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    Making Plurals

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    vishu6387
    The document discusses rules for forming plurals in English. It explains that most nouns are made plural by adding -s, but there are exceptions. Nouns ending in sh, ch, x, s, or z are usually made plural by adding -es. Nouns ending in a consonant plus y change the y to i and add -es. Most nouns ending in f, fe, or ff are made plural by changing the ending to -ves. Nouns ending in o are usually made plural by adding -s. Some nouns stay the same in both singular and plural forms, while others have completely irregular plural forms that must be memorized. The document provides numerous examples to illustrate the various rules.

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    Making Plurals

    Uploaded by

    vishu6387
    152 views72 pages
    The document discusses rules for forming plurals in English. It explains that most nouns are made plural by adding -s, but there are exceptions. Nouns ending in sh, ch, x, s, or z are usually made plural by adding -es. Nouns ending in a consonant plus y change the y to i and add -es. Most nouns ending in f, fe, or ff are made plural by changing the ending to -ves. Nouns ending in o are usually made plural by adding -s. Some nouns stay the same in both singular and plural forms, while others have completely irregular plural forms that must be memorized. The document provides numerous examples to illustrate the various rules.

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    The document discusses rules for forming plurals in English. It explains that most nouns are made plural by adding -s, but there are exceptions. Nouns ending in sh, ch, x, s, or z are usually made plural by adding -es. Nouns ending in a consonant plus y change the y to i and add -es. Most nouns ending in f, fe, or ff are made plural by changing the ending to -ves. Nouns ending in o are usually made plural by adding -s. Some nouns stay the same in both singular and plural forms, while others have completely irregular plural forms that must be memorized. The document provides numerous examples to illustrate the various rules.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    152 views72 pages

    Making Plurals

    Uploaded by

    vishu6387
    The document discusses rules for forming plurals in English. It explains that most nouns are made plural by adding -s, but there are exceptions. Nouns ending in sh, ch, x, s, or z are usually made plural by adding -es. Nouns ending in a consonant plus y change the y to i and add -es. Most nouns ending in f, fe, or ff are made plural by changing the ending to -ves. Nouns ending in o are usually made plural by adding -s. Some nouns stay the same in both singular and plural forms, while others have completely irregular plural forms that must be memorized. The document provides numerous examples to illustrate the various rules.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 72

    Rules of

    plural
    What is a plural?
    one cat two cats
    Plural or Singular?
    one flower three flowers
    Plural or Singular?
    one hat four hats
    • What is plural?

     When we want to talk


    about more than one
    things in English, we use
    the plural form of a noun.
    house
    Do you know the plural form?
    HOUSES
    Church
    Do you know the plural form?
    CHURCHES
    Watch Out – Rules!
    There are lots of rules when
    changing words from singular to
    plural.

    BE CAREFUL!
    Rule 1 Singular Plural
    boy boys
    To form the hair hairs
    plural of most trap traps
    nouns you
    girl girls
    simply add an s
    door doors
    to the end of the
    noun. voice voices
    wood woods
    Adding ‘s’

    For most words we just add ‘s’ to the end of it to
    change it into a plural.
    one apple three apples

    desk → desks month →months


    book → books train → trains
    pen → pens name →names
    Adding ‘s’ to make plurals

    game s
    pen s
    boy s
    girls
    school s
    • Rule 2
    If the noun ends in sh,
    Singular Plural
    ch, x, s, brush brushes

    or z add es to lunch lunches


    make it plural. fox foxes
    success successes
    Notice that these words buzz buzzes
    all end in a “hissing”
    sound.
    Adding ‘es’
    For others we need to add ‘es’ to change it to a
    plural.
    one brush two brushes

    box → boxes dish → dishes


    glass → glasses quiz → quizes
    Fish
    Do you know the plural form?
    FISHES
    Adding ‘es’ to make plurals

    bush es
    watch es

    fox es

    kiss es
    church es
    Rule 3
    If a noun ends in a consonant plus y, the
    y changes to i before es is added. Note:
    If the noun ends in a vowel plus y, just
    add s.
    What are the vowels?
    a
    e
    i
    o
    u
    All the other letters are consonants.
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    army jelly

    city

    baby fly
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    army jelly

    city

    baby fly
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    arm ies jelly

    city

    baby fly
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    arm ies jelly

    city

    baby fly
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    arm ies jellies

    city

    baby fly
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    arm ies jellies

    city

    baby fly
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    arm ies jellies

    cities

    baby fly
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    arm ies jellies

    cities

    baby fly
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    arm ies jellies

    cities

    babies fly
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    arm ies jellies

    cities

    babies fly
    Adding ‘ies’ to make plurals

    arm ies jellies

    cities

    babies flies
    So
    Play ends in a (vowel) and y therefore the plural
    form is plays.
    Monkey ends in e (vowel) and y therefore the plural
    form is monkeys.
    Likewise
    Party ends in t (consonant) and y therefore the
    plural form is parties.
    Candy ends in d (consonant) and y therefore the
    plural form is candies.
    Rule 4
    Most of the words that
    Singular Plural
    end with f, ff, or fe
    are made plural by loaf loaves
    changing the ending thief thieves
    to -ves. wolf wolves
    life lives
    half halves
    knife knives
    Singular Plural
    chief chiefs
    There are cliff cliffs
    exceptions that proof proofs
    must be belief beliefs
    memorized or gulf gulfs
    looked up. roof roofs
    safe safes
    sniff sniffs
    chef chefs
    ref refs
    giraffe giraffes
    cafe cafes
    chief chiefs
    Singular Plural
    auto autos

    Rule 5 kangaroo
    kilo
    kangaroos
    kilos
    memo memos
    Words that end in o
    photo photos
    are usually made piano pianos
    plural by adding s. pimento pimentos
    poncho ponchos
    pro pros
    solo solos
    soprano sopranos
    studio studios
    tattoo tattoos
    video videos
    tobacco tobaccos
    zoo zoos
    There are exceptions
    .
    Singular Plural
    that must be echo echoes
    memorized or hero heroes
    looked up. potato potatoes
    tomato tomatoes
    torpedo torpedoes
    echo echoes
    veto vetoes
    embargo embargoes
    Singular Plural
    Rule 6 sheep sheep
    moose moose
    Some words are the deer deer
    same in both the perch perch
    singular and the salmon salmon
    plural forms. fish fish
    tuna tuna
    trout trout
    bison bison
    series series
    swine swine
    corps corps
    Rule 7
    Some words form their Singular Plural
    plural by changing
    mouse mice
    the whole word.
    child children
    These are called
    man men
    irregular nouns.
    tooth teeth
    With irregular
    foot feet
    nouns, you have to
    memorize the plural goose geese

    form. person people


    ox oxen
    louse lice
    woman women
    Some nouns become a new word when
    made plural:
    man
    men

    goose
    geese
    Some nouns do not change at all when
    made plural:

    sheep
    sheep

    deer
    deer
    Can you make these nouns plural?
    1. half
    2. foot
    3. piano
    4. spy
    5. brush
    Can you make these nouns plural?
    1. halves
    2. feet
    3. pianos
    4. spies
    5. brushes
    Not all plurals follow the rules.

    Look at the following words, do you know what the


    plural of it is?
    man
    men
    woman
    women
    child
    children
    person
    people
    sheep
    sheep
    mouse
    mice
    goose
    geese
    foot
    feet
    tooth
    teeth
    ox
    oxen
    louse
    lice
    deer
    deer
    fish
    fishes
    octopus
    octopi
    cactus
    cacti

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