Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction 11

DRRR 11
Self-Learning Module
nd
1 SEM- Module 1
Week – 2 weeks
Name of Students :_______________________________________________________________________
Grade and Section :_______________________________________________________________________
Reference: BOOK Quebral, Villamor S, 2016. Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction. Quezon City, Metro Manila, Lorimar
Publishing Inc.
(What to know)-Objectives of the lesson
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Explain the meaning of disaster,
2. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disaster;
3. Describe the effects of disaster on one’s life.

(What do I know?)-assessment of the past lesson / PRE-TEST (15 pts.) W

PRETEST
A Write your answer on the space provided choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
_____1. A process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, properly
damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation is called ______________________.
a. Disaster b. Emergency c. Hazard d. Vulnerability
_____2. The following are common long-term impacts of natural hazards EXCEPT
a. Destruction of vital infrastructure like roads and bridges.
b. Disconnection of communication lines
c. Widespread loss of housing
d. Permanent disability
_____3. A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or widespread human, material, economic or
environmental losses is called __________________.
a. Disaster b. Vulnerability c. Resiliency d. Hazard
_____4. The variables that amplify the effects of hazards, affecting the degree or scope of a disaster is called _____.
a. Exposure b. Elements at risk c. Risk drivers d. Vulnerability
_____5. Which is not an effect of disaster on human life?
a. Food Scarcity c. Displaced Population
b. Illnesses and disease d. Disturbance of Biodiversity
_____6. Disaster frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT
a. Displacement of populations
b. Damage to the ecological environment
c. Destruction of a population’s homeland
d. Adequate supply of goods and services
_____7. It is the chance or likelihood of suffering harm and loss as a result of a hazardous event.
a. vulnerability b. disaster c. disaster risk d. hazard 3
_____8.Disaster is frequently described as a result of various condition except ___________________.
a. exposure to hazard
b. having enough physical, social, and attitudinal capabilities
c. conditions of vulnerability at present
d. insufficient capacity or measures to cope with disasters
_____9. Which can be prevented but can be anticipated generally?
a. human-made hazards c. Socionatural hazards
b. Disasters d. Natural Hazards
_____10. Which group belongs to the most vulnerable?
a. professional c. indigenous people
b. government officials d. small entrepreneurs
_____11. Which is not a volcanic hazard?
a. carbon dioxide b. lapilli c. turbulent ash cloud d. mudflow
_____12. All of the following are TRUE about disasters EXCEPT:
a. A disaster may be domestic or international
b. A disaster may be caused by nature or human origins
c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage
d. A disaster may have a known and gradual onset
_____13. Which is possible cause of earthquake?
a. Tsunami b. Volcanic Eruption c. Landslide d. Typhoon
_____14. Which is not an example of capacity?
 a. adequate income c. local knowledge
b. savings d. isolation
_____15. Which is not a geological hazard?
a. Earthquake b. Tsunami c. Tephra Fall d. Tornado

(What’s in it?)-motivation (15 pts.) w

Lesson 1: Definition of Disaster and Disaster Risk

A. Identify the following event that is happening in the picture.
B. Provide a word that associate the word DISASTER inside the cloud that surround.

