Group Process and Dynamics Powerpoint

Group Process
andDynamics
GRADUATE STUDIES AND APPLIED RESEARCH
Master of Arts in Education, Major in Guidance and Counseling
2019-2020
Joevy P. de Lima
GETTING STARTED BY BUILDING AN
ENVIRONMENT
Determinant of Strength of
Positive Support
Pressure
Is a behavior management Social Pressure or Group
If a group has agreed upon
system used to understand Pressure
certain procedures for
what maintains an individual’s Tendency to conform to the
achieving a goal, pressure for
challenging behavior. These demands of the group.
conformity will be greater
behaviors are supported by Compliance can occur even
There are also rewards they
reinforcement in the with or without direct
can give for conforming,
environment. pressure or threat
perhaps the most important
is esteem and acceptance.
Possible Reasons why people comply to the group

1. Those who are against the group suffer social disapproval or punishment.
2. It is simply because of strong conviction that majority is correct or at least
probably right.
3. We may conform to the group’s superficial level but without any deep
changes in our attitudes.
4. One may react to the group’s norms in an independent way. We relate the
group norms based on one’s attitudes reject others.
Determinant of Strength and Pressure
• 1. Conformity - it has been defined as a change in one’s behavior or belief

in order to match those of the others in the group. This type of influence
occurs because other want to be right, and they want to be liked by others.
• Theories that explains the reasons for man’s conformity

• a. Social Conformity Approach – states that people tend to conform to
avoid the stigma of being deviant, wrong, out of line or different from the
other.
• b. Importance of independence to the individuals involved – although
people in a certain group would like to be independent they will still have to
face the consequences of their being independent.
• According to the Adaptation – level Theory of Robert Blake and
Harry Helson, all behavior ( including Conforming) is influenced
by three factors
• a. Stimulus factors – These influences include the task or
problem set before the subject – what the subjects look at or are
told to do.
• b. Background Factors – These influence include the social
situation or context on which the stimulus is presented.
• c. Personality Factors – These influences include such matters as
innate responses, tendencies, traits, and past experiences.
• 2. Stimulus or Task Variables – the physical properties of the stimulus
you must judge in a conformity experiment have a lot to do with
whether or not you will yield to group pressures. The more difficult the
stimulus task appears to be, the more likely the group will be able to
influence your behavior.
• 3. Situational or Background Variables – it is how much information
you have about what the group is like, and what you know about the
beliefs of other group members. The more knowledge you have
concerning the group, the more strongly you will feel pressure to yield.
• 4. Obedience - compliance include a change in behavior in response to
request. In contrast, obedience involves complying with an explicit
demand typically from an acknowledged authority figure.
• The Milgram’s experiment
• It was performed by psychologists Stanley
Milgram. He solicited his subjects from all walks of
life. Most of his subjects were men ranged in age
from young to old and who came from different
places. These men were paid to participate in what
they thought was a study on the effects of
punishment on learning.
Factors Affecting Obedience
• 1. Prestige - one of the possibility was the status and

legitimacy of the experimenter to helped produce high
level of obedience In Milgram’s original experiment.
• 2. Proximity – it is the ability to obtain obedience
apparently depended on some personal contact.
• 3. Presence of Others Who Disobey - it appears that the
presence of others who disobey is the most powerful
factor reducing the subject’s obedience.
•Thank you!
Principles and Procedures
• Skinner identified three types of responses, or operant, that can follow
behavior.
• • Neutral operants: responses from the environment that neither increase
nor decrease the probability of a behavior being repeated.
• • Reinforcers: Responses from the environment that increase the probability
of a behavior being repeated. Reinforcers can be either positive or negative.
• • Punishers: Responses from the environment that decrease the likelihood of
a behavior being repeated. Punishment weakens behavior.
• Positive Reinforcement
• Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence an
individual finds rewarding. For example, if your teacher gives you £5 each time
you complete your homework (i.e., a reward) you will be more likely to repeat
this behavior in the future, thus strengthening the behavior of completing your
homework.
Negative Reinforcement
• The removal of an unpleasant reinforcer can also strengthen behavior. This is
known as negative reinforcement because it is the removal of an adverse
stimulus which is ‘rewarding’ to the animal or person. Negative reinforcement
strengthens behavior because it stops or removes an unpleasant experience.
• Punishment (weakens behavior)
• Punishment is defined as the opposite of reinforcement since it is designed
to weaken or eliminate a response rather than increase it. It is an aversive
event that decreases the behavior that it follows.
• Like reinforcement, punishment can work either by directly applying an
unpleasant stimulus like a shock after a response or by removing a
potentially rewarding stimulus, for instance, deducting someone’s pocket
money to punish undesirable behavior.
• Reinforcers
• The most effective way to teach a person or animal a new behavior is with
positive reinforcement. In positive reinforcement, a desirable stimulus is added
to increase a behavior.
• For example, you tell your five-year-old son, Jerome, that if he cleans his room,
he will get a toy. Jerome quickly cleans his room because he wants a new art set.
Let’s pause for a moment. Some people might say, “Why should I reward my
child for doing what is expected?” But in fact we are constantly and consistently
rewarded in our lives. Our paychecks are rewards, as are high grades and
acceptance into our preferred school. Being praised for doing a good job and for
passing a driver’s test is also a reward. Positive reinforcement as a learning tool is
extremely effective. It has been found that one of the most effective ways to
increase achievement in school districts with below-average reading scores was
to pay the children to read.
•Thank you !

Group Process and Dynamics Powerpoint

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Group Process and Dynamics Powerpoint

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Group Process and Dynamics Powerpoint

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Group Process

Possible Reasons why people comply to the group

• 1. Conformity - it has been defined as a change in one’s behavior or belief

• Theories that explains the reasons for man’s conformity

• 1. Prestige - one of the possibility was the status and

You might also like