Report by: SINAG, Christian Errol

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Rizal’s Life
 Rizal Ancestors
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Father’s Side
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Domingo Lamco
(Great Great Grand Father)

 Lam-co (also called Cua Lam, Cua Yi Lam in Hokkien or Ke Yi-nan in

Mandarin) was a native of Sionque, in the Chinchew district of the
province of Fookien. He moved to the Philippines due the growing
political unrest in China.

 his parents were simply listed as Siong-co and Jun-nio. It is believed

that his parents belonged to the upper bracket socially as indicated by
the particled -co and -nio at the end of their names. These two particles
correspond to the Spanish Don and Dona which is indicative of social
position.
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Domingo Lamco
(Great Great Grand Father)

 Domingo Lam-co settled in Binan, Laguna on the Dominican estate

called San Isidro Labrador. He became a leader among the Chinese
community and was a frequent godfather in baptisms and weddings. He
helped in the founding of Tubigan Barrio, the richest part of the estate.

 Domingo married Inez de la Roza, the daughter of his friend, and was
much younger than he. They married in the Parian Church where he
was baptized. Their union was blessed with two children Francisco and
Josefa, who died five days after her birth. Francisco was only two when
he lost his sibling.
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Domingo Lamco
(Great Great Grand Father)

 To prevent conflict and hostility with the Spanish authorities, he

decided to dropped the name Lam-co and adapted a Spanish
surname. As merchants they chose the name "Mercado"
because it means market. Lamco started the businesses of the
Mercado clan. He was a successful entrepreneur in spite of the
discrimination experienced by Chinese traders from the
Spaniards.
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Francisco Chinco Mercado
(Great Grand Father)

 Francisco Chinco Mercado was named after a mestizo Friar (Francisco)

known for his botanical studies and after an honest Spanish
encomiendero (Mercado) who lived in the region.

 Francisco became an influential man in Biñan. He can be considered

rich based on the large number of carabaos he owned. He was made
alcalde in 1763. Being immersed in politics, he often shuttled between
Cavite, Laguna and Manila.

 Elected as Gobernadorcilio in Biñan

 Married Cirila Bernacha and has a 2 offspring: Juan & Clemente

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Juan Monica Mercado
(Grandfather)

 Juan Mercado is elected as Gobernadorcillo and because of this

they call him “Kapitan Juan”
 Juan married Cirila Alejandra, with whom he had 12 children --
seven boys and five girls.
 For the first time in the history of this migrant clan, Juan
declared his family as "indios" for tax purposes -- cementing his
loyaltty to his grandfather's adopted home.
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Francisco Engracio Alejandro Mercado
(Father)

 Francisco Mercado was only eight years old when his father died. He
attended the Latin school in Biñan where his sons would later matriculate.
He also attended the Colegio de San Jose in Manila where he studied Latin
and Philosophy.
 He was described by Rafael Palma: "He was 40, of solid shoulders, strong
constitution, rather tall than short, of serious and reflective mien, with
prominent forehead and large dark eyes. A pure Filipino.“
 Sometime after 1849, in compliance with Governor Claveria’s decree
ordering Filipinos to adopt Spanish surnames (to facilitate documentation,
for, many Filipino families shared the same family name such as “De La
Cruz”, etc.)– Francisco Engracio Mercado added added “Rizal” to the family
surname, from the Spanish word “ricial”, which connotes a green field or
pasture.
 Rizal’s Ancestors
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Mother’s Side
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Eugenio Ursua
(Great Great Grand Father)

 Eugenio Ursua is a japanese citizen

 He married a Filipina named Beningna
 Has a daughter named Regina
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Regina Ursua
(Great Grand Mother)

 Regina Ursua was of Spanish, Chinese and Tagalog ancestry.