(What is it) – Main lesson/topics

Disaster is defined as a serious disruption of functioning of society, causing widespread human, material or
environmental losses, which exceed the ability of the affected people to cope using their own resources.
An event, either man-made or natural, sudden or progressive, causing widespread human, material or
environmental losses.
Examples of Disaster
1. Typhoon Yolanda
➢ Strength 290 km/hr
➢ The storm surge it brought was sudden
and unexpected.
➢ Its devastating effect to human, material, and
environment.
➢ More than 7,000 people perished
➢ The entire city of Tacloban was flattened
2. Wowowe Stampede
➢ The became so popular that thousands of fans
flock to ULTRA to watch the noon time show. That
turned out to disastrous tragedy when there was a
human-induced disturbance among the watching
crowd that cause a stampede. Many spectators
were hurt and some even died which led to the
dissolution of the said TV program.
3. Typhoon Ondoy
➢ Typhoon Ondoy turned into a disaster
because of the amount of precipitation
brought by its torrential rains that lasted
for several days causing flood and flash
floods in Metro Manila.
➢ Thousand of houses were submerge in
flood water. Hundreds of shelters along
river banks and steros were washed out.
Power and water supplies were cut off
for several weeks. Hundreds of lives
perished.
Disaster Risk
 The probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of
a particular hazard, on account of its nature, construction and proximity to a hazardous area.
 It signifies the possibility of adverse effects in the future. It is derived from the interaction of social and
environmental process, from the combination of physical hazards and the vulnerability of exposed elements.
Nature of Disasters
Natural Disaster – these originate from the different ‘forces’ of nature. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, typhoons, and cyclones affect many countries in Asia particularly the Philippines.
Human-made – these disasters occur due to people’s actions against human, material, and environment. These include
transport and industrial accidents, such as air and train crashes, chemical spills, and building collapses. Terrorism is also
categorized as human-made disaster.

Types of Disaster
Natural Disaster
• Agricultural disease and pests • Tsunamis
• Storm Surge • Wildfires
• Drought and water shortage • Sinkholes
• Earthquakes • Emergency disease
• Hurricanes and Tropical storm • Extreme heat
• Landslide and debris flow • Floods and flash floods
• Thunder storm and lightning • La Niῆa
• Tornadoes
Human-Made and Technological Types of Disasters
• Hazardous material • Chemical threat and biological weapons
• Power service and siruption and blackout • Cyber Attacks
• Nuclear power plant and nuclear blast • Explosion
• Radiological emergencies • Civil Unrest

(What’s more) – enrichment /additional activity

Activity 1: NEWSPAPER ARTICLE ( 5 pts.) w
Direction: Read the newspaper article. Based on the details of the articles, provide the indicated key concepts on the
blank provided for.
Surprise
Iligan City Mayor Lawrence Cruz said many people were caught by surprise when water rose one meter (three
feet) high in less than an hour, forcing people onto roofs. “Most of them were already sleeping when floodwaters
entered their homes. This the worst flooding our city has experienced in years. “The national disaster agency said it
could not estimate crop and property damage because emergency workers, including soldiers and police officers, were
evacuating families and recovering casualties. Benito Ramos, head of the NDRRMC told reporters Mindanao residents
were warned about the dangers posed by the storm days earlier but elected not to move to safe areas. He said
Mindanao was rarely visited by storms, even as 20 major storms strike the Philippines annually, with the most hitting
Luzon, the largest and most populous island in the Southeast Asian archipelago. “We expect huge damage, especially on
agriculture,” Ramos said. Two of the three rivers that flow into the port of Iligan had overflowed, he added, and a
popular radio commentator was among those killed. Other affected areas on Mindanao included 9 Bukidnon province,
where 47 people died, while nine other people were killed elsewhere on the island, Pang of the Red Cross said.
1. What disaster has taken place?
2. Was the disaster caused by natural or
manmade event?
3. What did the disaster incur to the
community?
4. Did the community know about the
occurrence of the disaster?
5. What did the community do to
prepare for the impacts of the disaster?

Activity 2: Fact Checking: ( 10 pts.) w

WHAT I KNOW ABOUT DISASTER

Before Now
Activity 2: hazard or a disaster: ( 10 pts.) w

Identify whether the following item is a hazard or a disaster. Write your answer on the space provided.
____________1. A super typhoon with storm surge affecting Leyte.
____________2. A typhoon passing over remote and unpopulated island.
____________3. A flood in rural area which floods the roads but does not affect any houses.
____________4. A volcano erupting an isolation in the middle of Pacific Ocean.
____________5. An avalanche in ski report.
____________ 6. An avalanche high on the mountain and slopes remote from ant settlements.
____________7. A tsunami wave 5 meters high off the cost of Japan.
____________8. An earthquake in Davao.
____________9. A drought and wildfire in Brazil.
____________10. A landslide in Tiwi last 2018.

