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    Greek Architecture: (Types of Buildings)

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    Sneaky Kim
    ancient greek architecture is widely revered for its formal elements that have come to be called "classical"

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    Greek Architecture: (Types of Buildings)

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    Sneaky Kim
    67 views73 pages
    ancient greek architecture is widely revered for its formal elements that have come to be called "classical"

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    4d-GREEK

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    ancient greek architecture is widely revered for its formal elements that have come to be called "classical"

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    67 views73 pages

    Greek Architecture: (Types of Buildings)

    Uploaded by

    Sneaky Kim
    ancient greek architecture is widely revered for its formal elements that have come to be called "classical"

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    PART 4:

    GREEK
    ARCHITECTURE
    (TYPES OF BUILDINGS)

    History of Architecture 1
    GREEK ARCHITECTURE
     Ancient Greek architecture is widely revered for its formal
    elements that have come to be called “classical.”
     These include a canon of proportion based on the human
    body, symmetry and harmony in terms of the relationship
    between all parts and the whole, and a standardized
    design created for a variety of building types.
     Greek buildings, made of stone, were highly sculptural,
    free-standing monuments of enduring appeal.
    GREEK ARCHITECTURE
     Greek architecture is a very
    specific and influential type
    of design, which was based
    off of the post-and-lintel
    system.
     A structural system with a
    raking, or slanted roof, which
    provided for the use of
    triangular pediments on
    either short end of the
    rectangular structure.
    Greek Architecture

    TYPES OF BUILDINGS
    TYPES OF BUILDINGS

     Temples: Temples are the most common type


    of public buildings in ancient Greece. The
    purpose of a temple was to store a religious
    statue.
     Greek temples are described according to the
    number of columns on the entrance front, the
    type of colonnade, and the type of portico.
    GREEK TEMPLE SITES
    TYPES OF BUILDINGS

     Temples were actually framed in the landscape


    by a temenos, or sacred precinct, which could
    consist of something as simple as a row of
    stones but could also be a built-up wall. The
    temenos was the territory of the deity and had
    to be approached in a prescribed manner and
    entered only at a special place defined by a
    propylon (i.e., pro-pylon, or “before the gate”).
    ACROPOLIS PLAN
    The PROPYLAEA
    at the Acropolis
    The PROPYLAEA (437–432 BCE) is approached
    by a massive ramp 20 meters wide and 80 meters
    long. The central parts are ceremonial and
    symmetrical; the outlying spaces serve various
    functions. To the left was a banquet hall, or
    PINACOTHECA, that reached to the very edge of
    the Acropolis wall.
    The area to the south led to the Temple of Athena
    Nike (ca. 427 BCE), which was the first construction
    on the Acropolis following the devastation by the
    Persians. It was also the first temple on the Acropolis
    to be built in the Ionic style and the first temple built
    entirely of Pentelic marble. In this area there was also
    a statue to Hermes, a god traditionally associated
    with boundaries.
    TEMPLE OF ATHENA
    NIKE
    Acropolis, Athens, Greece
    PARTHENON, Athens
    ACROTERION - the figures or ornaments at the
    lower angles or apex of a pediment. Carvings that
    were placed where the roof and the cornice meet and
    at the top of the pediment. They were often statues
    or faces of mythological creatures.

    Detail of the pediment of the Parthenon


    Statue of ATHENA
    in the PARTHENON,
    Athens
    PARTHENON, Athens
    Ictinus, Callicrates and Carpion
    (architects of the Parthenon)
    Pheidias
    (sculptor of the Parthenon)
    ENTASIS is a countermeasure that corrects for an optical distortion: numerous parallel
    vertical lines appear slightly concave.

    Diagram of the curved stylobate and inclined vertical axes of the


    perimeter columns of the Parthenon
    ERECTHEUM from the south, as it stands today
    ERECTHEUM Plan
    ERECTHEUM
    CARYATID porch, Erectheum, Acropolis
    THE TEMPLE OF APOLLO
    was made in the 5th century BC but not finished until the 4th century
    The Temple of Apollo at Corinth,
    one of the earliest stone-built Doric
    temples. Note the monolithic
    columns.
    THE TEMPLE OF ZEUS
    THE TEMPLE OF ZEUS
    THE TEMPLE OF ZEUS was most recognized as the perfect Doric example.
    TEMPLE OF CONCORD in Agrigento
    TEMPLE OF HERA in Segesta
    TYPES OF BUILDINGS

     Tholos: a circular temple of Ancient Greece.


