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    Scope Biochemistry 2015

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    prima octafia
    Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur within living organisms. It involves understanding the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, and looking at how they participate in metabolic pathways and cellular processes. Biochemistry is essential to fields like medicine, nutrition, genetics, and more, as biochemical abnormalities can cause or relate to many diseases. Advances in biochemistry also come from studying genetic disorders and applying findings from the human genome project. Overall, biochemistry seeks to understand life at the molecular level by examining the basic chemical reactions that sustain all living things.

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    Scope Biochemistry 2015

    Uploaded by

    prima octafia
    31 views31 pages
    Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur within living organisms. It involves understanding the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, and looking at how they participate in metabolic pathways and cellular processes. Biochemistry is essential to fields like medicine, nutrition, genetics, and more, as biochemical abnormalities can cause or relate to many diseases. Advances in biochemistry also come from studying genetic disorders and applying findings from the human genome project. Overall, biochemistry seeks to understand life at the molecular level by examining the basic chemical reactions that sustain all living things.

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    BIOKIMIA

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    Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur within living organisms. It involves understanding the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, and looking at how they participate in metabolic pathways and cellular processes. Biochemistry is essential to fields like medicine, nutrition, genetics, and more, as biochemical abnormalities can cause or relate to many diseases. Advances in biochemistry also come from studying genetic disorders and applying findings from the human genome project. Overall, biochemistry seeks to understand life at the molecular level by examining the basic chemical reactions that sustain all living things.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views31 pages

    Scope Biochemistry 2015

    Uploaded by

    prima octafia
    Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur within living organisms. It involves understanding the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, and looking at how they participate in metabolic pathways and cellular processes. Biochemistry is essential to fields like medicine, nutrition, genetics, and more, as biochemical abnormalities can cause or relate to many diseases. Advances in biochemistry also come from studying genetic disorders and applying findings from the human genome project. Overall, biochemistry seeks to understand life at the molecular level by examining the basic chemical reactions that sustain all living things.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    Ruang Lingkup Biokimia

    Biochemistry
    • Biochemistry :
    – the science of the chemical basis of life (Gk bios
    "life").
    – the science of the chemical constituents of living
    cells and of the reactions and processes they
    undergo (cell biology, molecular biology, and
    molecular genetics) : chemical processes
    associated with living cells.
    • biochemist : isolasi berbagai molekul pa sel,
    struktur ?, fungsi ? dll
    Biochemistry

    • Biochemistry : hybrid science Biology - Chemistry


    • Biology : living organisms and – chemistry: atoms
    and molecules
    • biochemistry : the science of the atoms and
    molecules in living organisms (all the living world)
    interest in the chemical structures and reactions
    that occur in living systems.
    • Where can you find biochemistry? All through
    science, medicine, and agriculture.
    Biochemistry & Medicine

    • Dokter / para medis : mempelajari, mengerti


    dan mempertahankan tubuh sehat dan
    mengobati ……..
    • Hubungan timbal balik Biokimia - medicine
    – Biochemical studies have illuminate many aspects
    of health and disease, and conversely, the study of
    various aspects of health and disease has opened
    up new areas of biochemistry
    Biochemical Research
    • Alkaptonuria, albinism, cystinuria, and pentosuria
    inborn errors of metabolism dan familial
    • hypercholesterolemia, which results in severe
    atherosclerosis at an early age, have led to
    dramatic progress in understanding of cell
    receptors and of mechanisms of uptake of
    cholesterol into cells.
    • oncogenes in cancer cells have directed attention
    to the molecular mechanisms involved in the
    control of normal cell growth.
    Biochemistry and Medicine
    NORMAL BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES ARE THE BASIS OF HEALTH

    • The World Health Organization (WHO) : health


    as a state of "complete physical, mental and
    social “
    • biochemical viewpoint: situation in which all
    of the many thousands of intra- and
    extracellular reactions that occur in the body
    are proceeding at rates commensurate with
    the organism's maximal survival in the
    physiologic state.
    Biochemical Research Has Impact on Nutrition &
    Preventive in Medicine

    • Makro dan mikromolekul : vitamin, amino


    acid, fatty acid, mineral dan water.
    • biochemistry and nutrition: usaha preventiv
    terhdap penyakit. Mencegah atherosclerosis
    dan cancer : gizi ?
    Most & Perhaps All Diseases Have a Biochemical Basis

