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    Philosophies of Education

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    El Nard
    This document outlines and compares five major philosophies of education: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, and behaviorism. For each philosophy, it discusses the reasons for teaching, what should be taught, and how it should be taught. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and mastery of subjects. Progressivism emphasizes developing citizens and problem-solving skills. Perennialism aims to develop rational and moral powers through great books. Existentialism supports understanding oneself and accepting responsibility. Behaviorism arranges environments to elicit favorable responses to stimuli. The document also mentions other philosophies like reconstructionism and religious orthodoxy.

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    Philosophies of Education

    Uploaded by

    El Nard
    51 views23 pages
    This document outlines and compares five major philosophies of education: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, and behaviorism. For each philosophy, it discusses the reasons for teaching, what should be taught, and how it should be taught. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and mastery of subjects. Progressivism emphasizes developing citizens and problem-solving skills. Perennialism aims to develop rational and moral powers through great books. Existentialism supports understanding oneself and accepting responsibility. Behaviorism arranges environments to elicit favorable responses to stimuli. The document also mentions other philosophies like reconstructionism and religious orthodoxy.

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    Philosophies of Education

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    This document outlines and compares five major philosophies of education: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, and behaviorism. For each philosophy, it discusses the reasons for teaching, what should be taught, and how it should be taught. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and mastery of subjects. Progressivism emphasizes developing citizens and problem-solving skills. Perennialism aims to develop rational and moral powers through great books. Existentialism supports understanding oneself and accepting responsibility. Behaviorism arranges environments to elicit favorable responses to stimuli. The document also mentions other philosophies like reconstructionism and religious orthodoxy.

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    51 views23 pages

    Philosophies of Education

    Uploaded by

    El Nard
    This document outlines and compares five major philosophies of education: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, and behaviorism. For each philosophy, it discusses the reasons for teaching, what should be taught, and how it should be taught. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and mastery of subjects. Progressivism emphasizes developing citizens and problem-solving skills. Perennialism aims to develop rational and moral powers through great books. Existentialism supports understanding oneself and accepting responsibility. Behaviorism arranges environments to elicit favorable responses to stimuli. The document also mentions other philosophies like reconstructionism and religious orthodoxy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 23

    Philosophies of

    Education
    Sherwin E.Balbuena
    What is life?
    Whoam I?
    Whyam I here?
    Existential What am I livingfor?
    Questions What is reality?
    Isthe universereal?
    What is good to do?
    Howshould I live lifemeaningfully?
    Whydo Iteach?
    What should I teach?
    In theschool
    Howshould Iteach?
    context…
    Whatis the nature of the learner?
    Howdo welearn?
    Essentialism
    Five Major Progressivism
    Philosophiesof Perennialism
    Education Existentialism
    (Bilbao, etal)
    Behaviorism
    Whyteach?
    Thisphilosophy contends that
    Essentialism teachers teach for learners to
    acquire basic knowledge,skills,
    and values.
    What to teach?
    Basicskills or the fundamentalR’s --
    reading, ‘riting, ‘rithmetic, right
    conduct-- as these are essentialto
    the acquisition of higher or more
    Essentialism complex skills needed in
    preparation for adultlife.
    Curriculum includes the traditional
    disciplines such as math, natural
    sciences, history, foreign language,
    and literature.
    Howto teach?
    Essentialist teachers emphasize
    Essentialism mastery of subject matter. They
    are expected to be intellectual
    and moral models of their
    students.
    Whyteach?
    Progressivist teachers teach to develop
    Progressivism learners into becoming enlightened and
    (Pragmatism or intelligent citizens of a democratic
    Experimentalism) society.They teach learners so they may
    live fully NOW not to prepare them for
    adult life.
    What to teach?
    Need-based and relevant curriculum. This is
    a curriculum that “responds to students’
    needs and that relates to students’ personal
    lives and experiences.”
    Moreconcerned with teaching the learners
    Progressivism the skills to cope change. Change is the only
    thing that does not change.
    Natural and social sciences.Teachers expose
    students to many new scientific,
    technological, and socialdevelopments,
    reflecting the progressivist notion that
    progress and change arefundamental.
    How to teach?
    Progressivists teachers employexperiential
    methods. They believe that one learns by
    doing. (JohnDewey)
    Problem-solving method makes use of the
    Progressivism scientific method.
    “Hands-on-minds-on” teaching
    methodology (e.g., field trips during which
    students interact with nature or society).
    Teachers also stimulate studentsthrough
    thought-provoking games andpuzzles.
    Whyteach?
    Todevelop the students’ rational and
    Perennialism moral powers.
    (Rational Belief in the primacy of reason and in the
    Humanism) human’s ability to make rational
    judgments about the goodness of things
    (Adler & Hutchins).
    What to teach?
    Theperennialist curriculum is auniversal
    one on the view that all human beings
    Perennialism possess the same essentialnature.
    Heavy on humanities andgeneral
    education.
    GreatBooks.
    Howto teach?
    Theperennialist classrooms are“centred
    around teachers”.The teachers do not
    allow the students’ interests or
    Perennialism experiences to substantially dictate what
    they teach.They apply whatever creative
    techniques and other tried and true
    methods which are believed to be most
    conducive to disciplining the students’
    minds.
    Whyteach?
    Tohelp students understand and
    appreciate themselves as unique
    individuals who accept complete
    Existentialism responsibility for their thoughts, feelings,
    and actions.
    Existence precedes essence.
    Education of the whole person, not just
    the mind.
    What to teach?
    Givesa wide variety of options from
    which to choose.
    Emphasis on the humanities.
    Existentialism Vocational education to teach children
    about themselves and their potentials.
    Inthe arts, studentsare encouraged to
    practice individual creativity and
    imagination.
    Howto teach?
    Focuses on the individual.
    Learning is self-paced, self-directed.
    Existentialism Individual contact with the teacher.
    Teachers remain non-judgmental and
    take care not to impose their values on
    the students; since values are personal.
    Whyteach?
    Behaviorism Student’s behavior is a product of his
    environment.
    What to teach?
    Behaviorism Teachstudents to respondfavorably
    to various stimuli in the
    environment.
    Howto teach?
    Arranges environmental conditions
    so that students can make the
    Behaviorism
    responses to stimuli.
    e.g., well-managed classroom, use
    of attention catchers and incentives.
    Summary
    Reconstructionism/CriticalTheory
    Other
    Philosophies ReligiousOrthodoxy
    (accdg. to Reconceptualism
    Eisner)
    Cognitive Pluralism
    What philosophies of education
    do ourschools adhere to?
    Reflection
    Inthe historical perspectivesof
    our educational system?
    There are as many worldsas there
    Thankyou! are ways to describe them.
    NELSONGOODMAN

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