Present Perfect

Present Perfect
Present Perfect Simple

• Form:
• auxiliary verb to have + past participle (the third
form) of the main verb:
“I have rarely been to the English class.”
“It shows.”
• Auxiliary + not:
George hasn’t written for ages.
• Questions – inversion subject – auxiliary verb:
Has she arrived yet?
Present Perfect Continuous
• Form:
• auxiliary verb to have + past participle (the third
form) of the verb to be + indefinite participle (the
–ing form):
It has been raining for two days.
• Auxiliary + not:
I’m sorry, I haven’t been listening.
• Questions – inversion subject – auxiliary verb:
Has she been reading all morning?
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous
- For an action which started in the - For an action which started in the
past, but is going on up to the past, but is going on up to the
present: present and at present too.
a) stress is laid on duration:
I have known him for years. I’ve been teaching at this school
I have taught at this school for for twenty years.
twenty years. b) irritation, annoyance, reproach:
We’ve been insisting on that
lately.
- For an action which started, - The action started in the past, but it
developed and was completed in is still continuing, duration is
the past, and has consequences emphasized; it also expresses
into the present: annoyance, reproach:
I have read this novel. (I can speak Why are you crying? Because I’ve
about it). been peeling onions.
I have broken my leg. (I can’t walk
now).
- To express completion of the action, - To show that the action hasn’t been
i.e., it has been finished: finished:
Who’s drunk my milk? (the glass is Who’s been drinking my milk?
empty) (there is a little milk left).
I’ve looked over all the papers. I’ve been looking over the papers.
(I’ve finished looking over them) (I haven’t finished them, I’m still
looking over them.)
- When the time of the action is not - When the time of the action is not
mentioned and till now is mentioned, till now is understood
understood: and stress is laid on duration:
Have you had lunch? - I’ve been working a lot.
Have you seen them?
- For permanent actions and - For temporary actions and
situations: situations:
- We have lived here for ten years. - He has been living with his
grandparents this month / this
semester / this summer.
- For repeated actions which have a) When duration is pointed out:

happened up to the present, It’s been raining for about two
with such adverbs as: hours / since morning.
- for two weeks, since five b) For repeated actions to express
o’clock, just, already, yet, lately,
irritation, annoyance, reproach:
this week, these days. But I’ve just been talking to him!
He has been spending a lot of
They’ve just come back from the money lately.
seaside. You’re been losing your gloves
Has the house been done up lately!
yet?
He has been ill these days. • already is not used with the
progressive / continuous aspect,
because it shows the completion
of the action.
- With recently = lately: - With these adverbs to express duration, or

today = when the day is not finished irritation, reproach:
I’ve been very busy recently. I’ve been doing so many things recently.
I’ve written ten pages today. I’ve been training all day long today.
- if we say when the past event happened
Past Tense is used:
- recently = a short time ago
I talked to my boss recently.
I had an argument with my friend today.
Did you read the papers today? (today is
finished)
- With adverbs of frequency when the time is - With these adverbs to express irritation,
not mentioned and till now is understood: annoyance, reproach, disapproval,
always, ever, never, often, seldom, rarely: admiration:
- I have never been to Paris. - She has always been telling lies.
- Have you ever seen this play? - He has often been reading till late at night.
- With verbs which are not normally used in - Think, see are used in the progressive
the continuous aspect: verbs of mental aspect with a different meaning:
activity, verbs of perception, verbs of likes
and dislikes: - I have been thinking a lot lately. (to reflect)
- I have known her for years. - I’ve been seeing a lot of Jim these days. (to
- I haven’t thought of that. date, visit)
- I haven’t seen you for ages.
- I have never liked him.
- To express indignation, reproach: - To express politeness:

