“All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others.

”
George Orwell
• British Author & Journalist
• He was born Eric Arthur Blair on June
25 1903
• He joined the Indian Imperial Police in
Burma, then a British colony but
resigned in 1927 and decided to

become a writer.
 • One of the most widely admired

English-language essayists of the
20th century




Work
• Orwell joined the police in Burma, where
he had family connections. In 1924 he was
promoted. It was this time in Burma that
provided the inspiration for Orwell’s first
novel, Burmese Days, published in 1934.

•Orwell took a job as a teacher in England,
after living in Paris for a short time. It was
a small school and allowed Orwell to focus
on
 his writing.
•Orwell, after suffering with pneumonia,
would take a part- time job working in a
book shop in Hampstead.
1984
 The novel, published in
1949, takes place in
1984 and presents an
imaginary future where a
totalitarian state controls
every aspect of life, even
people's thoughts. The
state is called Oceania
and is ruled by a group
known as the Party; its
leader and dictator is Big
Brother.
 George OrwellandHis Beliefs
• Orwell was a person who had a reputation
for standing apart and even making a
virtue of his detachment.
• Orwell’s beliefs about politics were affected by
his experiences fighting in the Spanish Civil
War.
• He viewed socialists,
communists, and fascists
as repressive and self-
serving.
 Animal Farm in brief
It was written in 1940's. It's an allegory
of the Russian revolution, on how
communism doesn't work. In the story, a
bunch of farm animals overthrow the
farmer who treated them badly. They set
up an ideal society in which all the
animals are equal, and all work for the
benefit of each other (basically a
communist society).
 Animal Farm

A masterpiece of political satire,
Animal Farm is a tale of oppressed
individuals who long for freedom
but ultimately are corrupted by
assuming the very power that had

originally oppressed them.
The story describes the miserable
conditions of mistreated animals
who can speak and who present
many human characteristics . After

extreme negligence by their owner,
the animals revolt and expel Mr.
Jones and his wife from the farm.

Interesting Fact: Orwell initially struggled to find a

publisher for Animal Farm .
CHARACTERS
•Mr. Jones : The often-drunk owner of Manor
Farm, later expelled from his land by his own
animals. He dies in an inebriates' home after
abandoning his hopes to reclaim his farm.
•Mrs. Jones : Jones' wife, who flees from the
farm when the animals rebel.
•Mr. Pilkington : The owner of Foxwood, a
neighboring and neglected farm. He eventually
sells some of his land to Napoleon and, in the
novel's final scene, toasts to Napoleon's success.
 CHARACTERS
•Old Major : An old boar whose speech
about the evils perpetrated by humans
rouses the animals into rebelling.
•Snowball : A boar who becomes one of the
rebellion's most valuable leaders.
• Napoleon : A boar who, with Snowball,
leads the rebellion against Jones.
•Squealer : A porker pig who becomes
Napoleon's mouthpiece.
 CHARACTERS
•Boxer : A dedicated but dim-witted horse.
•Clover : A motherly horse who silently
questions some of Napoleon's decisions.
•Mollie : A vain horse who prefers ribbons
and sugar over ideas and rebellion.
•Moses : A tame raven and sometimes-pet
of Jones who tells the animals stories
about a paradise called Sugar candy
Mountain.
 CHARACTERS
•Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher : Three dogs.
The nine puppies born between Jessie and
Bluebell are taken by Napoleon and raised
to be his guard dogs.

•Benjamin : A cynical, pessimistic donkey

who continually undercuts the animals'
enthusiasm with his cryptic remark,
"Donkeys live a long time."
 SEVEN COMANDMENTS
1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an
enemy.
2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has
wings, is a friend.
3. No animal shall wear clothes.
4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.
5. No animal shall drink alcohol.
6. No animal shall kill any other animal.
7. All animals are equal.
 Plot Summary
 The story is set on the Manor Farm,
owned and operated by Mr. Jones.
 One night the prize boar(male pig), Old
Major, tells all the other farm animals
he has realized that the misery of their
daily lives is all due to the tyranny of
human beings, and that if they work to
defeat the humans their lives will
become easy and comfortable.
 Plot Summary

After Old Major dies, the pigs , Snowball and
Napoleon) start teaching his ideas to the other
animals. A few months later, Mr. Jones gets
drunk and forgets to feed the animals, who
become so hungry that they rebel and drive the
human beings off the farm. They rename the
farm 'Animal Farm' and write the Seven
Commandments of Animalism up on the wall of
the barn(fold, store for animals food). Jones
comes back with a group of armed men and tries
to recapture the farm, but the animals, led by
Snowball, defeat the men.
 Plot Summary

Snowball and Napoleon argue constantly over
plans for the future of the farm, never able to
agree - especially over a windmill which Snowball
wants to build to provide the farm with electric
power, and which Napoleon ridicules. Napoleon
calls in nine dogs whom he has specially trained
and they chase Snowball off the farm. Squealer,
the very persuasive pig who relays most of
Napoleon's decisions to the other animals, tells
them that Snowball was a traitor in league with
Jones, and that the windmill was really Napoleon's
idea anyway and will go ahead.
 Plot Summary
The animals work hard - work on the
windmill is slow and they rely heavily on
Boxer the cart- horse, who is very strong and
hard- working. Napoleon begins trading with
nearby farms, and the pigs move into the
farmhouse and sleep in the beds there - even
though sleeping in beds like humans was
forbidden by the original principles of
Animalism.
 Plot Summary

