THE ROTH PHILOSOPHY

Made By- Dr Rohit Kulshrestha

IIIrd Year PG
Department of Orthodontics
 INTRODUCTION
 ROTH TREATMENT
 ANDREWS SIX KEYS TO NORMAL OCCLUSION
 BRACKET SETUP
 TIP AND TORQUE
 TREATMENT MECHANICS
 REPOSITIONING SPLINT
 IDEAL FUNCTIONAL OCCLUSION
 PHASES OF TREATMENT
 INTRODUCTION
In 1968, R . H ROTH was introduced to Dr. L.F. ANDREWS
of San Diego.

Roth started using straight wire appliance in his practice in

1970 when Andrews gave him the first set of prototype
brackets that were welded into pinched band material and
had been machined at great expense.
He did extensive work in Andrews SWA and published two
articles namely

1.Five year clinical evaluation of Andrews SW appliance.(1976

jco)

2.The SW appliance 17 years later (1987 jco).

He started designing his own prescription as a clinical trial

and error evaluation that lasted several years.

Cases were evaluated by the use of

•Intra oral photograph and
•Mounted models for tooth positions
According to him teeth tend to relapse back from which they
started, and if counter-tip, counter-rotation, counter-torque, and
leveling of the curve of Spee were applied to the SWA in every
possible direction, then it should be possible to use primarily
one prescription for most cases, and to finish to an "END OF
APPLIANCE THERAPY" goal in which all tooth positions are
slightly overcorrected and from which the teeth will most
likely settle into non-orthodontic normal positions.
So with the concept of overcorrection he designed his

comprehensive prescription using the available Andrews

extraction brackets.
 THE ROTH Rx

In 1979, Roth introduced a

bracket setup containing

modifications of the tip,

torque, rotations and in out

movement of the Andrews

standard setup brackets.

Ronald H. Roth
The major difference between the Andrews philosophy and
the Roth approach to the use of the straight wire appliance has
to do with the manner in which the teeth are moved and not
necessarily the desired end result or the result attained.
ANDREWS attempts to translate teeth throughout
treatment without ever tipping teeth. This leads to the
necessity of utilizing sliding mechanics and number of
different series of brackets to solve the problem of
translating teeth depending on how far the teeth must
be moved.
In the ROTH approach, tipping of teeth is allowed, by
using round wires in the initial phase of the treatment,
but the attempt is to keep the tipping to a minimum
wherein it is not necessary to resort to complex
mechanics to do the uprighting
Andrews' occlusion study was based purely upon anatomical
measurements of tooth positions on untreated normals.
According to him teeth should be positioned from an
“ANATOMICAL STANDPOINT’”

Roth’s occlusion study was based purely upon

pantographically recorded and mounted a large number of
post-treatment orthodontic cases on the Stuart articulator
According to him natural teeth should be positioned from a
“GNATHOLOGICAL STANDPOINT”
Andrews SW appliance…..
Andrews collected 120 Non orthodontic models. He studied
these models anatomically and laid down his “six keys to
normal occlusion”

I MOLAR RELATION IV ROTATIONS

II CROWN ANGULATION V TIGHT CONTACTS
III CROWN INCLINATION VI CURVE OF SPE
- What made Roth to modify Andrews SW appliance
Inventory problem-To treat different cases clinicians were to
buy band kits for all Andrews sets and series. They are very
extensive inventory on the self. Also, changing anything about
the appliances would be prohibitively expensive.
Anchorage loss -When mesially angulated brackets are
placed on the posterior teeth, the teeth tend to tip
mesially and migrate forward that resulted is anchorage
loss.

