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    Basic Telephony and Cellular

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    Muhammad Tahir
    This document provides an overview of basic telephone systems and cellular/wireless telephone systems. It describes the key components of GSM networks including base station systems, network switching systems, and interfaces. It also summarizes various supplementary services available in GSM like voice mail, SMS, and call forwarding. Network elements such as the base station controller, base transceiver station, mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register are defined along with their functions.

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    Basic Telephony and Cellular

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Tahir
    57 views38 pages
    This document provides an overview of basic telephone systems and cellular/wireless telephone systems. It describes the key components of GSM networks including base station systems, network switching systems, and interfaces. It also summarizes various supplementary services available in GSM like voice mail, SMS, and call forwarding. Network elements such as the base station controller, base transceiver station, mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register are defined along with their functions.

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    This document provides an overview of basic telephone systems and cellular/wireless telephone systems. It describes the key components of GSM networks including base station systems, network switching systems, and interfaces. It also summarizes various supplementary services available in GSM like voice mail, SMS, and call forwarding. Network elements such as the base station controller, base transceiver station, mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register are defined along with their functions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views38 pages

    Basic Telephony and Cellular

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Tahir
    This document provides an overview of basic telephone systems and cellular/wireless telephone systems. It describes the key components of GSM networks including base station systems, network switching systems, and interfaces. It also summarizes various supplementary services available in GSM like voice mail, SMS, and call forwarding. Network elements such as the base station controller, base transceiver station, mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register are defined along with their functions.

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    of 38

    Basic Telephony and Cellular

    Basic Telephone System

    SWITCH / EXCHANGE

    1. 2.

    Off Hook Dial Tone Dialing Digits Conversation

    1. 2. 3.

    Ring Off Hook Conversation

    Wireless Telephone System


    MSC

    RBS BSC

    RBS

    Mobile Subscriber...

    What is Cellular Telephony?


    The Cell
    A cell is a certain area that can be reached with one transceiver
    RBS
    Actual Cell Shape

    The hexagonal-shaped communication cells are artificial & are generated to simplify the planning & design of a cellular network.

    What is Cellular Telephony?


    Contd

    MICRO Cells
    Below Rooftop ~ Railway Platforms, Airports ~ Busy Shopping Bazaar etc. Low Tx Power ~ 2 Watt max. Limited Coverage ~ 200m - 500m
    Macro Cell

    Micro Cell

    What is Cellular Telephony?


    Contd

    PICO Cells
    Inside offices, Buildings Very Low Tx Power ~ Less than 1 Watt
    Macro Cell

    Limited Coverage ~ 50 -100m

    Pico Cell

    GSM Network Elements

    GSM Network Elements


    NMC EC VLR

    PSTN

    HLR

    AUC OMS OMC MSC EIR

    IWF

    NSS ME XCDR
    --

    BSC

    SIM MS BTS BSS

    GSM Network Elements


    Base Station System (BSS)
    Three main components

    NSS BSC (Base Site Controller) BTS (Base Transceiver Station) XCDR (Transcoder)

    XCDR

    BSS

    BSC BTS

    GSM Network Elements


    Base Station System (BSS) BSC (Base Site Controller)
    Controls up to 40 BTS Conveys information to & from BTS Connects terrestrial circuits & Air Interface channels Controls handovers between BTSs under BTS (Base Transceiver Station) itself Contains RF Hardware Limited control functionality Provides connectivity b/w MSC & BTS BSS

    XCDR

    BSC

    1 - 6 carriers in a BTS Cabinet 7 - 48 simultaneous calls per BTS

    BTS

    GSM Network Elements


    Transcoder (XCDR)
    64kbps each

    30 Channel PCM
    1234

    64kbps each

    120 GSM TCH

    MSC

    XCDR 1 2 3 4
    16 kbps each

    BSS

    Transcoder Information from FOUR calls (4x16 KBPS put into ONE 64 KBPS timeslot

    GSM Network Elements


    BSS Configuration
    Collocated BTS

    Remote BTS

    GSM Network Elements


    BSS Configuration
    Star Configuration

    All BTS on 1 E1

    GSM Network Elements


    BSS Configuration Loop Configuration

    All BTS on 1 E1

    GSM Network Elements

    Network Switching System (NSS)


    MSC (Mobile Switching Centre) HLR (Home Location Register) VLR (Visitor Location Register) EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
    EC VLR HLR

    AUC (Authentication Centre) IWF (Interworking Function) EC (Echo Canceller)


    IWF

    AUC MSC

    NSS

    EIR

    GSM Network Elements


    MSC

    Network Switching System (NSS)

    Call Switching Operation & Management Support Collects call billing data
    EC VLR HLR

    Gateway MSC
    Provides interface between PSTN & GSM Network.
    IWF

    AUC MSC

    NSS

    EIR

    GSM Network Elements


    HLR
    Reference database for the Subscriber profiles

    Network Switching System (NSS)

    Subscriber ID (IMSI & MSISDN) Current VLR Address Supplementary Service Information (e.g current forwarding address)
    EC VLR HLR

    Subscriber Status (Registered/deregistered) Authentication Key and AUC functionality TMSI MSRN
    IWF NSS MS C

    AUC

    EIR

    GSM Network Elements


    VLR

    Network Switching System (NSS)

    Temporary Data, which exists as long as the subscriber is active in a particular Coverage area, and contains the following

    Mobile Status (Busy/ Free/ No Answer/etc.)


