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    Lecture 05 - Analog Modulation (Amplitude Modulation II)

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    nabeel hasan
    The document discusses different forms of amplitude modulation including double sideband full carrier (DSB-FC), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC), single sideband transmitted carrier (SSB-TC), and single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC). It provides details on the power distribution in each form and their advantages, such as power conservation and bandwidth conservation in SSB-SC. Examples are also presented to illustrate concepts like percent modulation and power calculations in AM waves.

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    Lecture 05 - Analog Modulation (Amplitude Modulation II)

    Uploaded by

    nabeel hasan
    160 views20 pages
    The document discusses different forms of amplitude modulation including double sideband full carrier (DSB-FC), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC), single sideband transmitted carrier (SSB-TC), and single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC). It provides details on the power distribution in each form and their advantages, such as power conservation and bandwidth conservation in SSB-SC. Examples are also presented to illustrate concepts like percent modulation and power calculations in AM waves.

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    Lecture 05- Analog Modulation (Amplitude Modulation II)

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    The document discusses different forms of amplitude modulation including double sideband full carrier (DSB-FC), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC), single sideband transmitted carrier (SSB-TC), and single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC). It provides details on the power distribution in each form and their advantages, such as power conservation and bandwidth conservation in SSB-SC. Examples are also presented to illustrate concepts like percent modulation and power calculations in AM waves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    160 views20 pages

    Lecture 05 - Analog Modulation (Amplitude Modulation II)

    Uploaded by

    nabeel hasan
    The document discusses different forms of amplitude modulation including double sideband full carrier (DSB-FC), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC), single sideband transmitted carrier (SSB-TC), and single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC). It provides details on the power distribution in each form and their advantages, such as power conservation and bandwidth conservation in SSB-SC. Examples are also presented to illustrate concepts like percent modulation and power calculations in AM waves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    COMSATS Fall 2016(Rev. 1.

    0)

    Principles of Communication Systems (PCS)


    EEE 351

    Lecture # 05
    Analog Modulation
    (Amplitude Modulation II)
    COMSATS PCS

    Upper and Lower Side Bands


    • Usually the modulating data • For a modulated signal with
    consists of a band of USB and LSB, the Bandwidth is
    frequencies. defined as the difference
    between the maximum
    • This band of frequencies results frequency of USB and
    in upper and lower side bands minimum frequency of LSB.
    of frequencies after modulation
    which are known as Upper and • It can be calculated as
    Lower Side Bands. Bandwidth= 2 x fm(max)

    • These side bands are denoted


    as USB and LSB respectively.

    B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
    COMSATS PCS

    Design Problem
    • Example 66.3
    An audio signal given by 15sin2π2000t amplitude modulates a sinusoidal carrier
    wave 60sin2π100,000t. Determine Modulation Index, Percent Modulation,
    Frequencies of signal and carrier, frequency spectrum of the modulated wave.
    Solution:
    COMSATS PCS

    Design Problem
    • Example 66.4
    A bandwidth of 15MHz is available for AM transmission. If the maximum audio signal
    frequency used for modulating the carrier is not to exceed 15kHz, how many stations
    can broadcast within this band simultaneously without interfering with each other?
    Solution:
    COMSATS PCS

    Design Problem
    • Example 66.5
    In a broadcasting studio, a 1000kHz carrier is modulated by an audio signal of frequency
    range100-5000Hz. Find (i) width or frequency range of side bands (ii) maximum and
    minimum frequencies of USB (iii) maximum and minimum frequencies of LSB and (iv)
    width of the channel.
    Solution:
    COMSATS PCS

    Mathematical Analysis of Modulated Carrier


    Wave

    B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
    COMSATS PCS

    Mathematical Analysis of Modulated Carrier


    Wave

    B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
    COMSATS PCS

    Power Relations in AM Wave


    • An amplitude modulated wave has • Power radiated by a wave through
    three major components antenna is proportional to the
    – Original Carrier wave of amplitude A. square of the amplitude
    – USF wave of amplitude (mA/2). Power ∝ (Amplitude)2
    – LSF wave of amplitude (mA/2).

