Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 106 views

    Transduction

    Uploaded by

    Archana Rakibe
    Transduction is a process where genes are transferred between bacteria through bacteriophages. It was discovered in 1952 by Joshua Lederberg and Norton Zinder. There are two types: generalized transduction, where bacterial DNA enters the phage due to an error during the lytic cycle, and specialized transduction, where DNA enters the phage during the lysogenic cycle and integrates at a specific site. Both can transfer bacterial DNA to new host cells during subsequent infections.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Transduction

    Uploaded by

    Archana Rakibe
    106 views14 pages
    Transduction is a process where genes are transferred between bacteria through bacteriophages. It was discovered in 1952 by Joshua Lederberg and Norton Zinder. There are two types: generalized transduction, where bacterial DNA enters the phage due to an error during the lytic cycle, and specialized transduction, where DNA enters the phage during the lysogenic cycle and integrates at a specific site. Both can transfer bacterial DNA to new host cells during subsequent infections.

    Original Description:

    Transduction

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Transduction is a process where genes are transferred between bacteria through bacteriophages. It was discovered in 1952 by Joshua Lederberg and Norton Zinder. There are two types: generalized transduction, where bacterial DNA enters the phage due to an error during the lytic cycle, and specialized transduction, where DNA enters the phage during the lysogenic cycle and integrates at a specific site. Both can transfer bacterial DNA to new host cells during subsequent infections.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    106 views14 pages

    Transduction

    Uploaded by

    Archana Rakibe
    Transduction is a process where genes are transferred between bacteria through bacteriophages. It was discovered in 1952 by Joshua Lederberg and Norton Zinder. There are two types: generalized transduction, where bacterial DNA enters the phage due to an error during the lytic cycle, and specialized transduction, where DNA enters the phage during the lysogenic cycle and integrates at a specific site. Both can transfer bacterial DNA to new host cells during subsequent infections.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Discovery

    Lederberg & Zinder:


    • Transduction was first discovered in 1952 by
    Joshua Lederberg and Norton Zinder
    Definition
    •Transduction, a process of genetic recombination in bacteria
    in which genes from a host cell (a bacterium) are incorporated
    into the genome of a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) and then
    carried to another host cell when the bacteriophage initiates
    another cycle of infection.
    or
    • In transduction, DNA is transferred from cell to cell through
    the agency of viruses
    EXAMPLES OF BACTERIA
    • Transduction has been found to occur in a
    variety of prokaryotes, including certain
    species of the Bacteria: Desulfovibrio,
    Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus,
    Rhodobacter, Salmonella, Staphylococcus,
    and Xanthobacter, as well as
    Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.
    Bacteriophage
    • Firstly Descovered in
    1915 by Fredrick Twort and
    two years later by
    Felix d’Herelle.
    • Means bacteria eater.
    • A virus that infects certain
    type of bacteria and
    replicates within them
    Types of Bacteriophage
    • Virulent: capable of causing infection and eventually
    destruction and death of the bacterial cell. These follow
    the lytic cycle. e.g. T4 host E.coli.

    • Temperate: does not cause destruptic infection instead


    phage DNA is incorporated into bacterium DNA and is
    replicated with it and after some cycle become virulent
    cause lysis.e.g. lambda phage.
    Transduction Phases
    • There are two phases of transduction-
    – the lytic

    – the lysogenic phase.

    • In lytic phase, the phage injects its DNA into the bacteria, takes over the

    machinery, packages new phages and explodes out of the cell (thus

    damaging the bacteria and moving on).

    • On the other hand in lysogenic phase, the bacteriophage injects its DNA

    into the bacteria and then that phage DNA integrates into the bacterial DNA

    creating what is called a prophage. Thus, the phage DNA replicates with

    the bacteria (and this is a less invasive way of the viral DNA getting

    replicated-not killing the host bacteria).


    Transduction Types
    Generalized transduction
    • A DNA fragment is transferred from one bacterium to another by a
    lytic bacteriophage that is now carrying donor bacterial DNA due to
    an error in maturation during the lytic life cycle.

    1. Attachment/Adsorption of bacteriophage to the bacteria


    2. Penetration of phage DNA
    3. Replication of phage DNA/RNA
    4. Synthesis of nucleic acid and proteins
    5. Assembly of phage protein and nucleic acid
    6. Release of mature bacteriophage
    Specialized transduction
    • A DNA fragment is transferred from one bacterium to another
    by a temperate bacteriophage that is now carrying donor
    bacterial DNA due to an error in spontaneous induction during
    the lysogenic life cycle.
    • In specialized transduction the phage inserts its genome at
    the specific site.
    Specialized Transduction

    1. A temperate bacteriophage adsorbs


    to a susceptible bacterium and injects
    its genome .

    2. The bacteriophage inserts its genome


    into the bacterium's nucleoid to become
    a prophage.
    Steps in Specialised Transduction

    3. Occasionally during spontaneous


    induction, a small piece of the donor
    bacterium's DNA is picked up as part of
    the phage's genome in place of some of
    the phage DNA which remains in the
    bacterium's nucleoid.

    4. As the bacteriophage replicates, the


    segment of bacterial DNA replicates as
    part of the phage's genome. Every
    phage now carries that segment of
    bacterial DNA.
    Steps in Specialised Transduction

    5. The bacteriophage adsorbs to a


    recipient bacterium and injects its
    genome.

    6. The bacteriophage genome carrying


    the donor bacterial DNA inserts into the
    recipient bacterium's nucleoid.

    14

    You might also like