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    Computed Tomography - I RAD 365 CT - Scan: Prepared By: Ala'a Ali Tayem Abed

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    Dr-Raghad Al-Faham
    The document discusses the components and operation of a computed tomography (CT) imaging system. It describes the main components of a CT scanner including the gantry, x-ray tube, generator, filters, collimators, detectors, and patient couch. It explains the processes involved in CT imaging, including scanning the patient, data acquisition through multiple attenuation measurements, image reconstruction, display and archiving. Key aspects of the x-ray tube such as the cathode, anode, focal spot and the role of kVp, mA, and time are summarized.

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    Computed Tomography - I RAD 365 CT - Scan: Prepared By: Ala'a Ali Tayem Abed

    Uploaded by

    Dr-Raghad Al-Faham
    73 views19 pages
    The document discusses the components and operation of a computed tomography (CT) imaging system. It describes the main components of a CT scanner including the gantry, x-ray tube, generator, filters, collimators, detectors, and patient couch. It explains the processes involved in CT imaging, including scanning the patient, data acquisition through multiple attenuation measurements, image reconstruction, display and archiving. Key aspects of the x-ray tube such as the cathode, anode, focal spot and the role of kVp, mA, and time are summarized.

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    The document discusses the components and operation of a computed tomography (CT) imaging system. It describes the main components of a CT scanner including the gantry, x-ray tube, generator, filters, collimators, detectors, and patient couch. It explains the processes involved in CT imaging, including scanning the patient, data acquisition through multiple attenuation measurements, image reconstruction, display and archiving. Key aspects of the x-ray tube such as the cathode, anode, focal spot and the role of kVp, mA, and time are summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    73 views19 pages

    Computed Tomography - I RAD 365 CT - Scan: Prepared By: Ala'a Ali Tayem Abed

    Uploaded by

    Dr-Raghad Al-Faham
    The document discusses the components and operation of a computed tomography (CT) imaging system. It describes the main components of a CT scanner including the gantry, x-ray tube, generator, filters, collimators, detectors, and patient couch. It explains the processes involved in CT imaging, including scanning the patient, data acquisition through multiple attenuation measurements, image reconstruction, display and archiving. Key aspects of the x-ray tube such as the cathode, anode, focal spot and the role of kVp, mA, and time are summarized.

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    COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - I

    RAD 365

    CT - Scan

    Prepared By:
    Ala’a Ali Tayem Abed
    Computed Tomography Instrumentation
    And Operation
    Outline
     CT System Components.
     Imaging System.
     Computer System .
     Display, Recording, And Storage Systems.
    Phases Of CT Imaging
    1. Scanning The Patient.
    2. Data Acquisition.
     Multiple Attenuation Measurements Are Taken Around The Object.
    3. Image Reconstruction.
    4. Image Display.
    5. Image Archival (Recording).
    Imaging System

    Scanner:
    • Gantry.
    • Patient Couch.

    Gantry Houses:
     X-ray Tube.
     Generator.
     Filter.
     Collimators.
     Detectors.

    Patient Couch :
     450 Pounds (204 Kg) Distributed Weight Limit.
     Scannable Range: Coverage From Head To Thigh (162 Cm).
    CT Gantry External View

    1. Gantry Aperture (70 cm


    diameter).
    2. Microphone.
    3. Sagittal laser Alignment
    Light.
    4. Patient guide lights.
    5. X-ray exposure indicator
    light.
    6. Emergency stop buttons.
    7. Gantry control panels.
    8. External laser alignment
    lights.
    9. Patient Couch.
    CT Gantry Control Panel

    1. Gantry Tilt (+/-30


    degrees).
    2. Laser Alignment Lights
    on/off.
    3. Couch in/out.
    4. Free (manual) Couch
    Movement.
    5. Zero Couch Position.
    6. Couch up/down.
    7. Home Button (couch out
    & down).
    CT Gantry Internal View
    1. X-Ray Tube.
    2. Filters, Collimator.
    4. X-Ray tube heat exchanger
    (Oil Cooler).
    5. High Voltage Generator
    (0-75 kV)
    6. Direct Drive Gantry Motor.
    7. Rotation Control Unit.
    8. Data Acquisition System
    (DAS).
    9. Detectors.
    10. Slip Rings.
    11. Detector Temperature
    Controller
    12. High Voltage Generator
    (75-150 kV).
    13. Power Unit (AC to DC).
    Gantry Characteristics
    • Tilting Range, (Tilting Range Of Most Scanners +30 To -30 Degrees).
    • Aperture, (Most Of The Scanners Have 70 cm Aperture).

    70 CM
    Tilting Of CT Scanner Gantry
    1. X-ray Tube And X-Ray Production
    The X-ray Tube Axis Is Positioned Perpendicular To The
    Imaging Plane To Reduce The Heal Effect.
    Anode Heal Effect
    Thermionic Emission

     Cathode ( - ) Its Consist Of Filament Heated Up To


    At Least 2,200 Deg Celsius, To Liberate Electrons For
    Transit To Anode.
     Cathode: Made Of Tungsten
     Anode ( + ) Made Of Tungsten And Molybdenum.

    TUNGSTEN
    TARGET

     Focal Spot- CT Utilizes Different Focal Spots.


     Small Focal Spot, And Large Focal Spot.
     Smaller Focal Spot – Sharper Image.
     The CT Large Focal Spot (1 mm).
     The CT Small Focal Spot (0.6 mm).
    mA – Tube Current: The Number Of Electrons Flowing From Cathode To Anode.
    kVp: Potential Difference Between Cathode And Anode, Kilo (Volts).
    S: Time Of Exposure In Second.
    mAs: Tube Current For Certain Length Of Time.
    X-Ray Production Results In A Lot Of Heat And Very Little X-rays Being
    Generated.

    Heat Units Calculation

    HU= kVp X mA X Time

    Most CT Tubes Heat Capacity


    3-5 Million HU
     Reduction Of Heat Units – Technique Compensation: kVp, mA, And Time Will
    Increased Noise.
     kVp Range : 80 - 140.
     Too Low Of kVp: Increased Noise.
    (Not Enough Penetration Of The Patient )

     Tube Voltage (kVp) Change:

    Intensity
    kVp
    Energy

    Noise

    15% Increase Of kVp = 2 * mAs


    Tube Current Change ( mA ):
    Increasing Current Will Increase Intensity, And Energy – No Change.
    Why Changing mA or time????
    o Avoiding motion – time (Pediatric Technique Modification).
    o Reducing Noise - mAs

    NOISE MOTION
    2. High Voltage Generator – (HVG)

     Generates High Voltage Potential Between Cathode And


    Anode Of An X- Ray Tube.
     All CT Imaging System Operate On High Frequency
    Power.
     A High – Frequency Generator Is Small, So It Can Be
    Mounted On The Rotating Gantry.
     kVp Selection ( Tube Potential ): 80, 100, 120, 130,140.
     mA Selection ( Tube Current ): 20, 30, 50, 65, 100, 125,
    150, 175, 200, 400, 500.
    Thank You

    Best Wishes For All

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