She is sometimes referred to as an Ochoa.
 According to alternative oral histories, Regina was wedded to
the lawyer in second marriage, being the widow of Facundo de
Layva, the captain of the ship Hernando Magallanes, whose pilot
was the Englishman Andrew Stewart.
 Has a daughter named Brigida O. Quintos
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Brigida Quintos
(Grandmother)

 Mother of Teodora de Quintos Alonso

 Married Lorenzo Alberto Florentina Alonso
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Lorenzo Alberto Florentina Alonso
(Grandfather)

 Lorenzo Alberto Florentina Alonzo was believed to be a descendant of

Lakandula, a Bornean Moslem (as traced by Mr. Luther Parker in his study of the
Pampangan migration from oral histories).
 Lorenzo was educated as a surveyor. He was wealthy, and had considerable
investments in American Manila shipping firms of Peele, Hubbell & Co. and
Russell, Sturgis & Co. He served as the municipal captain of Biñan in 1824.
 The family story is that he became acquainted with Brigida de Quintos, his future
wife, while he was a student in Manila, and that she, being unusually well
educated for a girl of those days, helped him with his mathematics. Their
acquaintance apparently arose through relationship, both being connected with
the Reyes family. All of their children were born in Manila, but lived in Calamba.
They used the name Alonzo, until the implementation of the Claveria decree in
1850 when, the family adopted the surname Realonda.
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Teodora Morales de
Quintos Alonso Realonda
(Mother)

 Teodora Alonzo was the mother of Philippine national hero Jose

Rizal, and a native of Sta. Cruz, Manila. She was known for
being a disciplinarian as well as a dedicated, courteous and
hard-working mother. As the young Rizal's first teacher, she had
a profound influence on his development and was his inspiration
in taking up medicine
 Older to youngest
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11 Siblings
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SATURNINA RIZAL
(1850-1913)

 Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo

Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.

 She and her mother provided the little Jose with good basic
education that by the age of three, Pepe already knew his alphabet.

 Saturnina had always been a loving ‘Ate’ Neneng to Jose. When

their mother was imprisoned, Saturnina brought the young Jose to
Tanauan during the summer vacation of 1873 just to cheer up the
sad little brother. On his way to Marseilles in May 1882, Rizal—
perhaps missing her ‘ate’—dreamed that he was traveling with
Neneng and that their path was blocked by snakes.
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SATURNINA RIZAL
(1850-1913)

 On September 26, 1882, Neneng offered a diamond ring to

Jose, worrying that he had no sufficient money to spend. In June
1885, Saturnina and her husband sent one hundred pesos
(P100) to Jose as their contribution to Jose’s expenses in
finishing his doctorate degree.
 Saturnina married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan,
Batangas.
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PACIANO RIZAL
(March 9, 1851 – April 13, 1930)

 Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San
Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of
the Philippine Revolution.
 Jose Rizal described Paciano as more refined and serious than
he. Paciano was tall, slender and fair-complexioned and he had
an aquiline nose.
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NARCISA RIZAL
(1852-1939)

 She is also called as “Sisa”.

 the third child in the family.
 The Hospitable Sister of the Hero.
 Like Saturnina, Narcisa helped in financing Rizal’s studies in
Europe, even pawning her jewelry and peddling her clothes if
needed. It is said she could recite from memory almost all of the
poems of the national hero.
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NARCISA RIZAL
(1852-1939)

 When Don Francisco and Doña Teodora were driven out of their
house in Calamba, Narcisa took them in her house.
 It was with Narcisa also that Josephine Bracken once stayed, when
the rest of Rizal's family were suspicious that Rizal’s girlfriend was
a spy for the Spanish friars.
 It was also Narcisa who painstakingly searched for the place where
the authorities secretly buried the dead Rizal. She found freshly
turned earth at the Paco cemetery where a body had been buried
without a box of any kindand with no identification on the grave.
She wittingly made a gift to the caretaker to mark the site ‘RPJ’,
Rizal’s initials in reverse.
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OLYMPIA RIZAL
(1855-1887)

