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    Evolution of Earth

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    kei yen
    The early Earth had an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium that was lost to space. Later impacts added nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. Volcanic outgassing further altered the atmosphere. Cyanobacteria produced oxygen through photosynthesis, leading to the Great Oxidation Event and formation of the ozone layer. Plants came to dominate and produced the modern oxygen-rich atmosphere through photosynthesis.

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    Evolution of Earth

    Uploaded by

    kei yen
    14 views17 pages
    The early Earth had an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium that was lost to space. Later impacts added nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. Volcanic outgassing further altered the atmosphere. Cyanobacteria produced oxygen through photosynthesis, leading to the Great Oxidation Event and formation of the ozone layer. Plants came to dominate and produced the modern oxygen-rich atmosphere through photosynthesis.

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    The evolution

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    Evolution of earth

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    The early Earth had an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium that was lost to space. Later impacts added nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. Volcanic outgassing further altered the atmosphere. Cyanobacteria produced oxygen through photosynthesis, leading to the Great Oxidation Event and formation of the ozone layer. Plants came to dominate and produced the modern oxygen-rich atmosphere through photosynthesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    14 views17 pages

    Evolution of Earth

    Uploaded by

    kei yen
    The early Earth had an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium that was lost to space. Later impacts added nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. Volcanic outgassing further altered the atmosphere. Cyanobacteria produced oxygen through photosynthesis, leading to the Great Oxidation Event and formation of the ozone layer. Plants came to dominate and produced the modern oxygen-rich atmosphere through photosynthesis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    THE

    EVOLUTION OF
    THE EARTH’S
    ATMOSPHERE
    The
    atmosphere we
    started with, is
    nothing like the
    atmosphere we
    have today.
    EARTH’S EARLY ATMOSPHERE
    Earth’s early atmosphere was mainly composed
    of hydrogen and helium. This elements were the
    two lightest element and it composed 99.8% of
    the cloud. Because of the position of the Earth in
    our solar system, it resulted to the change of its
    Atmosphere.
    EVENTS THAT FORMED THE
    ATMOSPHERE
    • Primordial Atmosphere
    • Secondary Atmosphere
    • Atmosphere causes by outgassing
    • Evolution of Cyanobacteria
    • Great oxidation event
    • Modern Atmosphere
    PRIMORDIAL ATMOSPHERE
    • 4.6 billion years ago
    • The atmosphere was mainly composed Hydrogen (H2) and Helium (He)
    • Because the location of the Earth was near the Sun and its gravitational
    force is relatively weak, its primordial hydrogen and helium atmosphere
    boiled off into space and escaped.
    • The Ozone layer did not exist because there is no Oxygen in the
    atmosphere.
    Materials from
    outer space
    helped shape
    the atmosphere
    The Solar System was a very
    violent place when the Earth’s
    atmosphere was just starting to
    form.
    SECONDARY ATMOSPHERE: BOLIDE
    IMPACT FROM OUTER SPACE
    • 4.5 billion years ago
    • Giant hunks of rocks, metals and ice slammed into the Earth’s Surface.
    This materials collided and fused through intense heat and pressure.
    Matter vaporized on impact, leaving puddles of magma. Many of the
    collisions produced water vapor gases. Which gradually formed a blanket
    of steam around the earth, this thickened overtime thus becoming the
    Second Atmosphere.
    • The atmosphere was mainly composed Carbon Dioxide (CO2), water
    (H2O) and Nitrogen (N2)
    Volcanoes

    Scientists think that the


    atmosphere came from the
    many volcanic eruptions
    which took place in Earth's
    early history, and which
    continue today.
    ATMOSPHERE FORMED BY OUTGASSING
    AND MODIFIED BY REACTIONS OF GASES
    WITH GEOSPHERE

    • Happened around 4.5 to 2.7 billion years ago


    • There are many volcanic eruptions which took place in Earth's early history, and
    which continue today. All volcanoes are different but in general they release
    gases such as H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S, HCl, N2, NO2. These gases come from the
    melting of the Earth's crust at subterranean depths. In fact, volcanic activity can
    be thought of as recycling and replenishing the molecules of the atmosphere.
    • Mainly composed of Primordial Hydrogen (H2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2),
    some Water (H2O) and Nitrogen (N2)
    ATMOSPHERE FORMED BY OUTGASSING
    AND MODIFIED BY REACTIONS OF GASES
    WITH GEOSPHERE
    • After the loss of hydrogen, helium and other hydrogen-containing gases from
    early Earth due to the Sun’s radiation, primitive Earth was devoid of an
    atmosphere. The atmosphere was formed by outgassing of gases trapped in
    the interior of the early Earth, which still goes on today in volcanoes.
    • Through the process of outgassing, outpouring of gases from the earth’s
    interior, many other gases were injected into the atmosphere. These include:
    1. Water vapor (produced rain – rivers, lakes, oceans)
    2. Carbon dioxide
    3. Nitrogen
    • As outgassing occurred over a period of millions of years, the atmosphere
    evolved to its current state.
    Cyanobacteria

    Cyanobacteria belong to Earth's


    oldest organisms. They are still
    present today in oceans and
    waters and even in hot springs.
    EVOLUTION OF CYANOBACTERIA
    • Happened 2.7 billion years ag0, reactions with the environment
    causing Oxygen (O2) produced by Cyanobacteria.
    • Cyanobacteria started to evolve in the primordial ocean, they used
    CO2 in the atmosphere to manufacture food. They produced
    Oxygen (O2) as their waste material.
    • Living things created much of the third atmosphere, the one that
    now exists on the Earth. Cyanobacteria were responsible for the rise
    in the atmospheric concentration of oxygen beginning 2.3 billion
    years ago
    Cyanobacteria
    “evolved” into
    Plants
    Plants had a key role in the
    formation of the Modern
    atmosphere and is
    responsible for producing
    most of the oxygen in the
    present atmosphere today.
    THE GREAT OXIDATION
    • The appearance of free oxygen in Earth's atmosphere led to the Great
    Oxidation Event.
    • By producing oxygen and evolving into multicellular forms(plants), they
    played a key role in the emergence of organisms that breathe oxygen.
    • Because Plants needed CO2 from the atmosphere to produce food in the
    process of Photosynthesis. Oxygen as a by-product of this process became
    abundant in the atmosphere.
    THE GREAT OXIDATION
    • Through the past hundred and millions of years the plants depleted
    the CO2 in the atmosphere and fixed them in the soil atop the
    lithosphere. Some of which were converted into biomass.
    • The abundance of Oxygen enabled the Ozone layer to form, this acted
    as a shield that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.
    • The Plants thus, dynamically promoted the changes in the Earth’s
    atmosphere to become the O2 rich atmosphere we have today.
    MODERN ATMOSPHERE
    • This is the present day atmosphere that we live in.
    • The atmosphere is composed of a mix of several different gases in
    differing amounts. The permanent gases whose percentages do not
    change from day to day are nitrogen, oxygen and argon. Nitrogen
    accounts for 78% of the atmosphere, oxygen 21% and argon 0.9%.
    • High oxygen concentration maintained by biological photosynthesis.
    • The oceans are not anymore bodies of hot, poisonous soup, but are
    habitat fit for the present-day life forms.

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