Problem in finishing - To achieve desired tooth

positions with the standard SWA, it was necessary to
finish the mechanotherapy phase of treatment by
placing compensating and reverse curve in the upper
and lower arch wire.
Comparison of sagittal and vertical dental changes during
first phase of orthodontic treatment with MBT vs ROTH
prescription
Talapaneni et al. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 23(2), 2012

The following conclusions were obtained from these

in-vivo investigations:

• A significant retroclination of upper and lower incisors

occurred with MBT prescription after first phase of orthodontic
mechanotherapy while there could be a proclination of labial
segments with Roth prescription.
• Mesial migration of the upper molars was evident in patient treated
with Roth prescription hence reinforcement of molar anchorage is
deemed to the necessary in the maxillary arch right from the onset of
the orthodontic treatment.
• ROTH prescription was characterized by significant forward
inclination of the canines, while canine distalized into extraction
spaces with no influence on incisal proclination in the MBT
prescription.

Results from this random clinical trial showed that MBT technique
effectively addressed perceived inadequacies of ROTH philosophy
Roth's rationale for his bracket set up.

The purpose of the Roth setup was to provide over corrected

tooth positions prior to appliance removal that would allow
the teeth in most instances to settle to what was found is non
orthodontic normals studied by Andrews.
•With the appliance in place, it is virtually impossible,
because of bracket interference, to position the teeth
precisely into the occlusion shown by the non
orthodontic normal sample.

•After appliance removal no matter how well treated the

patient may be, the teeth will shift slightly from the
positions they occupied at the time the appliance were
removed.
•Play or tipping freedom - Due to the play between the arch
wire and bracket, the delivered tip, torque and rotations
forces are less than the designated amount “built in” the slot
which need over correction to compensates for play.
•The curve of Spee will return or deepen after appliance
removal.
•Teeth adjacent to an extraction site will tend to rotate and tip
towards the extraction site.
•As teeth in the buccal segments settle they will rotate and
tip mesially, so if they are overcorrected and slightly tipped
distally, they will tend to settle better than teeth that are
already mesially inclined.
•As band spaces close, there is a corresponding loss of
torque of the anterior teeth.
OVERCORRECTION

Extracted teeth with Roth Rx

SWA brackets, showing over
correction built in to the
brackets

Extracted teeth with Andrews

SWA brackets showing non –
orthodontic normal tooth
position.
 ROTH SETUP
Roth setup is available in both 0.018 and 0.022 slot

Roth preferred 0.022 slot brackets because it offered more

advantages

•In terms of wire size selection,

•In terms of stabilizing arches as anchor units and for

orthognathic surgery.

•For control of torque in the buccal segments, which is very

important from the standpoint of functional occlusion.
The Roth setup incorporated into it a member of hooks for
various types of elastic configuration and also double triple
and lip bumper tube for the use of auxillary wires and
attachments.
Mandibular Incisor Extraction Treatment of a Class I Malocclusion with Bolton
Discrepancy: A Case Report. Mehmat et al Eur J Dent. Jan 2007; 1(1): 54–59.
 Bracket positioning with Roth set up

The bracket placement vary slightly from the position

advocated by Andrews, thus a flat, unbent, rectangular, full
sized wire can be used as the finishing wire rather than one
with reverse and compensating curve.
Reference point – Andrews FA point
The point on the facial axis that
separates the gingival half of the
clinical crown from the occlusal half.
The key in determining the bracket height is the canine and
premolars (second premolars is an extraction case).
Ideally the center of the bracket should be placed at
the maximum convexity of the crowns of the posterior teeth.
In a teeth with average height of gingival attachment, the
maximum convexity of the teeth will be at the center of the
clinical crown.
 Molars(upper/lower)
From the buccal From the occlusal

MB
 Premolars(upper/lower)
From the buccal From the occlusal

Upper premolar bracket placement is the most variable because of

tooth size. The most common error is not placing the bracket
gingival enough, especially on smaller sized teeth.
 Upper and lower Canine
From the buccal From the occlusal
Upper and lower incisors
 Upper arch
Central tip torque rotation
Andrews 5 7 0
Roth 5 12 0
Lateral 9 3 0
9 8 0
The 5° torque increase improves
•Esthetics by preventing flattened profile, straight upper lip
and obtuse nasolabial angle.

•Provide more space for lower anterior teeth, thereby aiding

class I intercuspation.