    • Most if not all diseases : manifestations of


    abnormalities of molecules, chemical
    reactions, or biochemical processes.
    • Biochemical studies: diagnosis and treatment
    • Biochemical investigations and of laboratory
    tests in relation to diseases
    Impact of the Human Genome Project (HGP) on
    Biochemistry, Biology, & Medicine

    • HGP: biochemistry, biology, medicine dan ilmu


    kesehatan yang berkaitan.
    • Isolasi berbagai gen: struktur dan fungsi ?
    • Penyakit: degenerativ, bawaan dll
    Biochemistry Is Essential to All Life Sciences

    • Nucleic acids : heart of genetics


    • Immunology : biochemical techniques
    • Pharmacology and pharmacy : biochemistry and
    physiology; in particular, most drugs are
    metabolized by enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
    Poisons : biochemical reactions or processes …
    toxicology.
    • Pathology (the study of disease), such as
    inflammation, cell injury, and cancer.
    • Microbiology, zoology, and botany employ
    biochemical approaches almost exclusively
    CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

    • Elements: simplest form of a


    substance - cannot be broken
    down any further without
    changing what it is
    • Atom: the actual basic unit -
    composed of protons, neutrons,
    and electrons
    Elements of Life

    Most abundant, essential for all organisms: C, N, O, P, S, H


    Less abundant, essential for all organisms : Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cl
    Trace levels, essential for all organism: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn
    Trace levels, essential for some organisms: V, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ga, Sn, Si, As, Se, I,
    ATOM
    • Mirip cel unit dasar kehidupan ATOM
    unit dasar unsur
    • very small, If placed side by side one
    million would stretch a distance of 1cm.
    • The atom is made up of 3 particles.

    Particle Charge
    PROTON +

    NEUTRON NEUTRAL
    ELECTRON -
    ATOM

    NEUTRONS
    PROTONS
    - ATOMIC # = 2
    + +
    (PROTONS)
    ELECTRONS -
    ATOMIC MASS = 4
    (PROTONS &
    NEUTRONS)
    SENYAWA
    • Gabungan senyawasecara 2 atau lebih
    elements dalam oroporsi yang tepat
    – Ex: water, salt, glucose, carbon dioxide
    Biolog. Nanostructures

    Biochemistry
    19
    • The cell is a COMPLEX CHEMICAL
    FACTORY containing some of the same
    elements found in the nonliving
    environment.
    • carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O),
    and nitrogen (N) are present in the
    greatest percentages
    CHEMICAL BONDS

    • Ikatan kimia: menghubungkan atom2


    sehingga terbentuk molecule
    • IONIC
    • COVALENT
    TWO TYPES OF COMPOUNDS

    • Organic - Contain C, H, and O


    – Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic
    Acids

    • Inorganic - usually "support" life C,


    H, and O
    – Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
    IONIC BONDS
    • 1 /> electrons are TRANSFERRED from
    one atom to another.
    • When an atom loses an electron it is a
    POSITIVE charge.
    • When an atom gains an electron it is a
    NEGATIVE charge
    • These newly charged atoms are now
    called IONS
    – Example: NaCl (SALT)
    COVALENT BONDS
    • Occur when electrons are SHARED by
    atoms.
    • These new structures that result from
    covalent bonds are called MOLECULES
    In general, the more chemical bonds a
    molecule has the more energy it contains
    Organic Compounds
    • KARBOHIDRAT
    • LIPID
    • PROTEIN
    • NUKLEOTIDA
    Seny.Organik, Ikatan dan Gugus Fungsional
    Many Important Biomolecules are Polymers

    lipids proteins carbo nucleic acids


    monomer fatty acid amino acid glucose nucleotide

    polymer phospholipid protein subunit cellulose DNA

    supramolecular
    membrane protein complex cell wall chromosome
    structure

    Pencernaan, Absorbsi, Metabolisme


    Enzim

    Hormon
    Organization of Life
    • elements
    • simple organic compounds (monomers)
    • macromolecules (polymers)
    • supramolecular structures
    • organelles
    • cells
    • tissues
    • organism
    pH SCALE
    • measures degree of
    substance alkalinity or
    acidity

    • Ranges from 0 to 14

    • 0 – 5 strong acid
    • 6-7 neutral
    • 8-14 strong base
    • The goal of the body is to maintain
    HOMEOSTASIS (neutrality) – to do this
    when pH is concerned, we add weak acids
    & bases to prevent sharp changes in pH.

    • These are called BUFFERS

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