Disaster Risk Reduction Management

Prepared By:
Fabillar, Carlo
Flores, Jainne N.
OVERVIEW
As an archipelago located at the south-eastern part of Asia, the
Philippines is exposed to both climatic and geological hazards. It is
situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire where two major tectonic plates, the
Pacific Plate and the Eurasian Plate meet. With several fault lines crossing
the country, earthquakes could have very devastating effects. There are
220 volcanoes, 22 of which are classified as active (NDCC 2008).
The Philippines is also located along the typhoon belt on the North Pacific
Basin in The Pacific where 75 percent of the typhoon originate. There are
20 to 30 typhoons passing through the century. 5-7 of which can be
destructive (NDCC 2008). As a consequence of extreme rainfall events,
flash floods, flooding and landslides have become more prevalent since
2000.
The impacts of climate change in the Philippines are becoming better
understood (Cruz et al, 2007). There has been an increase in the annual
mean rainfall since the 1980s and in the number of rainy days since the
1990s (Cruz et al, 10.2.2). On average, 20 cyclones cross the Philippine
Are of Responsibility (PAR) with about 8-9 making landfall each year.
OVERVIEW
The natural risk associated with these trends are
aggravated by human activities, particularly in the
exploitation of resources such as forests and minerals
and development interventions that do not incorporate
responsible risk assessments.
According to the Interventional Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies, the Philippines was the fourth most
accident prone country in the world in 2015.
Accordingly, 31,835 Filipinos were killed and 94,369,462
others were affected by natural disasters and calamities
in a span of 20 years.
Overview of the Philippine Disaster
Management System
 PD 1566 has been the basic law that guides the disaster management
programs, projects and strategies implementation in the country.
 Recently, OCD-NDCC initiated the shift on disaster management
approaches and strategies from reactive to proactive (from disaster response
and preparedness to disaster risk reduction/management – a paradigm
shift from the prevalent ‘culture of reaction’ to a ‘culture of prevention.’
 President Arroyo signed on May 27 Republic Act 10121, also known as the
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.
 This Act provides for the development of policies and plans and the
implementation of actions and measures pertaining to all aspects of
disaster risk reduction, management and recovery, including good
governance, risk assessment and early warning, knowledge building and
awareness raising, reducing underlying risk factors, and preparedness for
effective response and early recovery.
 A National Disaster Risk Reduction, Management and Recovery
Framework and Plan was developed, formulated, and implemented. The
Framework provides for comprehensive, all-hazards, multi-sectoral,
inter-agency and community-based approach to disaster risk
reduction, management and recovery efforts in the country in
conformity with the National Disaster Risk Reduction, Management
and Recovery Framework (NDRRMRF)
I. Republic Act No. 10121, known as the
“Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management (PDRRM) Act of 2010”.
“An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction

Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefore
and For Other Purposes”
Section 2: Declaration of Policy
1. Upholding people’s rights to life and property and adherence to
internationally accepted principles, norms and standards for capacity building
in DRRM and humanitarian assistance;
2. Adoption of a holistic, comprehensive integrated, proactive and multi-sector
approach in addressing the impacts of disasters, including climate change.
3. Development, promotion and implementation of a comprehensive National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP).
4. Mainstreaming DRR and Climate Change in national and local development
plans and development processes (e.g policy formulation, socio-economic
development planning, budgeting and governance).
5. Mainstreaming DRR into the peace process and conflict resolution;
6. Ensuring DRR and CC- Gender responsive measures, sensitive to
indigenous knowledge and respect of human rights;
7. Strengthening capacity building of Local Government Units on DRR (e.g.
decentralized powers, responsibilities, resources) and vulnerable and
marginalized groups;
8. Engaging the participation of Civic Society Organizations or CSO,
private sectors and volunteers in DRR.
9. Promotion of breastfeeding before and during a disaster of emergency;
and
10. Ensuring maximum care, assistance and services to affected
individuals and families.
Salient Features of PDRRM Act of 2010
1. Policy statements and terminologies on DRRM (Secs. 2&3)
2. Institutional mechanisms (Secs. 5-12)
a. DRRMC’s (National, Regional, Provincial, City and Municipal Levels
and Barangay Development Council at the barangay level);
b. Office of Civil Defense
c. Permanent Office on DRRM at the LGU level; Barangay DRRM
Committee
d. Disaster Volunteers
3. Operational Mechanisms (Secs. 15-18)
a. Coordination during emergencies
b. Declaration of a state of calamity
c. Remedial Measures
d. Mechanism for the international humanitarian assistance network.
4. Participation, accreditation, mobilization, protection and
development of disaster volunteers
5. Training and Education in DRR
a. Establishment of DRRM training institutes
b. Mandatory training in DRR for public sector employees
c. Integration of DRR in school curricula, training for out-
of-school youth,
Sangguniang Kabataan, and informal training
II. The National Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Council (NDRRMC)
Leading the collaborative efforts in disaster preparedness planning and
mitigation, as well as disaster response operations and rehabilitation both in the
government and private sectors in the NDRRMC. It is the highest policy-making,
coordinating and supervising body at the national level chaired by the Secretary of
National Defense thru the Executive Director of the Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
and has 14 departments and 39 line agencies as members.
The NDRRMC is also responsible for advising the President of the Republic of
the Philippines on the status of the national disaster preparedness programs and
management plans, disaster operations, and rehabilitation efforts of all
stakeholders. It also recommends to the President the declaration of the state of
calamity and the release of the national calamity fund as needed.
III. The Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
The Office of Civil Defense (OCD), as the implementing arm of the National
Defense Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, shall have the primary
mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk
reduction and management program by providing leadership in the continuous
development of strategic and systematic approaches as well as measures to
reduce the vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and manage the consequences of
disasters. Its mission is to provide leadership and administration of a
comprehensive national civic defense and disaster risk reduction and management
program. The vision is to become center of excellence in disaster risk reduction
and management by 2020.
IV. Organizational Network
The Philippine Disaster System (PDMS), as embodied in P.D 1566 and R.A. 10121, is
carried out at various political subdivisions and administrative regions of the country
through the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC); 17
Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (RDRRMC); 80 Provincial
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (PDRRMC), 113 City Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Councils (CDRRMC); 1,496 Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Councils (MDRRMC); and 41,956 Barangay Risk Reduction and
Management Councils (BRRMC) respectively.
1. Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO) (Section 12, PDRRM
Act)
a. It is established in every Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Committee in every barangay.
b. Responsibility – setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination
of disaster risk management programs within their territorial jurisdiction.
c. LDRRMO shall be under the office of the governor, city or municipal
mayor, and the barangay captain in case of the BDRRMC. The
LDRRMO’s initially organized and is composed of a DRRMO, assisted by
three staffs responsible for:
- Administrative and traininh
- Research and planning; and
- Operations and warning; The LDRRMOs and the BDRRMCs shall
organize, train and directly supervise the local emergency response
terms and the Accredited Community Disaster Volunteers (ACDV).
2. Accreditation, Mobilization, and Protection of Disaster Volunteers and
National Service Corps, Civil Society Organizations and the Private Sector
(Section 13, PDRRM Act)
a. The government agencies, CSOs, private sectors and LGUs may mobilize
individuals or organized volunteers to augment their respective personnel
complement and logistical requirements in the delivery of disaster risk
reduction programs and activities.
b. The agencies, CSOs, private sectors and LGUs concerned shall take full
responsibility for the enhancement, welfare and protection of volunteers,
and shall submit the list of volunteers to the OCD, through the LDRRMOs,
for accreditation and inclusion in the database of community disaster
volunteers.
3. Integration of DRR Education into the School Curricula and
Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) Program and Mandatory Training for the
Public Sector Employees (Section 14, PDRMM Act)
a. The DepEd, CHED, TESDA in coordination with OCD, NYC, DOST,
DENR, DILG-BFP, DOH, DSWD and other relevant agencies, shall
integrate DRRM education in the school curricula of secondary and
tertiary levels of education including NSTP, whether private or public
including formal and non-formal, technical-vocational, indigenous
learning, and out-of-school youth courses and programs.
b. The NDRRMC, RDRRMCs, LDRRMCs, LDRRMOs, BDRRMCs and the
SK councils shall encourage community, especially the youth,
participation in DRRM activities.

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Prepared By:

“An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction

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