 The Sister Whom the Hero Loves to Tease.

 is the fourth child in the Rizal family. Jose loved to tease her,
sometimes good-humoredly describing her as his stout sister.
 Jose’s first love, Segunda Katigbak, was Olimpia’s schoolmate
at the La Concordia College. Rizal confided to Olympia about
Segunda and the sister willingly served as the mediator between
the two teenage lovers.
 In one of Jose’s letters to his other sisters in Calamba, he wrote,
“Is Sra. Ipia (Señora Olympia) there already? Do her eyes still
become small when she laughs?”.
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LUCIA RIZAL
(1857–1919)

 Partaker of the Hero's Sufferings.

 The fifth child in the Rizal family.
 In December 1891, the then widowed Lucia was among Rizal’s
siblings who were present in their so-called ‘family reunion’ in
Hong Kong. She also accompanied Jose when he returned to
Manila in June the following year.
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MARIA RIZAL
(1859-1945)

 The sixth child in the family.

 The Hero's Confidant.
 It was to her whom Jose talked about wanting to marry Josephine Bracken
when the majority of the Rizal family was apparently not amenable to the
idea.
 Jose wrote her sister, “since the middle of August I haven't taken a bath and
I haven't perspired either. That is so here. It is very cold and a bath is
expensive. One pays thirty-five cent for one.”
 In Maria’s letter dated March 15, 1887, she explained to her slighted (or
better yet, ‘nagtatampo’) brother that she got busy that’s why she had not
immediately updated him about her new status as married to the “very
young man from Biñang whose name is Daniel Faustino Cruz.”
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CONCEPCION RIZAL
(1862-1865)

 The Hero's First Grief.

 The eight child of the Rizal family.
 She died at the age of three.
 Of his sisters, it is said that Pepe loved most the little Concha
who was a year younger than him. Jose played games and
shared children stories with her, and from her he felt the beauty
of sisterly love. He later wrote in his memoir, “When I was four
years old, I lost my little sister Concha, and then for the first time
I shed tears caused by love and grief.”
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JOSEFA RIZAL
(1865-1945)

 The Katipunera.
 She’s the ninth child in the family who died a spinster.
 Among Jose’s letters to Josefa, the one dated October 26 1893 is perhaps
the most fascinating. Written in English, the letter addressed Josefa as
“Miss Josephine Rizal”.
 In the letter, Jose praised her sister for nearly mastering the English
language, commenting that the only fault he found in Josefa’s letter is her
apparent confusion between the terms ‘they are’ and ‘there’. Jose also
wrote about the 20 pesos he sent, the 10 pesos of the amount was
supposed for a lottery ticket. This indicates that Jose did not stop ‘investing’
in lottery tickets despite winning 6, 200 pesos in September the previous
year.
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TRINIDAD RIZAL
(1868-1951)

 ‘Trining’ was the tenth child.

 Jose wrote to Trining describing how the German women were
serious in studying. He thus advised her: “now that you are still
young and you have time to learn, it is necessary that you study
by reading and reading attentively. It is a pity that you allow
yourself to be dominated by laziness when it takes so little effort
to shake it off. It is enough to form only the habit of study and
later everything goes by itself.”
 Trining surprised Jose by writing him, “Dearest Brother: I left the
College two years, one month and a half ago.”
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SOLEDAD RIZAL
(1870-1929)

 The youngest child of the Rizal family.

