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    Simplified Models For Complex Heat Transfer Due To Micro-Molecular Movements!!!

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    Muket Agmas
    The document discusses one-dimensional heat transfer models for manufacturing processes. It presents the heat equation for one-dimensional, steady-state conduction and examines solutions for cylindrical and spherical geometries. It also discusses transient heat conduction, defining the thermal time constant and Biot number. Applications discussed include metal cutting, welding, molding, sintering, and quenching processes.

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    Simplified Models For Complex Heat Transfer Due To Micro-Molecular Movements!!!

    Uploaded by

    Muket Agmas
    31 views27 pages
    The document discusses one-dimensional heat transfer models for manufacturing processes. It presents the heat equation for one-dimensional, steady-state conduction and examines solutions for cylindrical and spherical geometries. It also discusses transient heat conduction, defining the thermal time constant and Biot number. Applications discussed include metal cutting, welding, molding, sintering, and quenching processes.

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    The document discusses one-dimensional heat transfer models for manufacturing processes. It presents the heat equation for one-dimensional, steady-state conduction and examines solutions for cylindrical and spherical geometries. It also discusses transient heat conduction, defining the thermal time constant and Biot number. Applications discussed include metal cutting, welding, molding, sintering, and quenching processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    31 views27 pages

    Simplified Models For Complex Heat Transfer Due To Micro-Molecular Movements!!!

    Uploaded by

    Muket Agmas
    The document discusses one-dimensional heat transfer models for manufacturing processes. It presents the heat equation for one-dimensional, steady-state conduction and examines solutions for cylindrical and spherical geometries. It also discusses transient heat conduction, defining the thermal time constant and Biot number. Applications discussed include metal cutting, welding, molding, sintering, and quenching processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    One Dimensional Models for Conduction Heat Transfer

    in Manufacturing Processes

    P M V Subbarao
    Professor
    Mechanical Engineering Department
    I I T Delhi

    Simplified Models for Complex Heat Transfer due


    to micro-molecular Movements!!!
    Steady-State One-Dimensional Conduction
    • For conduction through a large wall
    the heat equation reduces to one
    dimensional Equation in Cartesian
    system .
    • Assume a homogeneous medium
    with invariant thermal conductivity (
    k = constant) :

    T T 2
    C p  k 2  g ( x, t )
    t x
    One dimensional Transient conduction with heat generation.

    T  C1 x  C2
    Heat Transfer in Metal Cutting

     d 2T d 2T d 2T 
    k  2  2  2   0
     dx dy dz 
    Axi-symmetric Conduction Models for Manufacturing
    Processes

    T    T  1   T    T 
    C p    kr  2 k   k   g ( r ,  , z , t )
    t  r  r  r     z  z 

    No changes in T along  and z directions:

    T    T 
    C p    kr   g (r )
    t  r  r 
    Steady state with no heat generation :
       T     T 
    k r   0 k   kA   0
     r  r   r  r 
    Axi-Symmetric Steady Conduction in Radial Systems

     dT 
    d kA 
     dr   0
    dr
    Homogeneous and constant property material
     dT 
    d A
     dr   0
    dr
    At any radial location the surface are for heat conduction in a solid
    cylinder is:

    Acylinder  2rl

    At any radial location the surface are for heat conduction in a solid
    sphere is:

    Asphere  4r 2
    The GDE for cylinder:  dT 
    d r
     dr   0
    dr

     dT 
    d r 2
     dr   0
    The GDE for sphere:
    dr
    General Solution for Cylinder:

    T r   C1 ln r   C2
     dT 
    d r
     dr   0 
    dr

    General Solution for Sphere:

    T r   C2 
    C1
    r
    Boundary Conditions

    T r   C1 ln r   C2 T r   C2 
    C1
    r
    • No solution exists when r = 0.
    • Totally solid cylinder or Sphere have no physical
    relevance!
    • Inner wall at finite radius is essential for steady state
    conduction with no heat generation.
    UNSTEADY-STATE HEAT CONDUCTION