•Establish proper anterior guidance & prevent lateral stress

in posterior segments
 Upper canine
tip torque rotation
Andrews 11 -7 0
Roth 13 -2 4M(mesial)

•Increased because they are being retracted in most cases.

•Less negative torque to offset the reciprocal effect of building
more positive torque into the incisors.
I&II PM tip torque
rotation
(A) 2 -7 0
(R) 0 -7 2D
IM &IIM (A) 5 -9 10
(R) 0 -14 14D
• Elimination of the mesial tip on all buccal segment teeth
strengthened anchorage control significantly (but burning
anchorage can be difficult).

MB
 LOWER ARCH
CENTRAL &LATERAL INCISORS
tip torque rotation
(A) 2 -1 0
(R) 2 -1 0
CANINE
(A) 5 -11 0
(R) 7 -11 2M
I PM tip torque rotation
(A) 2 -17 0
(R) -1 -17 4D
II PM 2 -22 0
-1 -22 4D
IM 2 -30 0
-1 -30 4D
II M 2 -35 0
-1 -30 4D
• The teeth settle more mesially than the upper and
simultaneously rotate mesially thus necessitating extra distal
rotation.
• No change in the torque-To establish proper functional
occlusion.
 Tip Values

Roth SWA - Maxillary 5°, 9°, 13°,0°, 0°, 0°, 0°

Mandibular 2°, 2°, 7°, -1° , 0° ,-1° ,-1°

MBT Appliance - Maxillary 4°, 8°, 8°, 0°, 0°, 0°, 0°

Mandibular 0°, 0°, 3° ,2°, 2°, 0°, 0°

 Torque Values

Roth SWA – Maxillary 12°, 8°, -2°, -7°, -7°, -14°, -14°

Mandibular -1°, -1°, -11°, -17°, -22°, -30° -30 °

MBT Appliance- Maxillary 17°, 10°, -7°, -7°, -7°, -14°, -14°

Mandibular -6°, -6°, -6°, -12°, -17°, -20°, -10°

Roth versus MBT: does bracket prescription have an effect on
the subjective outcome of pre-adjusted edgewise treatment?
Moesi et al. The European Journal of Orthodontics Advance Access
published November 2, 2011

• This study found that bracket prescription had no effect on the

subjective aesthetic judgements made by nine experienced
orthodontists from the post-treatment study models of patients
treated with premolar extractions and a pre-adjusted edgewise fixed
appliance system using either a Roth or a MBT prescription.

• In the majority of cases, the ability of the clinicians to determine

which bracket prescription was used was no better than chance in
the majority of cases.
Assessment of clinical outcomes of Roth and MBT bracket
prescription using the American Board of Orthodontics
Objective Grading System
Shetty et al. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, Vol. 4, No. 3, July-
September, 2013, pp. 307-312

•MBT prescription group had a statistically significant 2.60

point lower score in buccolingual inclinations and 1.10 point
lower score in occlusal contact when compared with Roth group.
•The difference in total ABO-OGS score was 2.65 points, showing
that the outcome for the MBT prescription was better than that of
the Roth prescription.

• However, it can be concluded that use of either one of the Roth

and MBT bracket prescriptions have no impact to the overall
clinical outcome and quality of treatment entirely depends on
clinician judgment and experience.
 Roth RH. Functional Occlusion for the Orthodontist 1-4. JCO 1981

The two greatest causes of failure of occlusal treatment are:

1. Failure to stabilize and then capture true centric relation
prior to occlusal therapy.
2. Failure to alter the occlusion with a high enough degree
of precision to hold centric and still clear on movement.
•The purpose of the repositioning splint is to enable the
operator to find "true" centric (which is stable and
comfortable); to test the patient's response to change in
the occlusion, prior to embarking upon a complex course
of occlusal therapy; and, finally, to see if the mandibular
centric relation position can be stabilized.

