Group 2

CHESS AND
VOLLEYBALL
 VOLLEYBALL
 It is a game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in
which the players used their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a
high net, trying to make ball touch the court within the opponent’s
playing area before it can be returned. To prevent this a player on the
opposing team bats the ball up and toward a teammate before it touches
the court surface – that teammate may then volley it back across the net.
A team is allowed only three touches of the ball before it must be
returned over the net.
HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL
 In 1895– volleyball was originally called “mintonette”, invented by William
G. Morgan after the invention of basketball 4 years before. William Morgan
designed the game to be a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis, and
handball.

 In 1896-- the first game of volleyball was played at Springfield College.

 In 1916--the offensive style of setting and spiking was first demonstrated at

the Philippines.
• In 1930– the first two-man beach volleyball game was played,
though the professional side of the sport did not emerge until
much later.
• In 1964-- volleyball made it's Olympic debut at the Tokyo games
and Beach volleyball made it's Olympic in 1996 at Atlanta.
• In 1965– the first beach volleyball association appeared in
California, and the professionals players united under the
auspices of AVP (American Volleyball Professionals) in 1983.
• In 1996-- the volleyball was formally introduced in the
Olympics.
 TERMINOLOGIES IN
VOLLEYBALL
 Ace-- a serve that is not passable and results immediately in a point.
 Antenna-- the vertical rod mounted near the edges of the net.
 Approach-- fast stride toward the net by a spiker before he jumps in the air.
 Assist-- passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill.
 Attack-- the offensive action of hitting the ball.
 Attack Block-- receiving players aggressive attempt to block a spike ball before it crosses the net.
 Attack Error-- an unsuccessful attack.
 Attacker-- also known as hitter or spiker. A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of
terminating play in his or her team's favor.
 Beach Dig-- an open hand received of the ball, also known as "deep dish".
 Block-- a defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spike ball back to the hitter's court.
• Bump-- a common term for forearm passing.
• Bump pass-- the use of joined forearms to pass or set a ball
in an underhand manner.
• Foul-- a violation of the rules.
• Line-- the marks that serves as boundaries of a court.
• Set-- the tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point
where a player can spike it into the opponent's court
• Serve-- one of the 6 basic skill; used into put the ball into
play..
• Serve-- the person who puts the ball into play.
• Spike-- also known as hit or attack. A ball contacted with
force by a player on the offensive team who intends to
terminate the ball on the opponent's blocker.
 RULES
• 6 players on the floor at any one time - 3 in the front row and 3 in
the back row

• Maximum of 3 hits per side

• Points are made on every serve for wining team of rally (rally-point
scoring).

• Player may not hit the ball twice in succession. (A block is not
considered a hit.)

• Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.
 RULES
 A ball hitting a boundary line is in.

 A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the

court, any of the net or cables outside the antennae, the referee stand
or pole, the ceiling above a non-playable area.

 It is legal to contact the ball with any part of player’s body.

 It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.

 BA S I C VO L L E Y BA L L RU L E
V I O L AT I O N S
• When serving, the player steps on or across the service line as while making contact
with the ball.
• Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
• Ball-handling errors. Contacting the ball illegally (double touching, lifting, carrying,
throwing, etc.)
• Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play.
• When blocking a ball coming from the opponent’s court, it’s illegal to contact the
ball when reaching over the net if both your opponent has not used 3 contacts AND
they have a player there to make a play on the ball.
• When attacking a ball coming from the opponent’s court, contacting the ball when
reaching over the net is a violation if the ball has not yet broken the vertical plane of
the net.
• Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body is a
violation. Exception: if it is the hand or foot. In this case, the
entire hand or entire foot must cross for it to be a violation.
• Serving out of rotation/order.
• Back-row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from the
opponent) when, at the moment of contact, the back-row
player is near the net and has part of his/her body above the
top of the net. This is an illegal block.
• Back-row player attacking a ball inside the front zone (the
area inside the 3M/10-foot line) when, at the moment of
contact, the ball is completely above the net. This is an illegal
attack.
 A R E A O F T H E VO L L E Y BA L L
COURT

 The official indoor volleyball court size in American measuring units is

29'6" by 29 feet and six inches for the half court area.

 The full volleyball court area is 59 feet x 29' 6".

