precipitation, Evaporation, Runoff, Infiltration, etc...


    Condensation, Precipitation, Evaporation,
    Transpiration, Infiltration, Surface Runoff.
    Atmosphere

    The atmosphere is the


    thin gaseous layer
    that envelopes the
    lithosphere.

    The present atmosphere is composed of 78%


    nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9%
    argon, and trace amount of other gases.
    One of the most important processes by
    which the heat on the Earth's surface
    is redistributed is through atmospheric
    circulation.
    Geosphere

    The Solid Earth

    extends from the


    surface to the center
    Connect to Earth

    Create a concept map which explains how


    the geosphere, hydrosphere,
    atmosphere, and biosphere are
    interconnected.

    Use arrows and simple illustrations.


    4.6 Billion Years
    of Interaction
    Geosphere

    Hydrosphere Biosphere

    Atmosphere
    LITHOSPHERE

    The lithosphere
    includes the crust and
    the upper part of the
    mantle.
    Layers of the Earth

    CRUST (continental &


    oceanic)

    MANTLE (upper &


    lower)

    CORE
    (out
    er
    &
    Which layer is it?
    CRUST

    - It’s the light and very thin outer


    skin of the Earth.
    - The outermost layer where energy
    and mineral resources are derived.
    Different elements that
    compose the Earth’s CRUST
     Oxygen 46.60
     Silicon 27.72
     Aluminum 8.13
     Iron 5.00
     Calcium 3.63
     Sodium 2.83
     Potassium 2.59
     Magnesium 2.09
     Titanium 0.40
     Hydrogen 0.14
    MANTLE

    - Less dense layer


    - Made up of silicate rocks, mostly
    made of the elements silicon,
    oxygen, iron and magnesium.
    CORE

    - Denser layer
    - the Earth’s magnetic field
    - strengthens the idea that the
    Earth’s outer core is molten/liquid.
    Historical Development of
    the concept of EARTH SYSTEM
    Sources:
    1.Ms. Laguda ppt. (Regional SHS
    Mass Training of Grade 11
    Teachers)
    2.TG Earth & Life Science

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