•Without the use of the splint, finding centric in the first

place is usually not possible.
•If a patient's mandibular musculature is tight or tense,
or if there are TMJ noises, or facial pain, or occlusal
wear, a repositioning splint is indicated, if you are going
to render any kind of occlusal therapy (including
orthodontic treatment).
•The objective in making the repositioning splint is to seat
the condyles in the most superior position possible on
every visit, and to adjust the occlusal surface of the splint
to achieve maximum intercuspation at this position of the
mandible at the most closed vertical dimension obtainable.
•The repositioning splint is, therefore, a removable
"mutually protected" occlusal scheme, that can be used
to test the patient's response to a change in the
occlusion without really doing something that is not
reversible.
•For the splint to be effective, it must be worn ALL
THE TIME EXCEPT FOR CLEANING. If this is not
done, the splint is only providing symptomatic relief,
and you will never achieve a stable mandibular
position.

•Patients should be instructed not to touch teeth

together when the splint is out of the mouth for
cleaning.

•The patient must wear the splint while eating. There

are no exceptions.
• Vacuum adapter e.g. Omnivac, Biostar, etc.
• Clear resin 0.08" thick for adapting over the
model.
• Acetate marking pen: e.g. any waterproof felt tip.
• Acrylic trim bur.
• Flame-shaped bur for shaping acrylic.
• Dappen dish or silicone rubber substitute.
 One complicating factor that we must always keep in
mind is that we simply cannot believe what we see in
the mouth.

 What we see in the mouth is the patient's

neuromuscular adaptation of closure and movement to
the existing occlusal arrangement.

 This is a difficult concept to get orthodontists to

accept. Nevertheless, this is the way things are.
 Patients will bite where their teeth fit, and not where
they don't fit. Patients will move the mandible so as to
avoid noxious contact of teeth, rather than allow them
to collide.
 Muscles will contract to avoid inflicting self-injury to
joints, teeth, and supporting structures.
 All of these neuromuscular responses to the patient's
existing occlusion limit our ability to see what we
need to see in order to establish a good functioning
occlusion.
 We must, in essence, eliminate the patient's
neuromuscular response, to be able to study the
relationship between the occlusion and the
temporomandibular joints.

 We must also be able to study the three-dimensional

effect of mandibular movement and closure, and how
the occlusion relates to joint-dictated movement and
closure patterns, if we wish to know exactly how and
why to alter the tooth positions.
 Thefirst objective of a gnathological occlusion is to
obtain a stable centric relation of the mandible and
have the teeth intercusp maximally at this mandibular
position.

 The second objective is to have a harmonious glide

path of anterior teeth working against each other to
separate or disocclude the posterior teeth immediately,
but gently, as soon as the mandible moves out of
centric closure.
 Traditionally, the tooth positioner has been used in
orthodontics to gain an intercuspation of the
teeth at the end of treatment.

 In many instance, the positioner has been relied upon

to do things that the operator was unable to do with
his appliances, especially when the patient has been
uncooperative.
• The objective of the correctly made gnathological
positioner is to be able to place the appliance
over the patient's maxillary teeth and hinge the patient's
mandible on the centric relation arc into the
lower portion of the appliance, and have the teeth seat into
the sockets without the necessity of the
mandible moving forward off of the centric relation arc.
 Proper Treatment

 Anatomical Articulator

 Mounting in Correct Centric Relation

 Processing

 Material
 ROTH TRU-ARCH FORM

Roth Tru-Arch form was derived from his extensive

clinical testing and recording of jaw-movement
patterns in treated patients who were out of retention
and had remained stable.
• The Roth Tru-Arch form actually overcorrects the arch
width slightly.
• In the front part of the arch, the widest part is at the
bicuspids, not at the cuspids.
• The widest point in the entire arch is at the first
molars region,(mesiobuccal cusp of I molar) There are
actually five arcs in the Arch
•A curve across the front
•A Curve in cuspid-bicuspid area
•A uniform curve in the buccal segment to allow for proper
rotational position of the buccal segment teeth.
ROTH CONCEPT OF SELECTION OF
TREATMENT MECHANICS

Thorough diagnosis

Establishing treatment goals

Dynamic treatment planning

The traditional method of selecting treatment mechanics,
based on the Angle's classification of malocclusion, is
inadequate.