    Applications where rate/duration of heating/cooling


    is a Design Parameter……
    Welding Process : How to decide the Rate of
    Welding?
    Injection Molding Process

    They need you to help them to the time required for a part in a mold
    to cool to an acceptable temperature for removal.
    Resin Transfer Molding Process

    (1) Insert fiber preform


    (2) Close mold
    (3) Inject mixed
    resin/catalyst
    (4) Part solidifies via
    reaction
    (5) Open mold
    (6) Remove part
    The cycle time for step (4) is approximately the same 25 minutes
    for parts of all sizes made by AeroForm.
    All other molding operations (1), (2), (3), (5) and (6) take a total
    of 5 minutes.
    Selective LASER Sintering
    General Conduction Equation
    • The general form of these equations in multi-dimensions for
    homogeneous material is:
    T g ( x, t )
      T 
    2

    t C p
    For Cartesian Geometry:

    T   T  T  T  g ( x, y, z : t )
    2 2 2
     2  2  2  
    t  x y z  C p
    Cooling/Quenching of Hot Processed Products
    Transient-conduction
    • If we have a ball with initial temperature
    of T0 and it is left in fluid at Te.
    • Heat is transferred by convection at the
    surface.
    • As the surface temperature decreases,
    heat is transferred from the center of the
    ball to the surface, then to the fluid.

    •Temperature will vary with location within


    a system and with time.
    •Temperature and rate heat transfer variation
    of a system are dependent on its internal
    resistance and surface resistance.
    First Law Analysis of Cooling /Quenching of Hot
    Object s
    Rate of Change in energy of hot object= Rate of Heat transfer

    Rate of Heat Transfer = Rate of Convection by fluid =


    Rate of Conduction transfer in the metal ball

    dU
    Rate of change in enegy :
    dt
    d  cTdV
    dU
     V
    dt dt
     
    R
    d  c 4r 2 T (r , t )dr
    For spherical objects dU
     0
    dt dt
    T0 T

    Rcond Rconv

    Total thermal resistance of the system: Rtot


    T0 T

    At any instant:

     
    R
    d  c 4r 2 T (r , t )dr
    dT r , t 
    0
     kAcond  hAconv T ( R, t )  Te 
    dt dr r  R
    •A Biot number is defined as:

    Covection heat removal from Surface of Object


    Bi 
    Heat Lost by Object by Conduction within

    hAconv T ( R, t )  T 
    Bi 
    dT r , t 
    kAcond
    dr r  R

    hAconv T0  T  hAconv hLcharacteristic


    Bi   
    T0  T  kAcond k solid
    kAcond  
     R  Lcharacteristic
    Relationship between the Biot number and the temperature
    profile.
    System with negligible internal resistance

    For this case Bi  1.0.and the temperature profile within the body is
    quite uniform.
    The rate of change in internal energy of the
    body is equal to the rate of heat taken away
    from the surface by convection:

    d  cT (t )dV


    V
     hAconv T (t )  T 
    dt

    d cVT 
     hAconv T (t )  T 
    dt
     hAconv T (t )  T 
    dT
    cV
    dt

    Rearranging:

    dT hAconv
     dt
    T (t )  T  cV

    Integrating to any time interval:

    T 
    dT hAconv
    T T (t )  T    cV 0 dt
    0
     T  T  hA
    ln   
    T0  T  cV

    hA
    T  T 
    cV

    e
    T0  T
    cV
    Define, Thermal Time Constant c 
    hA

    T  T 
    c
    e
    T0  T
    T  T
    T 
    *

    T0  T

    t thA
    t  
    *

     c cV
    1 
    Thermal Time Constant  c   CV 
     hA 
     c  RthCth
    The total energy transferred during time t
    t
    Q   hAT  T dt
    t
    Q   Q convdt
    0 0


    t 
    t

    Q  hA   T0  T e  c dt
    0
     

    t 
    t

    Q  hAT0  T  e c
    dt
    0
    Hot Rolling of Steel Sheets

     1
    hLcharacteristic
    Bi 
    k solid

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