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    Lecture Series 04 - Coupled Oscillators

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    SUBIR KUMAR Das
    The document discusses coupled oscillators and normal modes of vibration. It begins by describing a system of two masses connected by springs, representing a coupled oscillator system. It then shows that by applying normal coordinate transformations, the equations of motion can be decoupled into independent normal modes that oscillate at characteristic normal frequencies. The normal modes represent in-phase and out-of-phase vibrations of the two-mass system. As an example, it analyzes the normal modes of a two-pendulum system and shows how the normal modes superimpose to describe the time evolution of each pendulum's motion.

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    Lecture Series 04 - Coupled Oscillators

    Uploaded by

    SUBIR KUMAR Das
    258 views23 pages
    The document discusses coupled oscillators and normal modes of vibration. It begins by describing a system of two masses connected by springs, representing a coupled oscillator system. It then shows that by applying normal coordinate transformations, the equations of motion can be decoupled into independent normal modes that oscillate at characteristic normal frequencies. The normal modes represent in-phase and out-of-phase vibrations of the two-mass system. As an example, it analyzes the normal modes of a two-pendulum system and shows how the normal modes superimpose to describe the time evolution of each pendulum's motion.

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    Lecture Series 04 - Coupled Oscillators - PPT.pptx

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    The document discusses coupled oscillators and normal modes of vibration. It begins by describing a system of two masses connected by springs, representing a coupled oscillator system. It then shows that by applying normal coordinate transformations, the equations of motion can be decoupled into independent normal modes that oscillate at characteristic normal frequencies. The normal modes represent in-phase and out-of-phase vibrations of the two-mass system. As an example, it analyzes the normal modes of a two-pendulum system and shows how the normal modes superimpose to describe the time evolution of each pendulum's motion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    258 views23 pages

    Lecture Series 04 - Coupled Oscillators

    Uploaded by

    SUBIR KUMAR Das
    The document discusses coupled oscillators and normal modes of vibration. It begins by describing a system of two masses connected by springs, representing a coupled oscillator system. It then shows that by applying normal coordinate transformations, the equations of motion can be decoupled into independent normal modes that oscillate at characteristic normal frequencies. The normal modes represent in-phase and out-of-phase vibrations of the two-mass system. As an example, it analyzes the normal modes of a two-pendulum system and shows how the normal modes superimpose to describe the time evolution of each pendulum's motion.

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    You are on page 1of 23

    Coupled oscillators

    A single spring-mass system One mass + Two springs

    2 mx  k ( x)  k ( x)
    d x
    m 2  kx  2kx
    dt
    x  Acos( t+ ) 2k
    
    m
    Some more thoughts about
    single oscillator and coupled oscillators

    Frequency of H2 molecule?

    H2O molecule and Microwave oven

    Thermal expansion
    Data:
    Each cart mass = 0.214 kg.
    Each end spring constant = 2.90 N/m.
    Middle spring constant = 1.635 N/m.
    Coupled oscillators

    SHM Coupling
    term term
    Considering small-angle approximation
    x1 xo
    sin 1  ; sin  o 
    l l
    Equation of motion
    Total force on Mass-1
    x1
    mx1   mg  k ( x1  x0 )
    l
    Total force on Mass-0
    x0
    mx0  mg  k ( x0  x1 )
    l

    SHM Coupling
    term term
    Mass-0 Mass-1
    Considering small-angle approximation
    x1 xo
    sin 1  ; sin  o 
    l l
    Equation of motion
    Total force on Mass-1
    x1
    mx1   mg  k ( x1  x0 )
    l
    Total force on Mass-0
    x0
    mx0  mg  k ( x0  x1 )
    l

    SHM Coupling
    term term
    Mass-0 Mass-1
    g
    Let  
    2
    0
    Natural freq. of each pendulum
    l
    k
    x0   x    x0  x1 
    2
    0 0
    m
    k
    x1  0 x1    x1  x0 
    2

    Adding: x1  x0  2
    0  x1  x 0   0
     2 2k 
    Subtracting: x1  x0   0    x1  x 0   0
     m
    Normal Co-ordinates
    Which gives a set of linear
    x1  x0  q1 differential equations with
    constant coefficients in which
    x1  x0  q2 each equation contains only one
    dependent variable (our Simple
    Harmonic equations in q1 and q2
    only)

    Normal modes

    q1   q  0
    2
    0 1 A vibration involving only one
    dependent variable is called a
    normal mode of vibration and has
     2 2k  its own normal frequency.
    q2   0  q2  0 The importance of the normal
    modes of vibration is that they are
     m entirely independent of each other
    Normal mode: A way in which the system can move in a steady
    state, in which all parts of the system move with the same
    frequency. The parts may have different (zero or negative)
    amplitudes
    Normal modes of Benzene
    Breathing Mode Breat Mode
    Twist Mode
    Normal frequencies

    Slow mode 1  0
    1/ 2
     2 2k 
    Fast mode 2   1  
     m
    Solutions

    q 1  x1  x0  q10 cos 1t  1 


    q 2  x1  x0  q20 cos 2t  2 
    Normal mode amplitudes : q10 and q20
    In-phase vibration (Pendulum mode)

    q2  0(x0  x1 )
    q1   q  0
    2
    1 1
    Out-of-phase vibration (Breathing mode)

    q1  0 (x0   x1 )
     2 2k 
    q2   1   q2  0
     m
    Let us choose the following example

    x1  2a & x2  0 at t 0
    How will the system evolve with time?

    q 1  x1  x0  q10 cos 1t  1 


    q 2  x1  x0  q20 cos 2t  2 
    Following the initial conditions:

    q10  q20  2a & 1  2  o


    Pendulum displacements

    1
    x1   q1  q2   a  cos1t  cos2t 
    2

     2acos
     2  1  t
    cos
     1  2  t
    2 2

    1
    x0   q1  q2   a  cos1t  cos2t 
    2

     2asin
     2  1  t
    sin
     1  2  t
    2 2
    Superposition of Normal Modes

    1
    x1  (q1  q2 )
    2
    Evolution with time for individual pendulum
    Condition for complete energy exchange

    The masses M0 and M1 have to be equal and-

    For (2  1 )t  4n , xo=0


    (2  1 )  4n
    x1  2a cos
    (2  1 )  2
    (2  1 )
     INTEGER
    (2  1 )

    Else, neither of the two pendulums will ever be stationary

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