Treatment mechanics should be selected by the set of

conditions that exist along with the parameters that are
placed on the situation. (The treatment mechanics must be
tailored to the individual situation and the individual facial
type).
•In diagnosis and treatment planning, it is necessary to
diagnose the case from a mandibular position of centric
relation, if one wish to treat centric relation occlusion.

•One must have records. (Standard orthodontic models and

cephalometric centric relation head films) taken in centric
relation as well, if any significant centric discrepancy exists in a
particular case.
 CO - CR discrepancy

The neuromuscular positioning of the mandible will

accommodate to existing occlusal discrepancies and hide the
true nature of malocclusion

So a REPOSITIONING SPLINT should be fabricated

•To get the patient's mandible into centric
•To make the true discrepancy apparent.
Once the discrepancies are apparent, one should make a
treatment plan to deal with all of the discrepancies present in
the case and not just one to cover only those discrepancies
which can be seen intra orally.
 TREATMENT MECHANICS

•Those that are used on Those that are used for

normal to brachyfacial the more dolichofacial
types. types
TREATMENT MECHANICS SELECTIONS - FACTORS
TO BE CONSIDERED.

•The facial type of an individual.

•Reactions of various facial types to the proposed treatment.

•How much growth remains and in which direction the

mandible can be expected to grow and what means must be
taken to alter the direction of this growth - favourable with
treatment mechanics.

•Effect of treatment mechanics on the patient's soft tissue

profile.
TO PLAN AND TO SELECT APPROPRIATE
TREATMENT MECHANICS, ROTH UTILIZED.

•An adjusted head film tracing from centric (habitual)

occlusion to centric relation.

•Ricketts VTO

•The five position superimposition

•Jarabak’s Analysis
 The five position superimposition is utilized to quantify
•The amount of growth needed to correct the jaw
relationship.
•The amount of orthopedic changes or jaw relationship
changes necessary to correct the dental arch relationship.
•The extent of tooth movement allowable or desirable both
anteroposteriorly and vertically of the anterior and posterior
teeth in each arch.
Jarabak’s Analysis
For qualitative assessment of the facial type and its probable
response to the various kinds of treatment mechanics and
growth.

The most important measurements are

•The anterior to posterior face height ratio,
•The tendency of the individual facial type
to rotate clockwise or counter clockwise
during growth, and a response to certain
treatment mechanics.
 Treatment goals

1. Pleasing facial esthetics.

2. Molar relation and tooth alignment.
3. Functional occlusion.
4. Stability.
5.Comfort, efficiency, and longevity of the dentition,
supporting structures, and the temporomandibular joint.
ROTH'S ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT GOALS FOR AN
IDEAL FUNCTIONAL OCCLUSION
I-
. Centric occlusion or
maximum interuspation of
the teeth should occur with
the mandible in centric
relation, in which the
condyles are centered
transversely and seated
against the articulator disks
at the posterosuperior slopes
of the eminence.
 II- Mutually protective occlusion
Occlusal force during closure should be of equal magnitude
for all posterior teeth and the stress should be directed along
the long axes of the teeth and the lower incisors should not be
in contact with the lingual surface of upper incisors and
should have a clearance of 0.005 inch.
(by transmitting all the occlusal
forces, the centric stops of the
posterior teeth will protect the
anterior teeth from lateral stress).
 Anterior guidance / incisal guidance
In straight protrusion the anterior teeth should serve as a
gentle glide path to disocclude the posterior teeth very gently.
To have such anterior guidance, there should be minimal but
sufficient anterior overbite.

No stress
In the absence of anterior guidance, excessive lateral stress
on the cuspids may cause lingual movement of the lower
cuspids and resultant lower anterior crowding, and/or
labial movement of the maxillary cuspids and affects post
treatment stability.
 Canine Guided Occlusion
In lateral excursions the maxillary cuspids should act as
guiding inclines to disocclude the teeth on the balancing
or non-functioning side and to disocclude the teeth on the
working or functioning side after approximately .5mm of
group contact.
In a "mutually protective" occlusion

•The anterior teeth protect the posterior teeth from lateral

stress during protrusive movement.

