Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 92 views

    Glycogen Metabolism

    Uploaded by

    Shruti Mishra
    Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose found in liver and muscle cells. [1] Glycogen phosphorylase and debranching enzyme break down glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate. [2] Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, which can enter glycolysis or be converted to glucose in the liver. [3] Glycogen synthase adds glucose residues to glycogen using UDP-glucose as the donor, while branching enzyme introduces branch points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Glycogen Metabolism

    Uploaded by

    Shruti Mishra
    92 views11 pages
    Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose found in liver and muscle cells. [1] Glycogen phosphorylase and debranching enzyme break down glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate. [2] Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, which can enter glycolysis or be converted to glucose in the liver. [3] Glycogen synthase adds glucose residues to glycogen using UDP-glucose as the donor, while branching enzyme introduces branch points.

    Original Description:

    GLYCOGEN METABOLISM LIFE CYCLE

    Original Title

    Glycogen metabolism

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose found in liver and muscle cells. [1] Glycogen phosphorylase and debranching enzyme break down glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate. [2] Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, which can enter glycolysis or be converted to glucose in the liver. [3] Glycogen synthase adds glucose residues to glycogen using UDP-glucose as the donor, while branching enzyme introduces branch points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    92 views11 pages

    Glycogen Metabolism

    Uploaded by

    Shruti Mishra
    Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose found in liver and muscle cells. [1] Glycogen phosphorylase and debranching enzyme break down glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate. [2] Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, which can enter glycolysis or be converted to glucose in the liver. [3] Glycogen synthase adds glucose residues to glycogen using UDP-glucose as the donor, while branching enzyme introduces branch points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 11

    Glycogen synthesis

    A polymer of glucose
    Found in liver and muscle
    Liver: maintain blood
    glucose conc.
    Muscle: glycolytic pathway
    Why so many branches?
    The Metabolism of Glycogen in
    Animals
    1. Glycogen is stored in muscle and liver as large
    particles. Contained within the particles are the
    enzymes that metabolize glycogen, as well as
    regulatory enzymes.

    2. Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes


    phosphorolytic cleavage at the nonreducing ends
    of glycogen chains, producing glucose 1-
    phosphate. The debranching enzyme transfers
    branches onto main chains and releases the
    residue at the (1→6) branch as free glucose.
    The Metabolism of Glycogen in
    Animals

    3. Phosphoglucomutase interconverts glucose


    1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate.
    Glucose 6-phosphate can enter glycolysis
    or, in liver, can be converted to free glucose
    by glucose 6-phosphatase in the
    endoplasmic reticulum, then released to
    replenish blood glucose.
    CH 2 OH
    H O H
    H
    OH H
    OPO 3 2
    Glycogen catabolism OH
    H OH
    (breakdown): glucose-1-phosphate

    Glycogen Phosphorylase catalyzes phosphorolytic


    cleavage of the (14) glycosidic linkages of glycogen,
    releasing glucose-1-phosphate as reaction product.
    glycogen(n residues) + Pi 
    glycogen (n–1 residues) + glucose-1-phosphate
    This phosphorolysis may be compared to hydrolysis:
    Hydrolysis: R-O-R' + HOH  R-OH + R'-OH
    Phosphorolysis: R-O-R' + HO-PO32-  R-OH + R'-O-PO32-
    H O
    Pyridoxal phosphate O C
    O
    (PLP), a derivative of P
    H2
    C OH
    vitamin B6, serves as O
    O
    prosthetic group for 
    N CH3
    Glycogen Phosphorylase. H
    p yrid o x al ph o sp h ate (P L P )
    Glycogen Glucose
    Hexokinase or Glucokinase
    Glucose-6-Pase
    Glucose-1-P Glucose-6-P Glucose + Pi
    Glycolysis
    Pathway
    Pyruvate
    Glucose metabolism in liver.

    Glucose-6-phosphate may enter Glycolysis or (mainly in


    liver) be dephosphorylated for release to the blood.
    Liver Glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes the following,
    essential to the liver's role in maintaining blood glucose:
    glucose-6-phosphate + H2O  glucose + Pi
    Most other tissues lack this enzyme.
    The Metabolism of Glycogen in
    Animals

    4. The sugar nucleotide UDP-glucose donates


    glucose residues to the nonreducing end of
    glycogen in the reaction catalyzed by
    glycogen synthase. A separate branching
    enzyme produces the (1→6) linkages at
    branch points.
    The Metabolism of Glycogen in
    Animals
    5. New glycogen particles begin with the
    autocatalytic formation of a glycosidic bond
    between the glucose of UDP-glucose and a
    Tyr residue in the protein glycogenin,
    followed by addition of several glucose
    residues to form a primer that can be acted
    upon by glycogen synthase.

    8
    CH 2 OH CH 2 OH
    O O
    glycogen
    H H H H
    H H
    OH H OH H 1
    O
    OH
    O
    H OH H OH

    CH 2 OH CH 2 OH 6 CH 2 CH 2 OH CH 2 OH
    H O H H O H H 5 O H H O H H O H
    H H H H H
    OH H OH H OH H 1 4 OH H OH H
    4 O O
    O O OH
    OH
    3 2
    H OH H OH H OH H OH H OH

    Glycogen is a polymer of glucose residues linked by


     (14) glycosidic bonds, mainly
     (16) glycosidic bonds, at branch points.
    Glycogen chains & branches are longer than shown.
    Glucose is stored as glycogen predominantly in liver and
    muscle cells.
    Glycogen synthesis

    Fig. 15-18

    10
    Branch synthesis in glycogen

    Fig. 15-9. A segment of 6-7 residues is removed from a branch at


    least 11 residues long and each new branch point must be at least 4
    residues (usually 8-12) away from the nearest existing branch point
    11

    You might also like