    EC

    VLR

    HLR

    Location Area Identity (LAI) TMSI MSRN (Mobile Station Roaming Number) IWF
    NSS AUC MS C

    EIR

    GSM Network Elements


    EIR
    Contains Database for validating IMEI

    Network Switching System (NSS)

    White List (valid ME) Black List (Stolen ME) Grey List (Faulty ME)
    IWF NSS EC VLR HLR

    AUC MSC

    EIR

    GSM Network Elements


    IWF

    Network Switching System (NSS)


    Provides function to enable the GSM System to interface with Public/Private Data Networks. The basic feature of the IWF are
    ~ ~

    Rate Conversion Protocol adaptation


    EC

    VLR

    HLR

    AUC MSC

    IWF NSS

    EIR

    GSM Network Elements


    Echo Canceller

    Network Switching System (NSS)

    Echo is apparent only in Mobile - Land conversation & is generated at the 2 wire to 4 wire interface.To avoid it, Echo Canceller (EC) is VLR HLR used. EC
    AUC MSC

    IWF NSS

    EIR

    Mobile End

    GSM Network Elements


    Echo Canceller Contd

    Network Switching System (NSS)

    Echo is irritating to MS Subscriber Total Round Trip delay of 180 ms in the GSM system
    EC VLR HLR

    EC is placed on the PSTN side of the


    MSC

    AUC

    Switch
    IWF NSS EIR

    GSM Network Elements


    Operation and Maintenance Centre (OMC)
    The OMC has access to the (G)MSC, BSC Event & Alarm Management Fault Management Performance Management Configuration Management Security Management

    Operation and Maintenance System (OMS)

    NMC

    OMC OMS

    GSM Network Elements


    Network Management Centre (NMC)

    Operation and Maintenance Centre (OMC)

    Offers Hierarchical Regionalized Network Management of a complete GSM system.


    Monitors Nodes on the Network Monitors Network Element Statistics Enables Long Term Planning for entire Network Monitors OMC regions & provides information to OMC staff

    GSM Terrestrial Interfaces


    Standard Interfaces
    2 Mbps Trunks (E1) Signaling System No. 7 ( C7) X.25 (Packet Switched Mode)

    GSM Terrestrial Interfaces


    Standard Interfaces
    2 Mbps Trunks (E1) Signaling System No. 7 ( C7) X.25 (Packet Switched Mode)

    GSM Terrestrial Interfaces


    Standard Interfaces
    2 Mbps Trunks (E1) Signaling System No. 7 ( C7) X.25 (Packet Switched Mode)

    GSM Terrestrial Interfaces


    GSM Interfaces

    Um MS A B C D E F G H

    to BTS

    Abis BTS to BSC BSC to MSC MSC to VLR MSC to HLR VLR to HLR MSC to MSC MSC to EIR VLR to VLR HLR to AUC

    GSM Supplementary Services


    Voice Mail Friends & Family Favorite Area (Not used) Multiparty (Conference Calling) Info Services SMS (Text or picture Messaging) Chat line (141) International Roaming for Postpaid subscribers Fax, Data for Postpaid as well as for Prepaid Call Waiting and Call Hold CLI Call Forwarding

    Work Station

    Work Station

    TRAKKER

    EMI UCP over TCP/IP ROUTER At Trakker end Antenna

    Radio Modem 64Kbps

    SERVE R WITH LAID=40 0

    DTU

    Radio Link

    Vehicle with SIM

    Lease Line

    Antenna
    Radio Modem 64Kbps

    DTU

    GSM Air Interface

    ROUTER at SMSC

    LAID=400

    BSS

    MSC 2 KHI
    8 x C7 links

    SMSC

    MOBILINK

    SMSC Connectivity
    BTS

    C7 LINKS USED FOR SMS COMMUNICATION WITH MSC

    SMSC

    MSC
    C7 LINKS

    BSS

    Voice Mail Connectivity


    BTS
    Mail box for subscribers where voice messages are stored

    BSS
    Voice Mail Platform
    C7 LINKS+ PCM Links

    MSC

    Mobile Switching Center (Siemens D-900)


    Coordination Processor Switching Network Message Buffer Digital Line Unit Line Trunk Group Digital Distribution Frame Common Channel Signaling Processor

    Base Station Subsystem (Motorola)

    Base Station Controllers Base Transceiver Station Transcoders (XCDR)

    Transmission equipment

    High capacity (SDH)

    Altium (DMC) 155 mbits/s, 63 x E1 XP-4 (DMC) 16x E1 Alcatel 16 x E1

    Low capacity (PDH)


    Power supply equipment

    Siemens 48 volt DC, 660 Amp Lorain 48 volts DC, 300 Amp Backup batteries

    Song messaging service


    In collaboration with Pakistan call Uses voice messaging platform Send/dedicate a song to any Mobile or LL number Accessible by calling 1700 form Mobile

    THANK YOU

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