The posterior teeth protect the anterior teeth from lateral

stress during closure into centric relation occlusion.

•So in a mutually protective occlusion, the mandible can

execute its total range or envelope of motion without
interference from the teeth.

During closure the teeth will direct and maintain centricity of

the condyles in the fossae.
III -Tooth-to-two-teeth or cusp-embrasure occlusion

During maximum intercuspation, there should be tooth-to-

two-teeth or cusp-embrasure occlusion between the upper
and lower teeth, because this makes the lateral and protrusive
movements with proper cuspid and incisor contact.
IV- Tooth structure, tooth position and occlusal form should
correlate perfectly with mandibular border movements,
including the Bennett movement and immediate side shift.
ROTH'S ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT GOAL FOR AN
IDEAL STATIC OCCLUSION.

In terms of tooth alignment, the goal primarily is one

is in very close harmony to that described by
Andrews in his "six keys to normal occlusion".
 SEQUENCING OF TREATMENT OBJECTIVES

The sequence of the treatment should be based on the

dictates of the individual case. The sequence of treatment
objectives are generally.

1. Eliminating cross bite

2. Correcting jaw relationship

3. Eliminating severe crowding creating space in the dental

arches for severely malposed, impacted or blocked teeth,

4. Aligning the teeth in the individual arches,

5. Beginning space consolidation

6. Finishing the lower arch

It is of utmost importance that the lower arch must be finished

in the correct position to act as a template to receive the upper
teeth, so that the upper teeth can be set to the lowers.

7. Achieving class I relationship of buccal segment.

8. Retracting and, if necessary intruding maxillary anterior

teeth.

9. Detailing and finalizing the teeth positions and the

occlusion.

In many instances a number of these steps will be combined

and will be occurring simultaneously.
 THE THREE PHASES OF TREATING MALOCCLUSION INCLUDES

Phase I Unlocking the malocclusion

Phase II Working phase

Phase III Finalization or detailing of occlusion

•The initial phase of treatment usually entails the use of some
of the following appliances
•Split palate Hass - type appliance
•Quad helix
•Transpalatal bar and / or a lingual arch
•An occipital pull headgear or facebow to the 6 years molar
•Utility arch.
 Anchorage consideration

Factors responsible for anchorage loss

1. Attempting to upright extremely distally tipped canines.

2. Pulling distally with posterior teeth against extremely

procumbent or labially inclined incisors.

3. Attempting to level the curve of Spee with a continuous

wire without the use of distal traction.
4. Attempting to level and align teeth using either a stiff or a
resilient wire.

5. Attempting to move lingually or torque the maxillary

incisor roots.

6. Attempting to expand the mandibular arch with a labial

arch wire.
Some of the ways in which one can avoid using
extra oral traction or losing anchorage are
•The leveling process should be started with a small flexible
wire. The best for this purpose is the braided arch wire.

•When it is time to retract and upright lower anteriors that

have been in labial or procumbent position, they should be
retracted initially with an anterior facebow.
 In most instances 6 to 8 weeks of headgear to the lower anterior
segment is all that is needed to upright the lower anterior teeth
sufficiently that the remainder of the space can be closed with
reciprocal mechanics.
•Band the second molars at the outset of full dentition
treatment and use them for anchorage. It is much more
difficult to displace the buccal segments in the mandibular
dental arch forward if the second molars have been included
as part of the anchorage unit.
•When leveling the curve of Spee, wherever possible a utility arch
should be used to intrude the incisors followed by canine by
Bioprogressive technique and then going to the flexible small wires
to gain bracket engagement and alignment of the entire arch and
gradually level the remainder of the curve of Spee.
 Phase I treatment
•Helical loop arch wires, Jarabak’s fashion made from 0.016”
Elgiloy green wire or
0.015” braided archwire(routinely)
or
Nitinol(severe rotation)