 Being a teacher, she was arguably the best educated among
Rizal’s sisters.
 Jose told her sister that he was proud of her for becoming a
teacher. He thus counseled her to be a model of virtues and good
qualities “for the one who should teach should be better than the
persons who need her learning.”
 Rizal nonetheless used the topic as leverage in somewhat rebuking
her sister for getting married to Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba
without their parents’ consent. “Because of you,” he wrote, “the
peace of our family has been disturbed.”
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Rizal’s Childhood
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Why Rizal has a Long Name

 Doctor - completed his medical course in Spain and was conferred the degree of Licentiate
in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid·
 Jose - was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St.
Joseph)· Protacio- from Gervacio P. which come from a Christian calendar·
 Mercado - adopted in 1731 by Domigo Lamco (the paternal great-greatgrandfather of Jose
Rizal) which the Spanish term mercado means ‘market’ in English·
 Rizal - from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still green,
sprouts again·
 Alonzo - old surname of his mother·
 Y - and·
 Realonda- it was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother based on the
culture by that time
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Early Memory of Rizal

 They have a garden where his father built a cottage so that Rizal
can play in the day time.
 He was frail and sickly child
 By nightfall, His mother gathered all the children to pray the
angelus
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The Three (3) Titos/ Uncles

 Uncle Gregorio – He is a book lover, He’s the one instilled the

mind of Rizal with a love for books. This is why Rizal is
interested in Printing Press.
"Work hard and perform every task very carefully; learn to be swift as well
as thorough; be independent in thinking and make visual pictures of
everything."

 Uncle Jose – Brother of Doña Teodora. He’s the one who

encouraged Rizal into Painting, Sketching, and Sculpting.
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The Three (3) Titos/ Uncles

 Uncle Manuel - seeing Rizal frail in body, concerned himself

with the physical development of his young nephew and taught
the latter love for the open air and developed in him a great
admiration for the beauty of nature.
He also encouraged Rizal to learn: Swimming, Fencing
and, Wrestling.
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On The Story of the Moth

 Rizal’s Mother, Teodora Alonzo, was the first teacher of Rizal

who taught him to read and write. Most times, when Rizal got
tired reading, Teodora Alonzo was the one reads a story to Rizal
while Rizal is listening.
 “Ang mga gamugamo pala ay hindi natatakot mamatay sa
paghanap ng liwanag.”
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On The Story of the Moth

 “Hindi ako natatakot,” ang mayabang na sagot ng batang gamugamo. At

nagpatuloy siya ng palipad sa paligid-ligid ng magandang ningas. Minsan,
sa kanyang paglipad ay nadikit sa ningas ang kanyang pakpak at siya ay
nalaglag sa mesa.
 “Sinabi ko na nga ba sa iyo,” ang sabi ng matandang gamugamo. “Ngayon
ay hindi ka na makalilipad na muli. Samantalang nakikinig si Rizal sa
kwento nalilibang naman siya sa maliliit na gamugamong naglalaro sa
kanilang ilaw. Napansin nya ang malaking hangad ng maliliit na kulisap na
makalapit sa ilaw sa paghanap ng liwanag kahit mapanganib. At nang
masunog ang pakpak at malaglag sa mesa ang batang gamugamo sa
kwento ay siya ring pagkasunog ng pakpak at pagkalaglag ng isang tunay
na gamugamo sa langis ng tinghoy.
 Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga-Malolos, Sa Aking mga Kabata, Pinatiutula Ako
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Works of Rizal
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SA MGA KABABAYANG DALAGA SA
MALOLOS:
z
Sa Aking Mga Kabata
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Pinatutula
Ako
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Did you know?

 CHESS PLAYER
He played chess and bear severalGermans and European
friends andacquaintances.
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Did you know?

 ACTOR
He acted as a character in one of Juan
Luna’s paintings and acted in school dramas.
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Did you know?

 ANTHROPOLOGIST
He made researches on the physical andsocial make up of man.
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Did you know?

 ARCHEOLOGIST
Rizal studied monuments and antiquecurrency everywhere
he went. He drew most of the monuments he saw.
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Did you know?

 ETHNOLOGIST
In his travels, Rizal was able tocompare different races
and he noted thedifferences.
He became a member of Berlin Ethnological and
Anthropological Society whileunder the patronage of the famous
pathologist Rudolf Virchow.