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    Minerals

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    Bobby Arguilles Pabores
    Rocks are solid masses composed of combinations of minerals, while minerals are naturally occurring inorganic compounds with unique chemical structures and physical properties. For example, quartz and feldspar are minerals that together form the rock granite. Minerals are identified based on their physical properties, including luster, transparency, color, streak, cleavage, tenacity, hardness, and other characteristics like magnetism and reaction to acid. Proper identification requires examining multiple properties.

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    Minerals

    Uploaded by

    Bobby Arguilles Pabores
    10 views80 pages
    Rocks are solid masses composed of combinations of minerals, while minerals are naturally occurring inorganic compounds with unique chemical structures and physical properties. For example, quartz and feldspar are minerals that together form the rock granite. Minerals are identified based on their physical properties, including luster, transparency, color, streak, cleavage, tenacity, hardness, and other characteristics like magnetism and reaction to acid. Proper identification requires examining multiple properties.

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    MINERALS AND ROCKS/ EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE laguna university bubukal santa cruz laguna

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    Rocks are solid masses composed of combinations of minerals, while minerals are naturally occurring inorganic compounds with unique chemical structures and physical properties. For example, quartz and feldspar are minerals that together form the rock granite. Minerals are identified based on their physical properties, including luster, transparency, color, streak, cleavage, tenacity, hardness, and other characteristics like magnetism and reaction to acid. Proper identification requires examining multiple properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views80 pages

    Minerals

    Uploaded by

    Bobby Arguilles Pabores
    Rocks are solid masses composed of combinations of minerals, while minerals are naturally occurring inorganic compounds with unique chemical structures and physical properties. For example, quartz and feldspar are minerals that together form the rock granite. Minerals are identified based on their physical properties, including luster, transparency, color, streak, cleavage, tenacity, hardness, and other characteristics like magnetism and reaction to acid. Proper identification requires examining multiple properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Rocks and Minerals

    A mineral is a naturally
    occurring inorganic
    compound with a unique
    chemical structure and
    physical properties.
    A rock is a solid, stony
    mass composed of a
    combination of minerals or
    other organic compounds.
    For example, quartz and
    feldspars are minerals, but
    when formed together,
    they make a rock, granite”
    To determine if an Earth
    rock is a mineral, it should
    exhibit the following
    characteristics
    Naturally occurring
    Inorganic
    Can be represented by a
    chemical formula
    Crystalline structure
    Solid
    Most minerals form by
    inorganic processes but
    some, identical in all
    respects to inorganically
    formed minerals, are
    produced by organic
    Physical Properties
    of Minerals
    Luster describes the
    appearance of a mineral
    when light is reflected from
    its surface.
    Metallic, having the look of
    a polished metal
    Submetallic, having the
    look of a metal that is dulled
    by weathering or corrosion
    Non-metallic, not looking
    like a metal at all.
    Transparency describes
    how well light passes
    through a mineral sample
    There are three degrees
    of transparency:
    transparent, translucent,
    and opaque.
    Color is one of the most
    obvious properties of a
    mineral but it is often of
    limited diagnostic value,
    especially in minerals that
    are not opaque.
    Quartz, for example, can
    vary from colorless to
    white to yellow to gray to
    pink to purple to black.
    Never use color as a final
    diagnostic property --
    check other properties
    before making an
    identification.
    Streak refers to the color of
    the mineral in its powdered
    form, which may or may not
    be the same color as the
    mineral.
    Streak is obtained by
    scratching the mineral on
    an unpolished piece of
    white porcelain called a
    streak plate
    Streak is commonly more
    reliable than color for
    identification.
    The streak of this dark gray
    mineral (hematite), obtained
    by rubbing it on the white
    streak plate is reddish
    brown.
    A mineral that exhibits
    cleavage consistently
    breaks, or cleaves, along
    parallel flat surfaces called
    cleavage planes.
    A mineral fractures if it
    breaks along random,
    irregular surfaces. Some
    minerals break only by
    fracturing, while others both
    cleave and fracture.
    Habit of a mineral may be
    define as the size and
    shape of the crystal, and
    the structure of form
    shown by the crystal.
    1. Accicular minerals
    showing needle like
    crystal. E.g. natrolite
    2. Fibrous minerals
    showing an aggregate of
    long thin fibers. E.g.
    Asbestos
    3. Tabular minerals
    showing bladed habit
    occur as small knife
    blades. E.g. Kyanite
    4. Granular minerals
    which occur as aggregate
    of equidimensional grains.
    E.g. chromites
    5. Pisolitic minerals which
    occur as aggregate of
    rounded grains of a pea
    size. E.g. oolite
    6. Columnar minerals
    showing columnar crystal.
    E.g. tourmaline
    Minerals strength
    determines how easy the
    mineral breaks or deforms
    when exposed to stress.
    Hardness is the resistance
    of a mineral to scratching or
    abrasion by other materials.
    Hardness is determined by
    scratching the surface of
    the sample with another
    mineral or material of
    known hardness.
    The standard hardness
    scale, called Mohs
    Hardness Scale consists of
    ten minerals ranked in
    ascending order and 10 is
    considered as the hardest.
    The property of tenacity
    describes the behavior of
    a mineral under
    deformation.
    It describes the physical
    reaction of a mineral to
    externally applied stresses
    such as crushing, cutting,
    bending, and striking
    forces.
    Adjectives used to
    characterize various types of
    mineral tenacity include
    'brittle,' ‘sectile,' 'flexible,'
    'elastic,' 'malleable,' and
    'ductile,’
    Brittle breaks or powders
    easily.
    Malleable can be hammered
    into thin sheets.
    Sectile can be cut into thin
    shavings with a knife.
    Sectile
    orpiment
    Ductile bends easily and
    does not return to its original
    shape.
    Flexible bends somewhat
    and does not return to its
    original shape.
    Ductile
    copper
    Flexible
    gypsum
    Elastic bends but does
    return to its original shape.
    Elastic
    mica
    Additional Properties
    To test a mineral for
    magnetism, just put the
    magnet and mineral together
    and see if they are attracted.
    Reaction with Acid.
    Some minerals, especially
    carbonate minerals, react
    visibly with acid. (Usually, a
    dilute hydrochloric acid [HCl]
    is used.)
    Taste, Odor, Feel
    Some minerals have a
    distinctive taste, some a
    distinctive odor, and some a
    distinctive feel

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