- What have you done? - What have you been doing?
- In giving news in very short sentences:
There has been a fire.
- After this is the first time and similar

expressions:
- This is the first time I’ve heard him play the
piano.
- This is the only birthday party I’ve really
enjoyed (in my life).
Exercises
Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous:
1.Jack has finished (to finish) his homework and wants to go out with his
friends.
2. Have you seen (to see) Jane today? I have been looking (to look) for her
everywhere.
3.I have already advised (to advise) him to arrange for insurance because he
will need medical treatment there.
4.I have not taken (not to take) my bag yet from the lost and found luggage
office.
5.I have never seen (to see) such an intricate puzzle.
6.There must be something wrong with him; he has been lieing (to lie) in bed
since he broke his leg, and he has been talking (not to talk) to anybody.
7.I have been making (to make) little progress lately; I don’t know two foreign
languages and this has kept (to keep) me back.
8.We have been (to be) very busy these days; we have been painting (to paint)
the house.
Exercises
Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous:
9. Where have you been (to be)? I have been wainting (to wait) here for
almost half an hour.
10. I have never seen (to see) such a tough person!
11. He’s such a bore! This week he has called (to call) on us three times.
I wonder what he’s aiming at.
12. It’s the second time I have been (to be) here, and I have been
learning (to learn) a lot from the experience I have shared (to share)
with them.
13. He has been trying (to try) hard for almost a month to catch up with
his colleagues, but the results obtained have not been (not to be) so
good.
Exercises
Find out the mistakes and correct them:
1.He seems to be angry. He hasn’t been talking to me for a few weeks.
What have I done to him?
2.He is longing for his home town. He hasn’t been home for more than
two years.
3.I have been very busy these days. I have made a report, which I must
give to the editor-in-chief. I will have it published in two days.
4.Haven’t you talk to Ann today? If you want to talk to her, you may find
her in her office till 4 o’clock.
5.It has been raining since morning. I don’t feel like going out.
6.I have been working all day long today – that’s why I’m dead tired. But
I’d like to read the newspapers before I go to bed. Have you brought
them?
7. I have been here for three times, and I know the place quite well.
8.It rained a little every day for a week, but today it has been raining
Exercises
Rephrase the following sentence:
1.Mary is coming to see us next week.
When is Mary due to come to see us?
2.Are you familiar with this saying?
Do you know this saying?
3. They last saw their eldest son three years ago.
They haven’t seen their eldest son for three years.
4. Jane started writing this programme in September and she is still
working on it.
How long has Jane been writing this programme?
5. I haven’t drunk a good wine for years.
It’s ages since I last drank a good wine.
6. The train is due out at 6:34.
The train is coming at 6:34.
Exercises
Rephrase the following sentence:
7. Five months ago Roger started the law school.

Roger has been attending the law school for five
months.
8. Is this your wife’s first visit to Sydney?

Has your wife visited Sydney before?
9. It’s ages since I last invited somebody to my place.

I have not invited somebody to my place for ages.
Exercise
• Choose the correct answer:
1.The soup smells / is smelling very good.
2.What are you doing? Do you think / Are you
thinking of your son?
3.Your eyes are red. Have you cried / Have you been
crying?
4.I’ve seen / I saw Mary today.
5.The jury hears / is hearing the key witness right
now.
6.Mother tastes / is tasting the meat right now to
check if it’s salty enough.
Exercise
• Choose the correct answer:
7. Jack has known / has been knowing my brother since
kindergarten.
- Jack has been knowing my brother since
kindergarten.
8. It’s only six and it gets / it’s getting darker and darker.
- It’s only six and it’s getting darker and darker.
9. This winter it rained / it has rained a lot.
- This winter it has rained a lot.
10. I’ve been mending / I’ve mended these socks since
she left the room.

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Present Perfect Simple

- For repeated actions which have a) When duration is pointed out:

- With recently = lately: - With these adverbs to express duration, or

- To express indignation, reproach: - To express politeness:

- After this is the first time and similar

7. Five months ago Roger started the law school.

8. Is this your wife’s first visit to Sydney?

9. It’s ages since I last invited somebody to my place.

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