• 0.019” braided wire

• 0.018”Australian special plus.(finalization of any stubborn rotation)

•0.019” square blue Elgiloy utility arches are used in case of
intrusion of incisor teeth.
 Phase II of treatment.
Anterior teeth are generally retracted en masse as a group.
Second molars are routinely banded at the outset of treatment
in the permanent dentition.
Double keyhole loop wire mechanics (0.019 x 0.026” round
edge rectangular)- In case of minimum and moderate
anchorage cases-
Modified Asher facebow- used in cases that need maximum
anchorage and retraction.
At the end of space closure
Double keyhole loop wire mechanics

Replaced by

0.018x0.025” blue elgiloy incorporating exaggerated reverse

curve of Spee with special torque adjustments (to offset the
undesirable effect produced by reverse curve).

To provide

•Rapid root paralleling

•Leveling of Curve of Spee

•Maxillary incisors lingual root torque

During extraction space closure, faster the space is
closed, regardless of wire size, the more tipping there
will be into the extraction space.

So it is the force & rate at which the extraction space is

closed determines the type of tooth movement(tipping or
bodily) and not the dimension of the wire used.
 FINISHING PHASE
The final finishing phase of treatment require filling of the
bracket slot (0.022 x 0.025) to get full bracket expression.
Short class II or III elastics are used to create anteroposterior
denture adjustments.

DETAILING OF TOOTH POSITION

THE MANDIBULAR ARCH
Lower incisors
•The sequence of tooth positioning

begins with placing the lower incisors

teeth at or slightly lingual to the

cephalometric goal. (-1 to A-Pog)

 Over bite over jet

0.005”
2.5 mm 2.5 mm
•The four incisors teeth should have the roots divergent and
roots appears to be in the same plane of space when viewed
from the superior aspect.
•Lower cuspid crowns should have 5 degrees angulation with
the incisal tip 1mm higher than the incisal edge of, the lateral
incisors And it should have a slightly exaggerated mesial
rotation on extraction cases.
•There should be overcorrection of root parallelism in the
extraction site, if extractions were done.
•Bicuspids and molars should be upright and should have
slight distal rotation.
•There should be no spaces, and the arch form should be
symmetrical.
•The curve of Spee should be leveled.(because it return to a
1- 1.5mm curve, at its deepest point, after appliance removal
and settling of the occlusion
 MAXILLARY ARCH
In the upper arch, the first tooth to be placed properly in
relation to the lower arch should be the maxillary six-year
molar.
The upper six-year molars should have sufficient distal
rotation, mesioaxial inclination, and buccal root torque, so as to
fit with the lower six-year molars, as described by Andrews

The maxillary twelve-year molar

The upper bicuspids

The upper anteriors

•The incisal edges of upper centrals and laterals should be
almost at the same level with no more than 0.5mm height
differential approximately.

•The widest point of the maxillary arch should be the

mesiobuccal cusps of the maxillary six-year molars.

•Cusp tip of the canine should be app 1-1.5mm incisally than

the of the occlusal plane.
ROTH’S CONCLUDING STATEMENT

“I have tried to present a philosophy of treatment with

the concept of overcorrection, based on the specific set
of goals stated at the outset, taking into account
existing conditions, facial types, and reaction to
treatment mechanics.
Naturally there are always exceptions to the way one
approaches treatment”
THANK YOU
 REFERENCES

•Treatment mechanics for the straight wire appliance- RONALD H.

ROTH
•Treatment concepts using the fully preadjusted three-dimensional
appliance- RONALD H. ROTH
•Orthodontics- Current principles and techniques.Thomas M. Graber,
Robert L. Vanarsdall
•Five year clinical evaluation of the Andrews S-W appliance- Roth
•The straight wire appliance 17 years later- Roth
•Functional occlusion for orthodontics-Roth-part I II III IV
•Straight wire design strategies - Five year clinical evaluation of the Roth
modification of Andrew SW appliance-Lee W. Graber.