 If you were using the metric system then the half court area is 9
meters by 9 meters while the entire court is 18 meters long by 9 meters
wide.
 THE VOLLEYBALL BALL
• modern balls have been standardized to a weight of 9 to 12-ounces and a
ball circumference of 25 to 27-inches in diameter.
• The indoor setting. Indoor setting for volleyball includes a court floor.
These balls are a combination of two or three different colors, or they can
be completely white. There are two different styles: youth and adult.
1. The youth volleyball ball for indoor use is 63 to 65-centimeters or 25 to 26-
inches in circumference. They weigh 9.2 to 9.9 ounces, or 260-280-grams.
Internal pressure of these balls are set at 4.3 psi or 0.30-kgf-per-centimeter-
squared.
2. The adult indoor volleyball ball is 65 to 67-centimeters or 25.5 to 26.5-inches
in circumference. They weigh 9.2 to 9.9-ounces or 260 to 280-grams. They
have a psi of 4.3 to 4.6, or 0.3 to 0.325-kgf-per-centimeter-squared.
 The beach setting.

The beach setting

• Beach volleyball balls are between 66 to 68-
centimeters in circumference or 26 to 27-inches.
They have a general mass of 260 to 280-grams
or 9.2 to 9.9-ounces. Their psi is set at 2.5 up to
3.2, or 0.175 to 0.225-kgf-per-centimeter-
squared.
HISTORY OF CHESS
 HISTORY OF CHESS
 Many countries claim to have invented the chess game in some incipient form. The
most commonly held belief is that chess originated in India, where it was called
Chaturanga, which appears to have been invented in the 6th century AD. Although this is
commonly believed, it is thought that Persians created a more modern version of the
game after the Indians. In fact, the oldest known chess pieces have been found in
excavations of ancient Persian territories.
 Another theory exists that chess arose from the similar game of Chinese chess, or at
least a predecessor thereof, existing in China since the 2nd century BC. Joseph Needham
and David Li are two of many scholars who have favored this theory.
• Chess eventually spread westward to Europe and eastward as far as
Japan, spawning variants as it went. One theory suggests that it
migrated from India to Persia, where its terminology was translated
into Persian, and its name changed to chatrang. The entrance of
chess into Europe, notably, is marked by a massive improvement in
the powers of the queen. The oldest known texts describing chess
seem to indicate a bi-directional spread from the Persian empire. In
fact, the oldest known reference points to Shah Ardashir as being a
master of the game, his rule was from 224 - 241 AD. This would
indicate that chess was invented some time before his rule.
• From Persia it entered the Islamic world, where
the names of its pieces largely remained in
their Persian forms in early Islamic times. Its
name became shatranj, which continued in
Spanish as ajedrez and in Greek as zatrikion,
but in most of Europe was replaced by
versions of the Persian word shah = "king".
• There is a theory that this name replacement
happened because, before the game of chess
came to Europe, merchants coming to
Europe brought ornamental chess kings as
curiosities and with them their name shah,
which Europeans mispronounced in various
ways.
 TERMINOLOGIES IN CHESS
 Action Chess: A game where each player only has 30 minutes to make all his
moves.

 Attack: When you move a piece to a square where you could capture an opponent’s
piece NEXT move.

 Back Rank: The rank where a player sets up his major pieces (1st for White; 8th for
Black)

 Back-Rank Mate: A checkmate on the 1st or 8th rank with a Rook or Queen.

 Battery: Lining up two pieces that move similarly, like a Queen and Rook or Queen
and Bishop.
TERMINOLOGIES IN CHESS

