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    Joints

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    Preety Shrestha
    There are three types of joints in the body: fibrous joints which are immovable, cartilaginous joints which allow slight movement, and synovial joints which are freely movable. Fibrous joints include sutures which fuse skull bones, and gomphoses which attach teeth to jaws. Cartilaginous joints are primary cartilaginous joints between growing bone or secondary joints like the pubic symphysis. Synovial joints have the most mobility and include hinge, pivot, and ball-and-socket joints.

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    Joints

    Uploaded by

    Preety Shrestha
    130 views24 pages
    There are three types of joints in the body: fibrous joints which are immovable, cartilaginous joints which allow slight movement, and synovial joints which are freely movable. Fibrous joints include sutures which fuse skull bones, and gomphoses which attach teeth to jaws. Cartilaginous joints are primary cartilaginous joints between growing bone or secondary joints like the pubic symphysis. Synovial joints have the most mobility and include hinge, pivot, and ball-and-socket joints.

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    There are three types of joints in the body: fibrous joints which are immovable, cartilaginous joints which allow slight movement, and synovial joints which are freely movable. Fibrous joints include sutures which fuse skull bones, and gomphoses which attach teeth to jaws. Cartilaginous joints are primary cartilaginous joints between growing bone or secondary joints like the pubic symphysis. Synovial joints have the most mobility and include hinge, pivot, and ball-and-socket joints.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    130 views24 pages

    Joints

    Uploaded by

    Preety Shrestha
    There are three types of joints in the body: fibrous joints which are immovable, cartilaginous joints which allow slight movement, and synovial joints which are freely movable. Fibrous joints include sutures which fuse skull bones, and gomphoses which attach teeth to jaws. Cartilaginous joints are primary cartilaginous joints between growing bone or secondary joints like the pubic symphysis. Synovial joints have the most mobility and include hinge, pivot, and ball-and-socket joints.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    JOINTS

    Introduction of Joints
    • Joint (or articulation)-
    • the junction between two or more bones.
    • With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the
    body is connected to or forms a joint.
    • 230 joints in the body
    • classified structurally and functionally.
    • Structural classification is determined by how the bones
    connect to each other
    • functional classification is determined by the degree of
    movement between the articulating bones
    Joint Functions
    • 1. Hold the skeletal bones together
    • 2. Allow the skeleton some flexibility so gross
    • movement can occur
    • 3. Make bone growth possible
    Structural Classification of Joints

    1. Fibrous(Fixed) 2.Cartilaginous(Slightly movable) 3.Synovial Freely(movable)

    A. Sutures A. Primary. Cart. joints 1. Plane


    1. Plane (Synchondrosis) 2. Hinge
    2. Squamous B. Secondary. cart. Joints 3. Pivot
    3. Serrate (Symphysis) 4. Bicondylar
    4. Dentate 5. Ellipsoid
    5. Schindylesis 6. Saddle
    B. Gomphosis 7. Ball and socket
    C. Syndesmosis
    1. Fibrous/Immovable
    • Fibrous/Immovable bones are connected by dense connective tissue,
    consisting mainly of collagen fiber.
    • There is no cavity, or space, present between the bones
    • The fibrous joints are further divided into three types
    A. Sutures
    B. Gomphosis
    C. Syndesmosis
    A. Sutures
    • Sutures or synostoses are found
    only in the skull and possess short
    fibers of dense connective tissue
    that hold the skull bones tightly in
    place.
    • In fetal skulls the sutures are wide
    to allow slight movement during
    birth.
    • They later become rigid due to
    ossification (synostoses )
    TYPES OF SUTURES

    Eg. Sagittal suture


    1. Plane Sutures
    • Examples:
    • i) Suture between horizontal plates of
    two palatine bones (Interpalatine
    suture).
    • ii) Palato-maxillary suture.
    • iii) Zygomatico-palatine suture.
    • Here the interlocking surfaces are
    slightly rough and irregular.
    • Pure plane surfaces are seldom found.
    • They can resist extreme torsional
    forces
    2. Squamous sutures
    • Example:
    • Temporo-parietal suture present
    between temporal and parietal
    bones.
    • Here the two articulating bones
    OVERLAP each other and are
    beveled reciprocally, i.e., one
    bone internally and the other
    externally.
    3-Serrate Sutures
    • Example:
    • Sagittal suture
    between two
    parietal bones.
    • Here the shape
    of articulating
    surfaces is saw
    like.
    4. Denticulate suture
    • Example:
    • Lambdoid suture present
    between parietal and occipital
    bones.
    • The shape of articulating
    surfaces is tooth-like.
    • Here the two bones are more
    firmly united as compared with
    the serrate sutures
    5. Wedge and groove
    suture(Schindylesis)
    • Example:
    • Vomero-sphenoid suture — the
    suture between vomer bone and
    rostrum of sphenoid bone.
    • Here a ridged-bone fits into the
    groove present on a neighboring
    bone
    B. Gomphoses
    • It is a specialized fibrous joint in
    which the teeth fit into their
    sockets situated in the maxilla and
    mandible (i.e., upper and lower
    jaws).
    • The ligament which connects the
    tooth with the socket or alveolus
    is called PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.
    • It provides an independent and
    firm suspension for each tooth
    C. Syndesmoses
    • It is a type of fibrous joint in which
    the two bones are united with each
    other by INTEROSSEOUS
    LIGAMENTS.
    • In this joint a slight degree of
    movements could be observed
    which is due to twisting or
    stretching of an interosseous
    ligament
    • Eg-interosseous radioulnar joint,
    • Inferior tibio-fibular joint
    CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS
    • Cartilaginous joints are those joints in which the bone forming joints
    are united by means of either hyaline cartilage or fibro cartilage
    • Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a
    fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint
    • The cartilaginous joints also lack the joint Cavity
    • There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
    A. Primary cartilaginous joints
    B. Secondary cartilaginous joints
    A. Primary cartilaginous
    joints(SYNCHONDROSES)
    • Primary cartilaginous joints -
    Known as "synchondroses".
    • Bones forming joints are
    connected by a plate of hyaline
    cartilage.
    • These joints are immovable and
    mostly temporary in nature.
    • This cartilage may ossify with
    age.
    Primary cartilaginous joints
    • Examples are the joint between
    the first rib and the manubrium
    of the sternum
    • Joint between epiphysis and
    diaphysis of growing long bone.
    B. Secondary cartilaginous joints
    • Secondary cartilaginous joints - Known as "symphysis".
    • In these joints the articular surfaces of bone forming the joints are
    covered by thin plates of hyaline cartilage, which are connected by a
    disc of fibrocartilage.
    B. Secondary cartilaginous
    joints(SYMPHYSES)
    • Example:-symphysis pubis
    • Intervertebral disc
    • Manubriosternal joint
    • Symphysis menti
    Synovial
    • Synovial joints have a space
    between the articulating bones
    for synovial fluid.
    • This classification contains joints
    that are the most mobile of the
    three, and includes the knee and
    shoulder.
    Structural Classification of Joints

    1. Fibrous(Fixed) 2.Cartilaginous(Slightly movable) 3.Synovial Freely(movable)

    A. Sutures A. Primary. Cart. joints 1. Plane


    1. Plane (Synchondrosis) 2. Hinge
    2. Squamous B. Secondary. cart. Joints 3. Pivot
    3. Serrate (Symphysis) 4. Bicondylar
    4. Dentate 5. Ellipsoid
    5. Schindylesis 6. Saddle
    B. Gomphosis 7. Ball and socket
    C. Syndesmosis

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