Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 15 views

    Work Energy Chap 4

    Uploaded by

    Wafa Zainab
    Work is defined as force times distance. Power is defined as work divided by time. Kinetic energy is equal to one-half mass times velocity squared. Work causes a change in an object's kinetic energy and the units of both are joules. Positive work is done when an object's kinetic energy increases as it is moved in the direction of the applied force. Negative work is done when kinetic energy decreases as an object is moved against the direction of an applied force.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Work Energy Chap 4

    Uploaded by

    Wafa Zainab
    15 views48 pages
    Work is defined as force times distance. Power is defined as work divided by time. Kinetic energy is equal to one-half mass times velocity squared. Work causes a change in an object's kinetic energy and the units of both are joules. Positive work is done when an object's kinetic energy increases as it is moved in the direction of the applied force. Negative work is done when kinetic energy decreases as an object is moved against the direction of an applied force.

    Original Description:

    chapter 4 1st year physics

    Original Title

    Work Energy chap 4

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Work is defined as force times distance. Power is defined as work divided by time. Kinetic energy is equal to one-half mass times velocity squared. Work causes a change in an object's kinetic energy and the units of both are joules. Positive work is done when an object's kinetic energy increases as it is moved in the direction of the applied force. Negative work is done when kinetic energy decreases as an object is moved against the direction of an applied force.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    15 views48 pages

    Work Energy Chap 4

    Uploaded by

    Wafa Zainab
    Work is defined as force times distance. Power is defined as work divided by time. Kinetic energy is equal to one-half mass times velocity squared. Work causes a change in an object's kinetic energy and the units of both are joules. Positive work is done when an object's kinetic energy increases as it is moved in the direction of the applied force. Negative work is done when kinetic energy decreases as an object is moved against the direction of an applied force.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 48

    Work, Energy, Power

    Work is Force times Distance.


    The change in Kinetic Energy is equal to the work.
    Power is Work per unit time.

    W  F d
    W  K
    P  W / T
    New Concept:
    Kinetic Energy

    K = ½ m V2

    Work causes a change in kinetic energy, so the units


    are the same.

    Units of Kinetic energy: Joule

    But, from the definition of kinetic energy, the units are also,

    1 Joule = 1 Kg-m2/s2
    Work is force times distance…but!

    Only the force component in the direction of motion counts!

    Units of work: Joule


    Force in direction of motion is what
    matters…

    Fx = F cosq

    W = D * F cosq
    Figure 7-3
    Force at an Angle to Direction of Motion: Another Look
    I’ve got work to do….
    F = Mg

    W=F*y=MgH
    F = Mg
    y

    This is the work done by the


    person lifting the box.
    How about the reverse?….
    F = Mg

    W=F*y
    = - MgH

    Work can be positive or negative.


    Lifting a box is positive work.
    H Lowering the box is negative work.

    F = Mg
    Positive or Negative?
    Work done by gravity.

    Fg = - Mg
    Work “done by force of gravity” is
    positive when an object is dropped.

    y = - H
    Problem 7-77
    W = 50J, given v, F, x.

    What is theta?
    What is M?

    1 1
    W  F (cos q )d W  K  m(vf 2  vi 2 )  mvf 2
    2 2
    W
    cos q 
    Fd
    W
    q  cos1
    Fd
    50.0 J 2W 2(50.0 J)
     cos 1 m   14.8 kg
     2.60 
    2 2
    (45.0 N)(1.50 m) vf m
    s
     42.2
    Figure 7-4
    Positive, Negative, and Zero Work
    Raindrops are falling on my
    head….
    W  F  y
     ( Mg )  ( H )
     MgH
    V1

    F = - Mg y = -H W  K
    1 1
     Mv22  Mv12
    2 2
    V2
    1
    MgH  M (v22  v12 )
    2
    Special case: Object dropped from
    rest.

    Mass M dropped from height H. What


    is speed just before hitting the
    ground? (Neglect friction of air)
    -Mg

    W=MgH

    H W=K=1/2 M v2

    v  2 gH
    Thought provoking: The inclined plane.

    Distance = h Distance = L = h/sin q


    Force = mg Force = mg sin q
    W = mgh W = mgh

    The work is the same in both cases. This is an example of


    conservation of energy, which we will see much more of in the
    future.
    Figure 7-6
    Graphical Representation of the Work Done
    by a Constant Force
    Figure 7-7
    Work Done by a Non-Constant Force
    Figure 7-8a
    Work Done by a Continuously Varying Force
    Figure 7-8b
    Work Done by a Continuously Varying Force
    Figure 7-8c
    Work Done by a Continuously Varying Force
    When force is not constant.
    The area under a force-distance
    curve is the work, W.
    The average force times the
    distance gives the work. This is
    the same as the area under the
    curve.
    Force

    Distance
    Back to our Spring Flings.
    F = K x
    How much work is done to move the
    block?
    Be careful with the signs of the
    forces!
    F = -K x The force to move the block must be
    equal and opposite to the force of
    F=Kx the spring on the block.
    Force

    W=½FX
    W = ½ K X2

    Work done to move a mass


    on a spring a distance “x”:
    Distance X
    W  12 Kx 2
    Conceptual Checkpoints
    • What is work, in physics terms?
    • What is kinetic energy?
    • What is power?

    Work is force in the direction of motion.

    Kinetic energy is ½ Mv2

    Power is Work (or Energy) per Unit time.


    The Power to overcome Friction.
    Work is Force times distance. Power is Work per unit time.

    AN IMPORTANT SPECIAL CASE

    Block moves with STEADY SPEED under influence of


    applied force that EXACTLY balances friction, so V is
    CONSTANT.
    Under these conditions,
    Force of friction F
    W F  X
    P   F v
    T T

    Frictional Force, Ff = mN

    THIS IS A SPECIAL CASE IN WHICH AN APPLIED FORCE RESULTS IN CONSTANT SPEED.


    IT OCCURS BECAUSE THE NET FORCE IS ZERO (SUM OF ALL APPLIED FORCES).
    What is escape velocity?
    Escape velocity is the speed that an object needs to be traveling to break free of a planet
    or moon's gravity well and leave it without further propulsion. For example, a spacecraft
    leaving the surface of Earth needs to be going 7 miles per second, or nearly 25,000 miles
    per hour to leave without falling back to the surface or falling into orbit.
    »Break
    5 minutes

    You might also like