    • Carrier Power, PC
    • To calculate the total power content
    of an AM wave, the individual power PC ∝ A2 =KA2.
    components are calculated and
    summed together. • USB Power, PUSB
    PUSB ∝ (B/2)2 =KB2/4
    • Let
    – Pc = Carrier Power.
    • LSB Power, PLSB
    – PUSB= USB Power.
    – PLSB = LSB Power PLSB ∝ (B/2)2 =KB2/4
    COMSATS PCS

    Power Relations in AM Wave


    • Total Sideband Power, PSB • PC = PT [2/(2+ m2)]
    PSB = KB2/4 +KB2/4= KB2/2
    • Total Sideband Power(PSB) is
    • Total Power Radiated from antenna, difference between power
    PT transmitted (PT) and power of the
    PT = PC + PSB carrier wave (PC)
    PT = KA2 + KB2/2
    Putting B=mA and simplifying PSB = PT - PC = PC [1+ (m2/2)] - PC
    PT = KA2 [1+ (m2/2)] PSB = (m2/2)PC = [m2/(2+m2)]PT
    Putting KA2 = PC
    • PUSB= PLSB=½ PSB= ½[m2/(2+m2)]PT
    PT = PC [1+ (m2/2)]
    PT = PC [(2+ m2)/2]
    COMSATS PCS

    Power Relations in AM Wave


    • Considering a case where m=1 or • PSB= (1/2) PC
    100% = 50% of Carrier Power

    • PT = 1.5PC = 1.5 x Carrier Power • (PUSB /PT)= (PUSB /PT)


    = (0.25 PC /1.5 PC)= 1/6
    • PC = (2/3)PT
    = (2/3) x Total Radiated Power

    • PUSB= PLSB=(1/4)PC
    = 25% of Carrier Power
    COMSATS PCS

    Design Problem
    • Example 66.7
    The total power content of an AM wave is 1500W. For 100% modulation ,
    determine (i) Power transmitted by carrier and (ii) Power Transmitted by
    each sideband.
    Solution:
    COMSATS PCS

    Design Problem
    • Example 66.8
    The total power content of an AM wave is 2.64kW at the percent
    modulation of 80%. Determine the power content of (i) Carrier and (ii) Each
    Sideband.
    Solution:
    COMSATS PCS

    Design Problem
    • Example 66.9
    A transmitter used for radio telephone has an unmodulated carrier power of 10 kW and
    can be modulated to a maximum of 80% by a single frequency signal before
    overloading. Find the value to which carrier power can be increased if the 50%
    modulation limit is imposed.
    Solution:
    COMSATS PCS

    Design Problem
    • Example 66.10
    A certain transmitter radiated 10kW of power with the carrier unmodulated and 11.8
    kW with the carrier modulated by sinusoid. Find (i) Percent modulation and (ii) If
    another wave modulated to 40 % is also transmitted , calculate the radiated power.
    Solution:
    COMSATS PCS

    Forms of Amplitude Modulation


    • Standard AM wave contains a carrier • Depending upon the component
    and two side bands and is generally suppresses or removed, there are
    referred to as Double Side Band- Full three forms of Amplitude
    Carrier (DSB-FC). modulation(AM).

    • In DSB-FC, carrier conveys no


    information while the two side bands
    • These forms include
    are exact replicas of each other and – Double Sideband- Suppressed
    hence carry the same information. Carrier, (DSB-SC)
    – Single Sideband-Transmitted
    • Carrier, (SSB-TC)
    On the basis of above mentioned
    reasons, it is possible to suppress the – Single Sideband- Suppressed
    carrier or one side band or both the Carrier, SSB-SC
    carrier and a sideband without any
    loss of information.
    COMSATS PCS

    Double Sideband-Suppressed Carrier (DSB-


    SC)
    • In this system, the carrier is suppressed and sidebands are transmitted
    only. For 100% modulation (m=1), carrier signal contains 2/3 of the total
    transmitted power.

    • With m=1, suppression of the carrier saves 2/3 of the total transmitted
    power(Approximately 66.67% of PT).

    B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
    COMSATS PCS

    Single Sideband-Transmitted Carrier (SSB-TC)


    • In this case, one sideband is suppressed and carrier along with the other
    sideband is transmitted. For 100% modulation (m=1), the total power
    content of one sideband is equal to 1/6 of the total transmitted power.

    • With m=1, suppression of only one sideband saves 1/6 of the total
    transmitted power(Approximately 16.67% of PT).

    B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
    COMSATS PCS

    Single Sideband-Suppressed Carrier (SSB-SC)


    • In this case, carrier along with one side band is suppressed and only one
    sideband is transmitted. For 100% modulation(m=1), the total power content
    of carrier and one sideband is equal to 5/6 of the total transmitted power.

    • With m=1, suppression of carrier and one sideband saves 5/6 of the total
    transmitted power (Approximately 83.34% of P T).

    B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
    COMSATS PCS

    Advantages of SSB-SC
    • Power Conservation (Approximately 83.34%).
    • Bandwidth Conservation (Approximately 50%).
    • Lesser Power Supply Requirement (Battery size is reduced as a result).
    • Less Noise (Smaller Bandwidth causes lesser accumulation of noise).
    • But DSB-SC is most frequently used, Why?
    • Find out the applications of different forms of Amplitude Modulation.

    B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Engineering, Volume IV.
    COMSATS PCS

    References
    [1] B.L. Theraja, S.G. Tarnekar, A.K. Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical
    Engineering, Volume IV.

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