An Introduction To Data Entry, Data Analysis, and Graphing Using SPSS
An Introduction To Data Entry, Data Analysis, and Graphing Using SPSS
An Introduction To Data Entry, Data Analysis, and Graphing Using SPSS
An introduction
to data entry, data analysis,
and graphing using SPSS
What is SPSS?
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
The many
4,065,000 to 10,Media outlets
000 which you doreported
by dividing the story
that 584 woman
by 406.5.
with the contraceptive implant had unplanned pregnancies.
Then divide the 584 pregnancies by 406.5 which gives 1.43.
MHRA estimate that 1.355 million implants have been sold.
To get the percentage you divide 1.43 by 100 which gives 0.014%
Each implant lasts 3 years, this gives a total exposure time of
4.06 million women-years at risk.
584 unplanned pregnancies in this exposed population
means there were 1.4 unwanted pregnancies reported for
every 10,000 women with implants per year.
Or, you can say that the failure rate is 0.014% per year.
This is rather good:
– Implants are still the most reliable form of
contraception
The headline:
Back to SPSS
SPSS version 19 interface
Where to
find help
File menu.
Here is where
you load and
save files.
Each row
represents
a different
participant
The SPSS ‘Variable View’
This is where you tell SPSS what kinds of variables you have
Transform menu
Analyse
Data menu
Graph menu
menu Click here to see any
COMPUTE function
DESCRIPTIVES
SPLITBarFILE
Chart function
function
function names you have given to
(and all other functions relating to modifying values and numbers
producinginnew
the Values
(and all other
(and other functions relating
(andfunctions
to relating
selecting/
other to ANALYSIS
ordering
graph-related data of DATA)
based
functions) on criteria)
variables from your data)
The SPSS OUTPUT window
Where the
data file is
saved
Do not close this window
keep the same window
open for the whole Print out of
Click on these to
session what you told
navigate to the output
SPSS to do
from previous analyses
Use: “–” to hide things
&
“+” to show them again Output from
an analysis
Generating simple descriptive statistics
in SPSS
SPSS can generate a multitude of statistics. We will not be
using all of them in this course.
Analyse menu
DESCRIPTIVES
(and all other
functions relating to
ANALYSIS of DATA)
“Descriptives”
function
Options for
Options for
‘median’
‘Standard deviation’
and ‘mode’
and ‘standard error’
(N.B. for computers the * is a multiplication sign and the / is the division sign).
Select
“If condition is satisfied” Then
press the IF button so we can
enter our criterion.
Criterion window. What we need to do here is enter a Boolean
condition (i.e. a mathematical statement which is either True or
False)
What this is telling SPSS is to select only those cases
(participants) which have the Gender value of “0” (and
therefore ignore all those that have the value 1).
The is equal to sign ‘=‘ is a commonly used relation in Select Cases IF statements
Others common signs for this function are:
greater than ‘>’
less than ‘<‘
not equal to ‘<>’ (note Gender <> 1 would have the same effect here as Gender = 0)
P.S. How to remember ‘less than’ &
‘more than’?
Pacman’s evil statistics-loving twin
brother always eats the largest number
P .05 P .05
So the p value is less So the p value is greater
than .05 or p<.05 than .05 or p>.05
You can see that the male
cases are temporarily
crossed out.
A new filter variable
(called filter_$) is inserted
“Filter On”
If you now run any analysis with the filter ON the analysis
will only be performed on the selected cases (others will be
ignored in the calculation).
**Remember to always turn off the filter after you finish with it in your
Q5: Using Select Cases IF and
analyses**
Go back to thethe
Select Cases IF menu
‘Descriptives’ and click on “Select all cases”.
function,
calculate the mean weight for
people who drink less than 15
units of alcohol a week.
You now have been shown the basics of data handling in
SPSS.
Now might be a good time to save a personal copy of the
data file onto your personal folder (H:) or pen-drive.
through
Q7: Some more difficult Q6
questions &that
(note Q7forandthese questions AND, OR,
NOT can be used as wellhave a
in Boolean break
conditions)
g) How many people in our sample are both smokers and drink 15 or more
units of alcohol per week?
h) What is the mode average of units alcohol drank by someone who is over
the age of 45 and is in either in a manual-labour, skilled labour, or
administrative/clerical/sales job?
Q6: Answer the following questions using what you have learned
a) What is the mode average of sleep that participants in our sample have?
......8......
b) What percentage of our sample are Students?
...14..........
c) Do males or of females have a larger standard deviation for BMI?
...Females….
d) What is the median hours of sleep that someone in a manual labour job reports they get?
....8.5.....
e) How many people in our sample are aged 35 or over?
.....24........
f) Who has a higher mean BMI in our sample, Smokers or non-smokers?
.. non-smokers.....
Q7: Some more difficult questions)
a) How many people in our sample are both smokers and drink 15 or more units of alcohol per
week?
..6...
b) What is the mode average of units alcohol drank by someone who is over the age of 45 and
is in either in a manual-labour, skilled labour, or administrative/clerical/sales job?
... up to 14 units per week....
Using the graph functions
SPSS can plot graphs from any of the data in your file.
Graph menu
All graph-
related
functions
Histograms
Are used to look at the distribution of data.
Here is an example for age. This variable is clearly not very normally distributed.
One usually
ordinal or scalar
for the Y axis.
One categorical
(for the x-axis)
Y-axis variable
(what values do you
want the height of the
individual columns to
show)
X-axis variable
(what groups do you
want the columns to
represent)
Open Word.
Paste into
word as a
picture.
Self-study exercises for Seminar 1
That’s all for today. Its worth spending a bit of time on your own using
SPSS to really familiarise yourself with its functions.
Try some exercises from the online book on the psychology resources
page in the Statistics folder :
Secure Resources
SPSS Version 17
A Beginner's Guide to SPSS for Windows: Entering and Analysing Questionnaire data
Using SPSS…
– Open the data file “spssraw.sav”
this can be found at: u:\data\SOCSCI\spssraw.sav
Have a look particularly at section 1. (pg. 1-6)
Have a look at section 6. and section 7 (pg. 22-31)
Have a look at section 10 (pg. 112-123).