Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 33 views

    Chapter12 - Enhanced ER Modeling

    Uploaded by

    James Daumar
    The document discusses key concepts of the enhanced entity-relationship (EER) model, including specialization/generalization, aggregation, and composition. It provides examples of how these concepts can be represented in EER diagrams to model more complex relationships between entities. Specialization/generalization allows entities to be organized into subclasses. Aggregation and composition represent "part-whole" relationships, with composition indicating a stronger form of ownership.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter12 - Enhanced ER Modeling

    Uploaded by

    James Daumar
    33 views24 pages
    The document discusses key concepts of the enhanced entity-relationship (EER) model, including specialization/generalization, aggregation, and composition. It provides examples of how these concepts can be represented in EER diagrams to model more complex relationships between entities. Specialization/generalization allows entities to be organized into subclasses. Aggregation and composition represent "part-whole" relationships, with composition indicating a stronger form of ownership.

    Original Title

    Chapter12 - Enhanced ER Modeling.ppt

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses key concepts of the enhanced entity-relationship (EER) model, including specialization/generalization, aggregation, and composition. It provides examples of how these concepts can be represented in EER diagrams to model more complex relationships between entities. Specialization/generalization allows entities to be organized into subclasses. Aggregation and composition represent "part-whole" relationships, with composition indicating a stronger form of ownership.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views24 pages

    Chapter12 - Enhanced ER Modeling

    Uploaded by

    James Daumar
    The document discusses key concepts of the enhanced entity-relationship (EER) model, including specialization/generalization, aggregation, and composition. It provides examples of how these concepts can be represented in EER diagrams to model more complex relationships between entities. Specialization/generalization allows entities to be organized into subclasses. Aggregation and composition represent "part-whole" relationships, with composition indicating a stronger form of ownership.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Chapter 12

    Enhanced Entity-Relationship Modeling


    Transparencies
    Chapter 12 - Objectives
     Limitations of basic concepts of the ER model
    and requirements to represent more complex
    applications using additional data modeling
    concepts.

     Most useful additional data modeling concepts


    of Enhanced ER (EER) model called:
    – specialization/generalization;
    – aggregation;
    – composition.

    2
    Chapter 12 - Objectives
     A diagrammatic technique for displaying
    specialization/generalization, aggregation, and
    composition in an EER diagram using UML.

    3
    Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model
     Since1980s there has been an increase in
    emergence of new database applications with
    more demanding requirements.

     Basic concepts of ER modeling are not


    sufficient to represent requirements of newer,
    more complex applications.

     Response is development of additional


    ‘semantic’ modeling concepts.
    4
    The Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model
     Semantic concepts are incorporated into the
    original ER model and called the Enhanced
    Entity-Relationship (EER) model.

     Examples of additional concepts of EER model


    are:
    – specialization / generalization;
    – aggregation;
    – composition.

    5
    Specialization / Generalization
     Superclass
    – An entity type that includes one or more
    distinct subgroupings of its occurrences.

     Subclass
    – A distinct subgrouping of occurrences of an
    entity type.

    6
    Specialization / Generalization
     Superclass/subclass relationship is one-
    to-one (1:1).
     Superclass may contain overlapping or
    distinct subclasses.
     Notall members of a superclass need be
    a member of a subclass.

    7
    Specialization / Generalization
     Attribute Inheritance
    – An entity in a subclass represents same ‘real
    world’ object as in superclass, and may
    possess subclass-specific attributes, as well
    as those associated with the superclass.

    8
    Specialization / Generalization
     Specialization
    – Process of maximizing differences between
    members of an entity by identifying their
    distinguishing characteristics.

     Generalization
    – Process of minimizing differences between
    entities by identifying their common
    characteristics.

    9
    AllStaff Relation Holding Details of all Staff

    10
    Specialization/Generalization of Staff Entity
    into Subclasses Representing Job Roles

    11
    Specialization/Generalization of Staff Entity into
    Job Roles and Contracts of Employment

    12
    EER Diagram with Shared Subclass and
    Subclass with its own Subclass

    13
    Constraints on Specialization / Generalization

     Two constraints that may apply to a


    specialization/generalization:
    – participation constraints,
    – disjoint constraints.

     Participation constraint
    – Determines whether every member in superclass
    must participate as a member of a subclass.
    – May be mandatory or optional.

    14
    Constraints on Specialization / Generalization

     Disjoint constraint
    – Describes relationship between members of the
    subclasses and indicates whether member of a
    superclass can be a member of one, or more
    than one, subclass.
    – May be disjoint or nondisjoint.

    15
    Constraints on Specialization / Generalization
     There are four categories of constraints of
    specialization and generalization:
    – mandatory and disjoint;
    – optional and disjoint;
    – mandatory and nondisjoint;
    – optional and nondisjoint.

    16
    DreamHome Worked Example - Staff Superclass with
    Supervisor and Manager Subclasses

    17
    DreamHome Worked Example - Owner Superclass
    with PrivateOwner and BusinessOwner Subclasses

    18
    DreamHome Worked Example - Person Superclass with
    Staff, PrivateOwner, and Client Subclasses

    19
    EER Diagram of Branch View of DreamHome with
    Specialization/Generalization

    20
    Aggregation
     Represents a ‘has-a’ or ‘is-part-of’ relationship
    between entity types, where one represents the
    ‘whole’ and the other ‘the part’.

    21
    Examples of Aggregation

    22
    Composition

     Specific form of aggregation that represents an


    association between entities, where there is a
    strong ownership and coincidental lifetime
    between the ‘whole’ and the ‘part’.

    23
    Example of Composition

    24

    You might also like