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    Cooling Tower

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    Bevelyn L. Barreto Hernandez
    Here are 3 diagrams that could help explain cooling tower concepts: 1. Psychrometric chart showing dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, humidity ratio, etc. This shows the thermodynamic states. 2. Schematic diagram of a cooling tower with labels for air/water inlet and outlet, fill material, fan, etc. This shows the physical components and flow. 3. Air velocity profile diagram at the fan outlet showing measurements in different radial sections. This supports discussing the air mass flow rate calculation. Diagrams are very helpful for visualizing thermodynamic concepts and systems. They can illustrate physical processes, locations of measurements, system components, and state property relationships. Using diagrams is an effective way to explain complex thermal

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    Cooling Tower

    Uploaded by

    Bevelyn L. Barreto Hernandez
    190 views23 pages
    Here are 3 diagrams that could help explain cooling tower concepts: 1. Psychrometric chart showing dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, humidity ratio, etc. This shows the thermodynamic states. 2. Schematic diagram of a cooling tower with labels for air/water inlet and outlet, fill material, fan, etc. This shows the physical components and flow. 3. Air velocity profile diagram at the fan outlet showing measurements in different radial sections. This supports discussing the air mass flow rate calculation. Diagrams are very helpful for visualizing thermodynamic concepts and systems. They can illustrate physical processes, locations of measurements, system components, and state property relationships. Using diagrams is an effective way to explain complex thermal

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    Cooling Tower (1)

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    Here are 3 diagrams that could help explain cooling tower concepts: 1. Psychrometric chart showing dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, humidity ratio, etc. This shows the thermodynamic states. 2. Schematic diagram of a cooling tower with labels for air/water inlet and outlet, fill material, fan, etc. This shows the physical components and flow. 3. Air velocity profile diagram at the fan outlet showing measurements in different radial sections. This supports discussing the air mass flow rate calculation. Diagrams are very helpful for visualizing thermodynamic concepts and systems. They can illustrate physical processes, locations of measurements, system components, and state property relationships. Using diagrams is an effective way to explain complex thermal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    190 views23 pages

    Cooling Tower

    Uploaded by

    Bevelyn L. Barreto Hernandez
    Here are 3 diagrams that could help explain cooling tower concepts: 1. Psychrometric chart showing dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, humidity ratio, etc. This shows the thermodynamic states. 2. Schematic diagram of a cooling tower with labels for air/water inlet and outlet, fill material, fan, etc. This shows the physical components and flow. 3. Air velocity profile diagram at the fan outlet showing measurements in different radial sections. This supports discussing the air mass flow rate calculation. Diagrams are very helpful for visualizing thermodynamic concepts and systems. They can illustrate physical processes, locations of measurements, system components, and state property relationships. Using diagrams is an effective way to explain complex thermal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23
    At a glance
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    The document discusses evaluating the performance of an induced draft cooling tower through measuring various thermodynamic parameters and applying energy balance concepts.

    The goal is to apply thermodynamic fundamental concepts to determine the performance and effectiveness of induced draft cooling towers.

    An induced draft cooling tower uses a fan to draw hot air through a fill material where the air is cooled by the evaporation of water. The cooled air is then exhausted to the atmosphere while the cooled water is collected for reuse.

    Cooling Tower

    Bevelyn Barreto February 5, 2019


    Kenneth De Jesús INME 4236-076
    Charlie Pérez Inst. Omar Orozco
    Brenda Rivera
    Cristian Rodríguez
    Outline
    - Objectives & Goals
    - Introduction
    - Theory Background
    - Materials & Methods
    - Results & Discussion
    - Conclusions & Recommendations

    2
    Objectives & Goals
    Objectives Goal
    Evaluate the performance of an To apply thermodynamic
    induced draft cooling tower. fundamental concepts to
    determine the performance and
    Perform energy balance of fluid
    effectiveness of induced draft
    through into the system.
    cooling towers.
    The use of thermodynamic tables
    and the psychrometric chart to
    determine the states of measured
    parameters.
    3
    Introduction

    - drg

    4
    Theory

    - Psychometrics -Study of systems involving dry air and water.


    - Dry Bulb Temperature (Air Temperature) -Temperature that an
    ordinary thermometer reads in presence of air.
    - Wet Bulb Temperature - Adiabatic saturation temperature
    measured with wet wick bulb thermometer.
    - Humidity Ratio -Mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air.

    5
    Theory (Cont.)

    - Relative Humidity - Ratio of water vapor pressure in air to its


    maximum pressure in saturated air.
    - Dew Point Temperature - Saturation temperature at which vapor
    water forms within the air.
    - Specific Volume - Volume of unit mass of dry air with its
    associated water vapor.
    - Specific Enthalpy - Enthalpy of unit mass of dry air with its
    associated water vapor.
    6
    How does work?

    Figure 1: Schematic of an induced draft cooling tower.


    7
    Materials & Method
    - Humidity/Temperature Handheld Meter
    - HHF144 Handheld Rotating Vane Hygro-Thermo Anemometer

    Figure 2: UPRM Induced Draft Figure 3: HH801A Digital


    Cooling Tower Thermometer 8
    Materials & Method (Cont.)

    Procedure:
    - Moist Air Inlet:
    - Temperature
    - Dew-Point
    - Dry-Bulb
    - Wet-Bulb
    Figure 4a: Moist air inlet
    - Relative Humidity
    9
    Materials & Method (Cont.)

    - Moist Air Outlet


    - Temperature
    - Dew-Point
    - Dry-Bulb
    - Wet-Bulb
    - Relative Humidity
    Figure 4b: Moist air outlet
    - Air Velocity

    10
    Materials & Method (Cont.)
    - Warm Water Inlet/ Cooled Water
    Exit/ Makeup Water:
    - Temperature
    - Electrical Panel:
    - Voltage (Volts)
    - Phase to Phase Figure 5: Warm water inlet
    - Line to Line
    - Current (Amps)
    - Line 11
    Materials & Method (Cont.)

