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    Colonization of India & Pakistan Movement

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    Ayesha Ather
    The document summarizes the colonization of India by European powers beginning in the 15th century, with the Portuguese first establishing trading posts and controlling Goa. It then discusses the rise of the British East India Company in 1600 and how it came to dominate Indian trade and eventually the administration of India through military victories. After the 1857 rebellion, the British government abolished the East India Company and established direct rule over India, known as the British Raj, which lasted until Indian independence in 1947. The Raj promoted Hindu interests over Muslims, sowing seeds of discontent that later contributed to the Pakistan movement.

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    Colonization of India & Pakistan Movement

    Uploaded by

    Ayesha Ather
    17 views9 pages
    The document summarizes the colonization of India by European powers beginning in the 15th century, with the Portuguese first establishing trading posts and controlling Goa. It then discusses the rise of the British East India Company in 1600 and how it came to dominate Indian trade and eventually the administration of India through military victories. After the 1857 rebellion, the British government abolished the East India Company and established direct rule over India, known as the British Raj, which lasted until Indian independence in 1947. The Raj promoted Hindu interests over Muslims, sowing seeds of discontent that later contributed to the Pakistan movement.

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    Pakistan History notes

    Original Title

    Session 3

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    The document summarizes the colonization of India by European powers beginning in the 15th century, with the Portuguese first establishing trading posts and controlling Goa. It then discusses the rise of the British East India Company in 1600 and how it came to dominate Indian trade and eventually the administration of India through military victories. After the 1857 rebellion, the British government abolished the East India Company and established direct rule over India, known as the British Raj, which lasted until Indian independence in 1947. The Raj promoted Hindu interests over Muslims, sowing seeds of discontent that later contributed to the Pakistan movement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views9 pages

    Colonization of India & Pakistan Movement

    Uploaded by

    Ayesha Ather
    The document summarizes the colonization of India by European powers beginning in the 15th century, with the Portuguese first establishing trading posts and controlling Goa. It then discusses the rise of the British East India Company in 1600 and how it came to dominate Indian trade and eventually the administration of India through military victories. After the 1857 rebellion, the British government abolished the East India Company and established direct rule over India, known as the British Raj, which lasted until Indian independence in 1947. The Raj promoted Hindu interests over Muslims, sowing seeds of discontent that later contributed to the Pakistan movement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    COLONIZATION OF INDIA &

    PAKISTAN MOVEMENT
    COURSE: PAKISTAN’S HISTORY
    SESSION: 3
    DATE: 28 AUGUST, 2019
    IBA , KARACHI
    SA JJAD AHMAD
    British Imperialism and Colonization of India
    - Discovery of the new world by Europeans in 1492
    - Rapid expansion of communication between Americas and Europe
    - Same sea navigation made contact with Asia
    - The first to arrive in the new world were;
    Explorers – seeking discoveries
    Rich people
    Personal glory
    Merchants seeking raw material and trade relations
    Clerics seeking to convert savages to Christianity
    Imperialism and Colonialism
    - Enormous Wealth and relative ease with which it could be acquired led to
    increasing competition among European powers for territories in far-distant
    lands
    - Most of the European powers became empires
    - This process was continued for 400 years
    - By close to 19th century almost the whole of the world was ruled by Europeans
    states.
    - Great Britain was the largest and most successful of the imperial powers, but
    even small states like Portugal and the Netherlands maintained important
    colonies abroad
    Imperialism and Colonialism
    - The first contact of India with the Europeans came when Portuguese traders reached
    India in 1498
    - After 1510, Goa in India was made the capital of Portuguese viceroyalty
    - Portuguese set up trading posts first on the west coast and then in Bengal
    - Spices were main interest, but embroidered textiles made by Bengali craftsmen were
    sold in Portugal
    - Furniture of European styles was made with local material and exported to Portugal
    Before Mughal invasion of 1526, India was divided into several Hindu and Muslim
    kingdoms
    - East India Company – 1600
    East India Company
    - Queen Elizabeth I granted over 200 English merchants the right to trade in East Indies
    - Spanish and Portuguese were dominant on these sailing routes
    - Initially the Company was interested in commercial activities in Southeast Asia
    - Looked towards India – a new market – for cotton and silk
    - The demand of Indian cloth exported to England increased among the British consumers
    - Spices, tea, textiles, porcelain etc.
    - By 18th century the company dominated the global textile trade and had its own troops to
    guard its interests
    - Most of the forces were based at three main stations, Madras, Bombay and Bengal
    East India Company
    - Battle of Plassey in 1757
    - British control of Bengal
    - Discord against British started in India
    - Late 18th and early 19th centuries – rebellions, insurgencies against British
    - By 1833, control of India passed from the EIC to Whitehall though a powerless Mughal emperor
    continued to sit on Delhi’s throne
    - Indian troops within Company’s army revolted in 1857
    - Killed many British soldiers
    - In retaliation, Company killed thousands of Indian rebels and civilians without discrimination
    - The bloody uprising brought the EIC to an end
    British Raj
    - Though EIC had governed many for the benefit of few – its shareholders – the new govt of
    India, the Raj, was responsible to London
    - British govt abolished EIC in 1858
    - All administrative and taxation powers, Company’s possessions, assets and armed forces were
    taken over by the British Crown
    - This was the start of British Raj and the direct British colonial rule over India
    - Strategically, the British saw India as the jewel in the crown of the empire, however, by 1930s
    the jewel had become less of an asset
    - The British tried to divide the two communities in order to rule them
    - Many scholars also see the dislocation of the Muslim community after 1857 as a source of
    Muslim discontent
    British Raj
    - British favoured Hindus in education, administration and other spheres
    - British promoted democratic institutions which gave Muslims a permanent minority status in
    greater India
    - The early Muslim leadership did not favour democratic elections where 51 per cent forms the
    government
    - Muslims were also frustrated and fearful because Hindus were adapted more swiftly to the
    Raj’s new political and social order
    - In late 19th century British began to examine more carefully the population they were then
    ruling
    - Objective of British Raj was to train Indians

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