     The Tholos at Athens, a building which housed the
    Prytaneion, or seat of government, in ancient
    Athens
     The Tholos at Delphi, a circular building located
    approximately 800 metres from the main site of the
    ruined Temple of Apollo
     The Tholos at Epidaurus, a circular building with an
    ornate astronomical floor design
    TYPES OF BUILDINGS

     Theatres: The theatres were large, open-air


    structures constructed on the slopes of hills.
     They consisted of three main elements: the
    orchestra, the skene, and the theatron.
    The 4th century stone version of the THEATRE OF DIONYSUS ELEUTHEREUS, on the slopes of
    the acropolis of Athens. The theatre was orginally constructed in the 6th century BCE.
    THEATRE OF DELPHI
    The capacity of the theatre was around 5,000 spectators.
    THEATRE PARODOI, Epidaurus
    TYPES OF BUILDINGS

     Agora: a market place or town square. An open


    meeting-places for the transaction of public
    business, were large open spaces surrounded
    by stoa or open colonnades, giving access to
    the public buildings, such, as temples,
    basilicas, stadion (racecourse), and the
    palaestrae or gymnasia.
    STOA
    STOA OF ATTALOS
    STOA OF ATTALOS
    TYPES OF BUILDINGS

     Bouleuterion: as council house, assembly


    house, and senate house, was a building
    in ancient Greece which housed the council of
    citizens (boulē) of a democratic city
    state. Remnants of bouleuterion survive at
    Athens, Olympia and Miletus, the latter having
    held up to 1200 people.
    BOULEUTERION at Miletus
    TYPES OF BUILDINGS

     Prytaneion: was the seat of


    government in ancient Greece. The Prytaneion
    normally stood in centre of the city, in
    the agora. The building contained the holy fire
    of Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, and
    symbol of the life of the city.
    PRYTANEION
    TYPES OF BUILDINGS

     Stadion/Stadium: a foot racecourse found in


    cities where games were celebrated, and it
    came eventually to be used for other athletic
    performances.
     Hippodrome: a similar type of building used for
    horse racing.
     Palaestra - a wrestling school

     Gymnasium – for all types of physical exercises


    The STADION AT ATHENS, now completely restored, was commenced in B.C. 331, and
    finished by Herodes Atticus, and accommodates between 40,000 and 50,000 people.
    HIPPODROME
    a racecourse used for horse racing.
    TYPES OF BUILDINGS

     Palaestra or Gymnasia: as at Olympia and


    Ephesus, were the prototypes of the Roman
    thermae, and comprised exercise courts, tanks
    for bathers, exedrae or recesses for lectures,
    with seats for spectators.
    PALAESTRA, Olympia, Greece
    TOWN PLANNING

     During the late 5th and 4th centuries BC, town


    planning became an important consideration of
    Greek builders, with towns such as Paestum
    and Priene being laid out with a regular grid of
    paved streets.
    PAESTUM

    Towns such as Paestum and Priene being


    laid out with a regular grid of paved
    streets.
    PRIENE
    GREEK ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

     PLANS
    These were simple, well judged, nicely
    balanced, and symmetrical, exceptions to the
    latter being the Erechtheion and the Propylaea
    at Athens, and probably the private houses.
    GREEK ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

     OPENINGS
    Door and window openings were spanned with
    a lintel, which in a stone building limited the
    possible width of the opening. Temples were
    constructed without windows, the light to the
    naos entering through the door. It has been
    suggested that some temples were lit from
    openings in the roof.
    GREEK ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

     ROOFS
    The widest span of a temple roof was across
    the cella, or internal space. In a large building,
    this space contains columns to support the
    roof, the architectural form being known as
    hypostyle.
    GREEK ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

     COLUMN AND LINTEL


    The architecture of Ancient Greece is of a
    trabeated or "post and lintel" form, i.e. it is
    composed of upright beams (posts) supporting
    horizontal beams (lintels).
    GREEK ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
     COLUMNS
    The Doric is the oldest and plainest of the orders,
    The Ionic was more ornate. The Corinthian was little
    used by the Greeks. Caryatids and Canephora or
    carved female figures which were sometimes used
    in the place of columns.

    caryatid - sculpted female figure serving


    as an archl. Support, supporting an
    entablature on her head. Greek term
    ‘karyatides” means “Maiden of Karyai”

    Canephora - a column or pillar supporting a basket on her head


    GREEK ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

     MOULDINGS
    (a.) The cyma-recta (Hogarth's "line of beauty"). When
    enriched it is carved with the honeysuckle ornament.
    (b.) The cyma reversa. When enriched it is carved with
    the water-lily and tongue.
    (c.) The ovolo (egg-like). When enriched it is carved with
    the egg and dart, or egg and tongue ornament.
    (d.) The fillet, a small plain face to separate other
    mouldings. This is usually without enrichment.
    GREEK ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

     MOULDINGS
    (e.) The beid serves much the same purpose as the
    fillet, and approaches a circle in section. When
    enriched it is carved with the bead and reel or with
    beads, which in fact gave the name to the moulding.
    (f.) The cavetto is a simple hollow.
    (g.)The scotia is the deep hollow occurring in bases,
    and is generally not enriched.
    GREEK ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

     MOULDINGS
    (h.)The torus is really a magnified bead moulding. When
    enriched it is carved with the guilloche or " plat "
    ornament, or with bundles of leaves tied with bands .
    (i.)The bird's-beak moulding occurs frequently,
    especially in the Doric order, and giving a deep shadow
    is very suitable for the English climate.
    (j.) The corona, the deep vertical face of the upper
    portion of the cornice. It was frequently painted with a
    Greek "fret" ornament.
    GREEK ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

     ORNAMENTS
    The acanthus leaf and scroll play an important part in
    Greek ornamentation.
    COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE
    • Group Project
    • In 20x30 Bristol Paper
    • COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GREEK AND
    ROMAN ARCHITECTURE (Sample Drawing with
    Description)
    • To be submitted on August 31, 2017.

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