    - Equations used during the analisis:


    - 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑚 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
    - 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐ℎ = 𝑇𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 − 𝑇𝑤𝑏
    - Effectiveness
    𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
    - 𝜂=
    𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒+𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐ℎ
    - Volumetric flow rate:
    - 𝑉𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =2 π ‫𝑟𝑑𝑟 ∗ 𝑟 𝑣 ׬‬
    12
    Materials & Method (Cont.)
    - Air Mass Flow Rate:
    - 𝑚ሶ 𝑎 =𝑉𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑡
    𝑎𝑖𝑟

    - Makeup Water Mass Flow:


    - 𝑚ሶ 5 =𝑚ሶ 𝑎 ∗ (𝑤4 − 𝑤3 )
    - Water Flow Rate:
    ሶ ሶ
    - 𝑚ሶ 𝑤 =𝑚𝑎∗ ℎ4−(ℎℎ3− ℎ−()𝑚5− ℎ5)
    1 2

    - Heat Load:
    - 𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ∗ (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )
    - Effective Power:
    - 𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 3 ∗ 𝑉𝐿 ∗ 𝐼𝐿 ∗ 𝑝𝑓 ∗ 𝜂𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
    13
    Results & Discussion

    - Values for approach, range and efficiency for the cooling towers
    U072249004 and U072249003, respectively.
    Approach 3.67±0.2 Approach 3.02±0.3

    Range 5.80±0.2 Range 7.00±0.2

    Efficiency (𝜂) 61.13%±0.7 Efficiency (𝜂) 69.88%±0.8

    14
    Results & Discussion (Cont.)
    - Velocity profile for the air velocity distribution at the fan exit for
    the cooling tower U072249004.
    Volumetric (m^3/s)
    Flow

    V1-2 1.7531

    V2-3 5.9421

    V3-4 8.472

    V4-5 6.655

    V5-6 3.88

    Vout 26.70
    15
    Results & Discussion (Cont.)
    - Mass flow rate of air exiting the cooling tower

    𝑚3
    𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 26.70 𝑠 𝑘𝑔
    𝑚ሶ 𝑎 = = = 30.57
    𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑟 0.8738𝑚3 𝑠
    𝑘𝑔

    - Mass flow rate of water entering the cooling tower


    𝑘𝑔
    𝑚ሶ 5 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑎 ∗ (𝑤4 − 𝑤3 ) = 30.57 ∗ 0.02402 − 0.0135) = 0.3216 𝑠

    16
    Results & Discussion (Cont.)
    - Water Flow Rate:
    𝑚ሶ 𝑎 ∗ ℎ4 − ℎ3 −(𝑚ሶ 5 − ℎ5 ) 30.57∗ 91.26−62.92 −(0.3216∗99.48) 𝑘𝑔
    𝑚ሶ 𝑤 = = =34.59
    (ℎ1 − ℎ2 ) 130.8−106.7 𝑠

    - Actual heat load of the cooling tower:

    𝑘𝐽
    𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ∗ (ℎ1 − ℎ2 ) = 34.59 ∗ 130.8 − 106.7 = 834.3
    𝑠

    - Electrical power consumption required to move the fan:


    𝑘𝐽
    𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 3 ∗ 𝑉𝐿 ∗ 𝐼𝐿 ∗ 𝑝𝑓 ∗ 𝜂𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 3 ∗ 280.7 ∗ 31.37 ∗ 0.58 = 12.96
    𝑠
    17
    Results & Discussion (Cont.)

    18
    Results & Discussion (Cont.)
    - Effectiveness of the CT is affected by the humidity in the inlet air
    - Puerto Rico is a very humid ambient and it varies constantly (possible
    cause of error)
    - Velocity profile of air at the outlet
    - Used to obtain mass flow rate of dry air
    - Affects the required make-up water flow rate
    - Mass flow rate of water to calculate heat load
    - Represents the amount of energy removed from the system in kJ/s (KW)
    - Power needed to move the fan
    - Higher Voltage, lower current
    - Which translate in less power losses
    - Less power consumption (Money saving)
    19
    Conclusion

    Cooling Tower U072249003 U072249004


    Approach 3.67±0.2 3.02±0.3
    Range 5.80±0.2 7.00±0.2
    Efficiency (𝜼) 61.13%±0.7 69.88%±0.8
    U072249004

    Mass Flow Rate of air Exiting the Cooling Tower: Heat Load:
    𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
    𝑚ሶ 𝑎 =30.57 𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 =834.3
    𝑠 𝑠
    Mass Flow Rate of air Entering the Cooling Tower:
    𝑘𝑔
    𝑚ሶ 5 =0.3216 Electrical Power Consumption:
    𝑠 𝑘𝐽
    Water Flow Rate: 𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 =12.96
    𝑠
    𝑘𝑔
    𝑚ሶ 𝑤 =34.59
    𝑠

    20
    References

    - Cancelos, Silvina (2019). INME4236: Cooling Tower, Experiment


    Lecture (University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR).
    - Cancelos, Silvina (2019). INME4236: Psycometric Chart, (University of
    Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR).
    - Morgan, Michael J., Shapiro, Howars N., Boettner, Daisie D., and Bailey,
    Margaret B. (2015). Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics
    (John Wiley & Sons, Haboken, New Jersey).

    21
    Thanks!
    Any questions?

    22
    Use diagrams to explain your ideas

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    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor. Ipsum dolor sit
    amet elit, sed do eiusmod tempor.

    23

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