 Blunder: A bad move; primarily a move that turns a win into a loss or draw,
or a draw into a loss.
 Bughouse: A variant of chess with two players on each side – a player gets
the pieces his partner captures.
 Capture: (or Take) not Kill – to remove a piece from the board via a legal
move.
 Castle: To move your unmoved King 2 squares toward an unmoved Rook
and to move the Rook on the other side of the King is the castling move.
 Check: An attack on the King. You do not have to announce “check”.
• Checkmate: An attack on the King where there is no way for your
opponent to finish his turn and no longer have the King attacked. To
be checkmated.
• Double Attack: An attack on two (or more) pieces by a single move
• Draw: Any game that ends without either player winning
• Endgame: The part of the game where the King should come out
and fight
• Illegal Move: A move that either a) Moves a piece in an illegal
manner, or 2) Results in an illegal position.
• Pin: An attack (by a Rook, Bishop or Queen) on a piece that cannot
or should not move, because a piece behind the attacked piece is
worth even more. If the piece behind is a King, this is an “absolute”
pin and the pinned piece is not allowed to move, or it would put the
King into check.
• Ply: A half-move, or the move of one player. When both players
move, that is two ply, or one full move.
• Repetition: A type of draw where the same position is reached
three times with the same player to move. Does not require the
same moves and can occur at any point in the game
• Resigns: When you purposely turn down your King or say “I
resign” – the game is over and you lose. Note that shaking hands
does not end a game.
• Semi-Open File: A file with only one pawn, belonging to the
opponent.
• Stalemate: When the player to move isn’t in check, but none of his
pieces can move. This is a type of draw - but not all draws are
stalemates.
• Tactics: The mechanics of combining piece moves and
creating threats; involving piece safety, checks, attacks, etc.
Advanced tactics are considered “combinations” of tactical
motifs, such as pins, forks, removal of the guard and so forth.
• Touch Move: The rule that says if you touch a piece you have
to move it. If you let go of a piece you have to leave it there,
and if you purposely displace an opponent’s piece, you have
to take it.
• Threat: A move which can win material, checkmate, or make
progress next move if the opponent does not stop it.
Attacking an undefended piece is a possible threat.
• Tempo: The “time” invested in developing the pieces
harmoniously. A pawn is said to be worth 3 tempi, or 3 turns.
 WHAT ABOUT CHESS?

 The chess board consists of 64 squares over 8 horizontal ranks and

8 vertical files.

 Every player has 16 chess pieces – one side White, the other Black.

 These include pawns, knights, bishops, rooks, queens, and kings.

 In total, each side has 8 pawns, 2 rooks, 2 knights, 2 bishops, and a

single queen and king.
 WHAT ABOUT CHESS?
 The pawns are situated on the second rank in front of your
other chess pieces. The rooks sit in the corners, next to them the
knights, then the bishops.

 The queen sits on the square of her own color, and the king
stands next to her

 . Chess is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks

and denoted with numbers 1 to 8) and eight columns (called files
and denoted with letters a to h) of squares.
 WHAT ABOUT CHESS?
The colors of the sixty-four squares alternate between light
and dark, and are referred to as "light squares" and "dark
squares".
The chessboard is placed so that each player has a white
square in the near right hand corner, and the pieces are set out
as shown in the diagram, with each queen on a square that
matches its color.
 RULES AND REGULATIONS

 White is always first to move and players take turns alternately moving one piece
at a time. Movement is required. If a player´s turn is to move, he is not in check but
has no legal moves, this situation is called “Stalemate” and it ends the game in a
draw.

 Each type of piece has its own method of movement. A piece may be moved to
another position or may capture an opponent´s piece, replacing on its square (en
passant being the only exception). With the exception of the knight, a piece may not
move over or through any of the other pieces.
 RULES AND REGULATIONS

 When a king is threatened with capture (but can protect himself or

escape), it´s called check. If a king is in check, then the player must make
a move that eliminates the threat of capture and cannot leave the king in
check.

 Checkmate happens when a king is placed in check and there is no

legal move to escape. Checkmate ends the game and the side whose king
was checkmated looses. Chess for kids would be a great option to help the
kid enhance his thinking capability with the chess strategies involved.
 CHESS
PIECES AND
MOVES
 KING

 King can move exactly one

square vertically, horizontally or
diagonally. At most once in
every game, each king is allowed
to make a special move, known
as castling.
 QUEEN
 Queen can move any
number of vacant squares
diagonally, horizontally or
vertically. Also, it is the most
powerful piece in chess.
 ROOK
Rook can move any
number of vacant
squares vertically or
horizontally. It also is
moved while castling.
 BISHOP

Bishop can
move any number
of squares in any
diagonal direction.
 KNIGHT
 Knight can move one
square along rank or file and
then at an angle. The knight’s
movement can also be
viewed as “L” or “7” laid out
at any horizontal or vertical
angle.
 PAWNS
 Pawns can move forward one square, if that
one square is unoccupied. If it has not yet
moved, the pawn has the option of moving two
squares forward provided both squares in front
of the pawn are unoccupied. A pawn cannot
move backward. Pawn are the only pieces that
capture differently from how they move. They
can capture an enemy piece on either of the
two spaces adjacent to the space in front of
them. The pawn is also involved in the two
special moves en passant and promotion.