Hazard in Tornado and Floods

Hazard that may
happen in flood
and tornado
FLOOD
Flooding is a temporary overflow of water onto

land that is normally dry.
PRIMARY
HAZARD
are the effects of floods due to direct contact

with the flood waters.
•With higher velocities, streams are able to transport larger particles as suspended load. These large particles can include
not only rocks and sediment, but, during a flood, could include such large objects as automobiles, houses and bridges.
•Flood waters can produce massive amounts of erosion. Such erosion can weaken and undermine bridges, levees/dykes, and
buildings causing their collapse.
•Water entering human built structures cause water damage. Even with minor flooding of homes, furniture is ruined, floors
and walls are damaged, and anything that comes in contact with the water is likely to be damaged or lost. Flooding of
automobiles usually results in damage that cannot easily be repaired.
•Flooding of farmland can result in crop loss. Livestock, pets, and other animals are often
carried away and drown.
•Humans can get caught in the high velocity flood waters and can drown in the water.
•Floodwaters can concentrate garbage, debris, and toxic pollutants that can cause the secondary
effects of health hazards.
SECONDARY
HAZARD
are those that occur because of primary

hazards.
1) Drinking water supplies may be polluted,
especially if sewage treatment plants are within the
flooded area. This contamination can result in disease
and other health complications.
2) Gas and electrical services can be interrupted.
3) Transportation systems can be disrupted as a
result food supplies and aid can be delayed. This has
resulted in starvation in lesser developed countries.
LONG TERM
HAZARD
Long term changes

1) Location of river channel my change.
2) Sediment deposited during flooding
may leave farm land in poor condition (all
though silt deposits can increase
productivity).
3) Destruction of wildlife habitat.
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
Floodplain - a low area of land, adjacent to streams or rivers, in which flood

water moves into during a flood.
Flood - High water flow or an overflow of rivers or streams from their natural or
artificial banks, inundating adjacent low lying areas.
Flood Crest - the highest peak elevation of the water level during a flood in a
stream or river.
Stream Channel - An open conveyance of surface having a bottom and sides in

a linear configuration. Channels can be natural or man-made. Channels have
levees or dikes along their sides to build up their depth.
• Stream Discharge - The amount of water that passes a
specific point on a watercourse over a given period of time.
Rates of discharge are usually measured in cubic feet per
second.
• Dyke / Levee - A man-made structure, usually an earthen
embankment often reinforced with soil cement, that is
designed to contain or divert the flow of water.
• Peak Flow - The maximum rate of flow through a

watercourse for a given storm.
defined as a violently rotating column of air
extending from a thunderstorm to the ground – are
often formed when warm and cold air masses clash.
They are capable of tremendous destruction,
creating damage paths in excess of one mile wide
and 50 miles long
•Strong Winds: The strong winds of a tornado can rip just about
anything off of the ground including trees, vehicles, and even houses.
The winds inside of tornadoes travel at over 310 miles per hour. Even
weak tornadoes can pull shingles and siding off of houses.
•Debris: The second damaging effect of tornadoes is actually from the
debris that the storm picks up. People have been buried alive by
houses or mud picked up and then dropped by a tornado. Smaller
objects become damaging projectiles when thrown by tornadoes.
One tornado took a child’s bicycle and wrapped it around a tree!
•Hail and Lightning: It is not only the wind that causes damage in a
tornado, but also the hail and lightning that the storm produces. Large
hailstones can damage cars and injure people, and lighting can
cause fires and electrical problems.
Tornadoes produce devastating effects on
the environment. They can uproot trees,
cause mass migrations of animals, and
destroy the habitats of local wildlife.
•destruction of buildings, including roofing being
blown off, broken windows, and other flying debris
•large scale forest damage and fallen trees or
branches falling onto power-lines
•high-sided vehicles and outdoor equipment such
as centre-pivot irrigators being blown over
•very tall buildings, suspension bridges and
transmission lines can suffer structural failures.

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Hazard that may

Flooding is a temporary overflow of water onto

are the effects of floods due to direct contact

are those that occur because of primary

Long term changes

Floodplain - a low area of land, adjacent to streams or rivers, in which flood

Stream Channel - An open conveyance of surface having a bottom and sides in

• Peak Flow - The maximum rate of flow through a

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