Interpreting Test Scores

Assessment and Evaluation of Learning.
D. Interpreting Test Scores

• Measures of Central Tendency.
Measure Characteristics When to use

The average of a group a. The most reliable
group of scores can be measure is desired.
Mean affected by extreme scores There are no
Stable, varies less from sample extreme scores or a
to sample. few with very high
scores and few with
very low scores.
Slide no. 1 of 25

The midpoint or middle of a The distribution of
distribution of scores. score is skewed.
Median Also known as the 50th There are
percentile. extremely low
It is not affected by extreme scores.
scores.
Interpreting Test Scores

• Measures of Central Tendency. Slide no. 2 of 25

The score that occurs most The quickest
Mode frequently in the estimate of typical
distribution. performance is
wanted.
Interpreting Test Scores

• Measures of Central Tendency. Slide no. 3 of 25
• Computing the Measures of Central Tendency
1.Mean
 Ungrouped Scores
Problem:
Ten pupils took a 100-item math test to
determine if they can be placed in the fast
learner’s group. Following are their scores. What
is the average performance in the test?
Slide no. 4 of 25
Pupil 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
Scores 94,92,88,85,90,86,88,85,89,90
Formula: Where:
𝑥 = Mean
𝑥= ∑ N= Scores or Total number of cases
N
∑= Summation or Sum of all the
scores
Application:
N = 10
∑=
887 𝑥 = 88.7
N 10
887
𝑥=
10
Computing the Measures of Central Tendency of the mean Slide no. 5 of 25

Interpretation:
The pupils are generally performed
well in the Math test. Their average
score is 88.7. On the basis of their
scores, they may-be considered in the
fast learner’s group in Math.
Computing the Measures of Central Tendency of the mean Slide no. 6 of 25

Grouped Scores
Problem:
Ms. Palomares administered an achievement
test in Social Studies among her grade six pupils.
The test consists of on hundred twenty (120)
items.
Computing the Measures of Central Tendency of the Mean Slide no. 7 of 25

Their scores are listed below:

How would you describe the pupils’ performance in
the Social Studies achievement test?
Scores:
90 73 87 105
98 89 80 99
102 105 78 78
100 83 102 85
99 60 96 82
84 100 95 70
85 98 94 80
82 92 92 104
96 87 85 100
84 89 82 88
Steps:
1.Prepare a frequency device distribution.
a. find the range of the Scores.

Range = highest score – lowest score
= 105 – 60
= 45

b. Decide on the number of groups or steps

Maximum number of groups – 20
Minimum number of groups –7
Ideal number of Groups – 10 to 15

c. Determine the interval.

Interval = Range +no. of groups
= 45+10
= 4.5 or 5

Steps:
d. Find the lowest limit (L.L.) of the step interval. Divide

the Lowest score by the interval and then multiply by the
interval.
L.L. = (60-5) x5
= 12x5
= 60
L.L. of the step interval is 60-64
Note: LL should be exactly divisible by the

interval.
Steps:
e. Group the scores based on the lowest limit then tally the scores:
Scores Tally f d fd
105-109 II 2 +5 10
100-104 IIII-I 6 +4 24
95-99 IIII-II 7 +3 21 +70
90-94 IIII 4 +2 8
85-89 IIII-II 7 +1 7
80-84 IIII-III 8 0
75-79 III 3 -1 -3
70-74 II 2 -2 -4
65-69 0 -3 0 -11
60-64 I 1 -4 -4
N =40 ∑fd =59

Steps: 2. Apply the Formula:

𝑥=A.M. +(∑fd)
N
i
Where:
A.M = assumed mean (usually lies within the interval
with the highest frequency or it can be at any point of the
distribution)
∑fd = summation of frequency times the deviations from
the A.M
i = size of the step interval
N = number of cases
𝑥 = 82+5
= 82+(1.475)5
= 82+7.375
𝑥 = 89.375 or 89.38
Solution:
Step 1: Choose the interval for the assumed mean. In
the example, the assumed mean lies in the interval 80-
84. Get the midpoint of this interval.
80+84 164
A.M. = = = 82
2 2
Step 2: From the A.M. indicate the deviations from the

mean. (refer to the f column)

Solution:
Step 3: Multiply each frequency (f) by

the deviation from the A.M. (d) to get
fd.
Step 4: Add the fds above the

assumed mean then the fds below the
mean.
Then get the algebraic sum.
Solution:
Step 5: Divide the sum of the fd by N.

In the example : ∑fd = 59
N = 40
59
so, = 1.475-40
40
Step 6: Multiply the answer in step5 by the

interval.
The answer in step 5 1.475 and the
interval is 5 so, 7.375
Solution:
Step 7: Add the product to the assumed mean.

The assumed mean is 82, so 82+7.35-89.375
or 89.38.
Interpretation: Out of the 120 items in the

Social Studies Achievement Test, the Grade VI
pupils obtained an average score of 89.38.

• Computing the Measures of Central Tendency
1.Median
 Ungrouped Scores
problem:
Find the median of the scores obtained by
a group of high school students in the algebra
test.
89,54,98,45,80,106,110,92,75,75,68,98,102
Slide no. 19 of 25
Solution: (N is Odd)
Step 1: Arrange the scores from the highest to

Lowest or lowest to highest.
Step 2: Circle the score that has equal number of

scores above and below it. This score is the
median.
110,106,102,98,98,92, 89 ,80,75,75,68,54,45
Computing the Measures of Central Tendency of the Median Slide no. 20 of 25

Solution: (N is Odd)
Interpretation: The median score is 89.

therefore, a score of 98 falls above the
median.
On the other hand, a score of 45 falls
below the median.

Problem 2:
What is the median of the following scores of Grade

1 Pupils in reading test?
62,42,65,56,41,38,70,70,43,68

Solution: (N is even)
Step 1: Arrange the scores in numerical order.
Step 2: Circle the two middle scores that have

equal number of scores above and below it.

Step 3: Compute the average of the two scores to

determine
the median.
two middle scores:
62+56 118
70,70,68,65,62,56,143,42,41,38 = = 59
2 2

Interpretation: based on the computed

median of 59, a pupil whose score is 70
falls above the median.
A pupil got a score of 42, however,
lies below the median.

Interpreting Test Scores

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Assessment and Evaluation of Learning.

D. Interpreting Test Scores

Measure Characteristics When to use

Measure Characteristics When to use