Lesson 2: Risk Factors Underlying Disasters


➢Severity of Exposure
The amount of exposure to the disaster is highly related to risk of future mental problems. At higher risk are
those that go through the disaster themselves. Next are those in close contact with victims. At lower risk of
lasting impact are those who only had indirect exposure, such as news of the severe damage.
➢ Gender and Family
Disaster recovery is more stressful when children are present in the home. Women with spouses also
experience more distress during the recovery. Having a family member in the home who is extremely
distressed is related to more stress for everyone. Marital stress has been found to increase after disasters.
Also, conflicts between family members or lack of support in the home make it harder to recover from
disasters.
➢ Age
Adults who are in the age range of 40-60 are likely to be more distressed after disasters. The thinking is that if
one is in that age range, he/she has more demands from job and family. In general, children show more severe
distress after disasters than do adults. Higher stress in the parents is related to worse recovery in children.

Other factors specific to the survivor’s background and resources are important fro recovery from disasters. Recovery is worse
if survivors:
• We’re not functioning well before the disaster
• Have had no experience dealing with
• Must deal with other stressors after the disaster
• Have poor self-esteem
• Think they are uncared for by others
• Think they have little control over what happens to them
• Lack the capacity to manage stress
Other factors have also been found to predict worse outcomes:
• Bereavement (death of someone else)
• Injury to self or another family member
• Life threat
• Panic, horror, or feelings like that during the disaster
• Being separated from family (especially among youth)
• Great loss of property
• Displacement (being forced to leave home)
➢ Developing Countries
There is a strong body evidence that these risk factors can be made worse if the disaster occurs in a developing
country. Disasters in developing countries, like the Philippines, have more severe mental health impact than do
disasters in developed countries. This is true even with less serious disasters.
➢ Low or Negative Social Support
The support of others can be both a risk and a resilience factor. Social support can weaken after disasters. This
may be due to stress and the need for members of the support network to get on with their own lives.

(What’s more) – enrichment /additional activity

Activity 3: ( 5 pts.) w
Direction: ponder and answer the question.
1. Will a hazard always cause a disaster?
Sample situation: There is a volcano in the middle of an uninhabited dessert. What is the hazard? Will
there be a human disaster if the volcano erupts?
Activity 3: ( 10 pts.) w
Direction: Answer the following question.
1. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disaster. ( 4 pts.)
2. What factors define disaster risk? ( 6 pts.)
 Lesson 3: Effects of Natural Disasters on Human Life
Effects of Natural Disasters on Human Life
➢ Displaced Populations
One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is population displacement. When countries are ravaged
by earthquakes or other powerful forces of nature like floods and super typhoons, many people have to abandon their homes and
seek shelter in other regions. A large influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies
and clean water.
When Mt. Pinatubo erupted in 1991, thousands of families in Zambales and Pampanga were displaced. Their
communities were ravaged by lahar flow that turned these communities.
➢ Health Risks
Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural disasters present, the secondary effects can be just as
damaging. Severe flooding can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying
mosquitoes. Dengue fever is another serious health problem cause by mosquitoes (aegis egypti). Without emergency relief from
international danger has passed.
➢Food Scarcity
After natural disasters, food often becomes scarce. Thousands of people around the world go hungry as a result
of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought. As a result,
food prices rise, reducing families’ purchasing power and increasing the risk of severe malnutrition. The impacts of hunger following
an earthquake, typhoon or hurricane can be tremendous, cause lifelong damage to children’s development.
➢ Emotional Aftershocks
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children. Confronted with scenes of destruction and the
deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological condition
resulting from extreme trauma. Left untreated, children suffering form PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological damage and
emotional distress.

(What’s more) – enrichment /additional activity

Activity 4: Essay ( 10pts.) P.
 In short bond paper.
Guide question:
1. What are the effects of disaster on human’s life?
2. Describe the effects of disaster on human’s life.
Activity 5: ( 6pts ) W
Answer the following questions;
1. How to keep ourselves safe during the disaster?
2. What are the conditions before a disaster is about to come?
3. What precautions should we talk to prevent such a disaster?