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    The Internet and World Wide Web

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    kaye Cruz
    The document provides a brief history of the Internet and how it works. It discusses how the ARPANET project in 1968 led to the development of TCP/IP and early computer networks connecting universities in the US. It describes how the Internet transmits data between computers using IP addresses and domain names, and how users can access the Internet through connections like LAN servers, Internet service providers, or public Wi-Fi networks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Internet and World Wide Web

    Uploaded by

    kaye Cruz
    14 views18 pages
    The document provides a brief history of the Internet and how it works. It discusses how the ARPANET project in 1968 led to the development of TCP/IP and early computer networks connecting universities in the US. It describes how the Internet transmits data between computers using IP addresses and domain names, and how users can access the Internet through connections like LAN servers, Internet service providers, or public Wi-Fi networks.

    Original Description:

    GEEC Living in IT Era

    Original Title

    LESSON IV

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    The document provides a brief history of the Internet and how it works. It discusses how the ARPANET project in 1968 led to the development of TCP/IP and early computer networks connecting universities in the US. It describes how the Internet transmits data between computers using IP addresses and domain names, and how users can access the Internet through connections like LAN servers, Internet service providers, or public Wi-Fi networks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    14 views18 pages

    The Internet and World Wide Web

    Uploaded by

    kaye Cruz
    The document provides a brief history of the Internet and how it works. It discusses how the ARPANET project in 1968 led to the development of TCP/IP and early computer networks connecting universities in the US. It describes how the Internet transmits data between computers using IP addresses and domain names, and how users can access the Internet through connections like LAN servers, Internet service providers, or public Wi-Fi networks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Internet and World

    Wide Web
    A Brief History of the Internet

    • The Internet is made up of thousands of computer


    networks that are connected (networked) to each
    other. These connected computer networks are using
    the communication method called TCP/IP.
    A Brief History of the Internet

    • 1957
    – During the Cold War, on October 4, 1957 the Soviet
    Union (now Russia) quietly launched its first spacecraft
    satellite called Sputnik into orbit. This launch challenged
    the United States Department of Defense to put a high
    priority on research and projects in science and
    technology and created an agency called ARPA
    (Advanced Research Projects Agency).
    A Brief History of the Internet

    • 1968
    – The ARPANET project was handed over to BBN
    Planet (GTE). BBN received its first Honeywell
    mini-computer (Honeywell 516) containing only 12
    kilobytes of ram.
    A Brief History of the Internet

    • 1968
    – The ARPANET project was handed over to BBN
    Planet (GTE). BBN received its first Honeywell
    mini-computer (Honeywell 516) containing only 12
    kilobytes of ram.
    A Brief History of the Internet

    • 1971
    – ARPANET was connecting 23 mini-computers in
    different universities and institutes in the United
    States, and was using the network control protocol
    (NCP) to transfer data.
    A Brief History of the Internet

    • 1973
    – Vinton "Vint" Cerf and Robert E. "Bob" Kahn start a
    project to develop Transmission-Control Protocol
    (TCP)
    • 1974
    – They refer to the term "Internet" for the first time in
    their notes regarding Transmission Control Protocol.
    How the Internet Works

    • In the early days of the Internet, the major


    communications companies around the world agreed
    to connect their networks so that users on all the
    networks could share information over the Internet.
    These large communications companies, called
    network service providers (NSPs).
    • The Internet transmits data from one computer
    (called a host) to another.
    How the Internet Works

    • Each computer on the Internet has an assigned


    address, called its IP address
    • An IP address is a 64-bit number that identifies a
    computer on the Internet.
    • The 64-bit number is typically divided into four bytes
    and translated to decimal
    – Example: 69.32.133.79.
    How the Internet Works

    • Each computer on the Internet has an assigned


    address, called its IP address
    • An IP address is a 64-bit number that identifies a
    computer on the Internet.
    • The 64-bit number is typically divided into four bytes
    and translated to decimal
    – Example: 69.32.133.79.
    How the Internet Works

    • Because people prefer to work with words rather


    than numbers, a system called the Domain Name
    System (DNS) was created.
    – Example : www. cengage.com
    How the Internet Works

    • A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a Web address


    that specifies the exact location of a Web page using
    letters and words that map to an IP address and a
    location on the host.
    – Example: http://www.cengage.com/us/
    How the Internet Works

    • http://www.cengage.com/us/
    • The “http” specifies the access method and tells your
    software to access a file using the Hypertext
    Transport Protocol.
    • The “www” part of the address signifies that the
    address is associated with the World Wide Web
    service.
    How the Internet Works

    • http://www.cengage.com/us/
    • The URL www.cengage.com is the domain name that
    identifies the Internet host site.
    • The part of the address following the domain name
    —/us—specifies an exact location on the host site.
    How the Internet Works

    • Domain names must adhere to strict rules. They always


    have at least two parts, with each part separated by a
    dot (period).
    – The right part of the domain name is the country
    code. Example: .au for Australia, .ph for Philippines
    – The left part of the domain name identifies the host
    network which might be the name of a university or
    business.
    Accessing the Internet

    • You can connect to the Internet in numerous ways.


    1. Connecting via a LAN Server
    a) This approach is used by businesses and organizations
    that manage a local area network (LAN). By
    connecting a server on the LAN to the Internet using a
    router, all users on the LAN are provided access to the
    Internet.
    Accessing the Internet

    • You can connect to the Internet in numerous ways.


    1. Connecting via Internet Service Providers
    a) Will access the Internet through an Internet service
    provider.
    b) Internet service provider (ISP) is any organization
    that provides Internet access to people.
    Accessing the Internet

    • You can connect to the Internet in numerous ways.


    1. Wireless Connection
    a) Thousands of public Wi-Fi services are available in
    coffee shops, airports, hotels, and elsewhere, where
    Internet access is provided free, for an hourly rate, or
    for a monthly subscription fee.

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