The winter is difficult - the animals have little
food. Napoleon and Squealer blame Snowball
for everything that goes wrong on the farm,
from bad crops to blocked consumes. Then
Napoleon's dogs attack four pigs, who then
confess to plotting with Snowball and start a
series of confessions of various 'crimes' from
other animals - all of those who confess are
slaughtered by the dogs, leaving the survivors
shaken and miserable.
 Plot Summary
The windmill is finally completed and to get
money to buy the machinery for it, Napoleon
decides to sell a pack of wood of trees- after
hesitation between the two neighboring farmers
Pilkington and Frederick, he sells it to Frederick
only to discover that he has been paid with forged
banknotes. Frederick and his men then come on
to the farm and blow the windmill to pieces with
explosives, although the animals manage to drive
them off the farm again after a bloody battle. A
few days later the pigs find a case of alcohol in
the farmhouse cellar and get drunk.
 Plot Summary
 Boxer is injured while working on repairs to the
windmill, and Benjamin notices that the Napoleon
calls to send him to the vet, has 'Horse Slaughterer'
painted on the side. After Boxer has 'died in hospital'
under care of the vet, the pigs mysteriously find
money to buy another case of whiskey.
 After many years, life is just as hard as it ever was.
The pigs start walking on two legs. None of the old
Commandments are left on the barn wall. A group of
human farmers come to see the farm, they quarrel
with the pigs over a game of cards - and the animals
discover they can no longer tell which is human and
which is pig.
 Significance(importance) Today
 • Now that Soviet Communism has
fallen and the Cold War is over –
does Animal Farm deserve our
attention? The answer lies in the
power of allegory. Allegorical
fables, because they require us to
make comparisons and
connections, can be meaningful to
any reader in any historical
period. The story of Animal Farm
 will always have lessons to teach
us about the ways that people
abuse power and manipulate
others.
When History and Literature Merge

Critics often consider Animal
Farm to be an allegory of
the Russian Revolution. In
the early 1900s, Russia’s
Czar Nicholas II faced an
increasingly people. Freed
from feudal slavery in Vladimir Lenin

1861, many Russian

farmers were struggling to
survive under an unfair,
tyrannical government.
Joseph Stalin Leon Trotsky
 Russian Revolution
One of Orwell's goals in writing Animal
Farm was to portray the Russian Revolution of
1917 as one that resulted in a government
more oppressive, totalitarian, and deadly than
the one it overthrew. Many of the characters
and events of Orwell's novel parallel those of
the Russian Revolution: In short, Manor Farm is
a model of Russia, and old Major, Snowball,
and Napoleon represent the dominant figures of
the Russian Revolution.
 Animalism = Communism
 Animalism  Communism
• Taught by Old Major. • Invented by Karl Marx.
• No rich, but no poor. • All people are equal.
• Better life for workers. • Government owns
• All animals are equal. everything.
• Everyone owns the • People own the
farm. government.
 Animal Farm Revolution = Russian Revolution
 Animal Farm Revolution
 Russian Revolution
 Was supposed to make life
better for all, but . . .  Was supposed to fix the
problems created by the
 Life was worse at the end.
Czar, but . . .
 The leaders became the
same as, or worse than the  Life was even worse after
other farmers (humans) the revolution.
they rebelled against.  Stalin made the Czar look
like a nice guy.
 Old Major
 Karl Marx


•T h e i n v e n t o r  o f c o m m u n i s m .
•W a n t s t o u n i t e t h e w o r k i n g
 c l a s s t o o v e r th r o w t h e
government.
•D i e s b e f o r e t h e R u s s i a n
 Revolution

 Napoleon
 Joseph Stalin


 •The communist dictator


of the Soviet Union
from 1922-1953 who killed all who opposed
 him.
•He loved power and used the KGB (secret
police) to enforce his ruthless(unmerciful),
corrupt antics.
Snowball
Leon Trotsky
• A pure communist
 leader who was
influenced by the teachings of Karl
Marx.
• He wanted to improve
 life
for people in Russia, but was driven
away by Lenin’s KGB.
FarmerJones
Czar NicholasII
• Weak Russian leader during the early 1900s
• Often cruel and brutal(harsh) to his subjects
• Displays isolated(seperated) kindness
Squealer
Boxer
• A dedicated but dim-witted horse who aids
in the building of the windmill but is sold to
a glue-boiler after collapsing from
exhaustion.
Squealer
•Represents the dedicated, but tricked
communist supporters of Stalin. Many

stayed loyal even after it was obvious
Stalin was a tyrant. Eventually they were
betrayed,
 ignored, and even killed by him.

Boxer
Jessie
Moses
 A tame(domesticated) raven
and sometimes- pet of
Jones who tells the animals
stories about a paradise
called Sugar-candy Jessie
Mountain.
 Moses represents religion.
Stalin used religious
principles to influence
people to work and to avoid
revolt.
Moses
 Themes
Conflict and resolution:
There are many conflicts in Animal Farm and I
will write about the two that I look at as the most
important. The first is in the beginning of the book
– the rebellion. The animals on the farm chase
Mr. Jones away and after they have done that, the
problem is solved. The second isn’t solved at all: In
the end of the book the animals see the pigs have
a fight with the humans and they can’t see any
difference between them. I think a new conflict is
created at this moment and you, as the reader,
must guess what happens next.
Utopia/Dystopia
– Animal Farm was intended to be a
Utopia but it became a dystopia when
the pigs changed
it into a communist society. Old Major's
ideas for the perfect society were well
placed but did not work. Not one
animal was really equal and most were
not cared for as should be.
False Allegiance (loyalty)
A final noteworthy theme is the way in which
people proclaim their allegiance to each other,

only to betray their true intentions at a later time.
Directly related to the idea that the rulers of the
rebellion eventually betray the ideals for which
they presumably fought, this theme is dramatized
in a number of relationships involving the novel's
human characters. Similarly, Frederick's buying
the firewood from Napoleon seems to form an
alliance that is shattered when the pig learns of
Frederick's forged banknotes. The novel's final
scene demonstrates that, despite all the.
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