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    Kwashiorkor

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    Galang J.M
    Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition that most commonly affects children who are weaned onto diets low in protein. It is characterized by edema, skin changes, hair and nail changes, enlarged liver, and general swelling. Testing may show low protein levels and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment involves gradually increasing protein and calorie intake while treating infections and deficiencies. Without treatment, kwashiorkor can cause serious complications like intellectual disability, physical disability, and death. Prevention involves ensuring diets provide adequate protein, carbohydrates, and fat.

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    Kwashiorkor

    Uploaded by

    Galang J.M
    70 views12 pages
    Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition that most commonly affects children who are weaned onto diets low in protein. It is characterized by edema, skin changes, hair and nail changes, enlarged liver, and general swelling. Testing may show low protein levels and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment involves gradually increasing protein and calorie intake while treating infections and deficiencies. Without treatment, kwashiorkor can cause serious complications like intellectual disability, physical disability, and death. Prevention involves ensuring diets provide adequate protein, carbohydrates, and fat.

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    Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition that most commonly affects children who are weaned onto diets low in protein. It is characterized by edema, skin changes, hair and nail changes, enlarged liver, and general swelling. Testing may show low protein levels and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment involves gradually increasing protein and calorie intake while treating infections and deficiencies. Without treatment, kwashiorkor can cause serious complications like intellectual disability, physical disability, and death. Prevention involves ensuring diets provide adequate protein, carbohydrates, and fat.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    70 views12 pages

    Kwashiorkor

    Uploaded by

    Galang J.M
    Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition that most commonly affects children who are weaned onto diets low in protein. It is characterized by edema, skin changes, hair and nail changes, enlarged liver, and general swelling. Testing may show low protein levels and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment involves gradually increasing protein and calorie intake while treating infections and deficiencies. Without treatment, kwashiorkor can cause serious complications like intellectual disability, physical disability, and death. Prevention involves ensuring diets provide adequate protein, carbohydrates, and fat.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    KWASHIORKOR

    Introduction A dietary history of a monotonous


    single cereal-based diet with
    inclusion of animal-source foods
    less than once per week will raise
    suspicion of kwashiorkor. Diets
    based on corn, cassava, and rice
    are those most commonly
    associated with kwashiorkor.

    Cessation of breast-feeding in the


    few months before presentation is
    a common finding. There may be a
    history of preceding diarrhea or
    measles infection. Kwashiorkor
    edema starts in the feet and
    develops over a few days.
    Alternative Names:
    • Protein malnutrition; Protein-calorie
    malnutrition; Malignant malnutrition
    Definition of Kwashiorkor:
    • Kwashiorkor is a form
    of malnutrition that occurs when there is
    not enough protein in the diet.
    Signs and tests
    • The physical examination may show an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)
    and general swelling.

    • Tests may include:

    • Arterial Blood Gas

    • BUN(Blood Urea Nitrogen)

    • Complete Blood Count(CBC)

    • Creatinine Clearance

    • Serum Creatinine

    • Serum Potassium

    • Total Protein Levels

    • Urinalysis
    What is Kwashiorkor?
    Kwashiorkor is a type of
    malnutrition that is most
    common in areas of drought
    and famine. Kwashiorkor is
    due to inadequate protein in
    the diet despite adequate
    caloric intake. Once
    kwashiorkor develops, some
    of the effects, such as short
    stature and intellectual
    disability, cannot be
    corrected.

    Children are affected by


    kwashiorkor more frequently
    than adults. It typically
    starts after the child has
    been weaned and breast
    milk has been replaced with
    a diet low in protein.
    What are the symptoms of Kwashiorkor?
     Abdominal swelling, distension or bloating

     Diarrhea

     Enlarged liver

     Fatigue

     Frequent infections

     Generalized swelling

     Hair and nail changes, including brittle,


    reddish hair and ridged nails that are thin
    and soft

     Irritability

     Skin changes, including pigment loss, red or


    purple patches, peeling, cracking, skin
    sloughing, and the development of sores

     Slowed growth leading to short stature

     Weight
    How is Kwashiorkor treated?

    Common treatments for kwashiorkor include:

    • Antibiotics to treat infections


    • Gradual increases in dietary calories from
    carbohydrates, sugars and fats
    • Gradual increases in dietary protein
    • Intravenous fluids to correct fluid and
    electrolyte imbalances
    • Lactase to assist in digestion of dairy products
    • Vitamin and mineral supplements to treat
    deficiencies
    What are the potential complications of Kwashiorkor?
    In some people, especially infants and children, complications of untreated or poorly controlled
    kwashiorkor can be serious, even life threatening in some cases. You can help minimize your risk of
    serious complications by following the treatment plan your health care. Complications of
    kwashiorkor include:

    •Anemia (low red blood cell count)

    •Coma

    •Frequent infections

    •Intellectual disability

    •Physical disability

    •Poor wound healing

    •Shock

    •Short stature

    •Skin pigmentation changes

    •Fatty liver
    Prevention:
    • To prevent kwashiorkor, make
    sure the diet has enough
    carbohydrates, fat (at least 10
    percent of total calories), and
    protein (12 percent of total
    calories).

    • Kwashiorkor can be prevented by


    including foods in your diet that
    are rich in proteins, such as meat,
    fish, dairy products, eggs, soya,
    and beans. Treatment involves
    slow increases in calories from
    carbohydrates, sugars, and fats,
    followed by protein. Vitamin and
    mineral supplements and enzymes
    to help digest dairy products are
    often needed.
    What is marasmus?
    Marasmus is a severe form of
    malnutrition that consists of
    the chronic wasting away of
    fat, muscle, and other tissues
    in the body. Malnutrition
    occurs when your body does
    not get enough protein and
    calories. This lack of nutrition
    can range from a shortage of
    certain vitamins to complete
    starvation. Marasmus is one of
    the most serious forms of
    protein-energy malnutrition
    (PEM) in the world.
    Comparison of the features of marasmus and kwashiorkor

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