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    Free Fall Motion

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    Darcy Evans
    The ball takes 5.33 seconds to reach the base of the cliff 50 meters below. During its trajectory, the total distance traveled is 100 meters, accounting for both its upward and downward motion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Free Fall Motion

    Uploaded by

    Darcy Evans
    312 views20 pages
    The ball takes 5.33 seconds to reach the base of the cliff 50 meters below. During its trajectory, the total distance traveled is 100 meters, accounting for both its upward and downward motion.

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    Free Fall

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    The ball takes 5.33 seconds to reach the base of the cliff 50 meters below. During its trajectory, the total distance traveled is 100 meters, accounting for both its upward and downward motion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    312 views20 pages

    Free Fall Motion

    Uploaded by

    Darcy Evans
    The ball takes 5.33 seconds to reach the base of the cliff 50 meters below. During its trajectory, the total distance traveled is 100 meters, accounting for both its upward and downward motion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Sect.

    2-7: Falling Objects


    Freely Falling Objects
    • One of the most important & common special cases of motion
    with constant acceleration:

    “FREE FALL”
    Objects falling due to gravity near the surface
    of Earth. Neglect air resistance. Near Earth’s
    surface, all objects experience approximately
    the same acceleration due to gravity.
    Use the one-dimensional constant
    acceleration equations
    (with some changes in notation,
    as we will see)
    • Experiment:
    – Ball & light piece of paper dropped at the same
    time. Repeated with wadded up paper.

    In the absence of air


    resistance, all objects fall
    with the same acceleration,
    although this may be tricky
    to tell by testing in an
    environment where there is
    air resistance.
    • Experiment:
    – Rock & feather
    dropped at the same
    time in air. Repeated
    in vacuum.

    The acceleration due to gravity at the Earth’s surface is


    approximately 9.80 m/s2. At a given location on the Earth and
    in the absence of air resistance, all objects fall with the same
    constant acceleration.
    • Experiment finds that the acceleration of
    falling objects (neglecting air resistance) is
    always (approximately) the same, no matter
    how light or heavy the object.

    • Acceleration due to gravity, a  g


    g = 9.8 m/s2 (approximately!)
    • Acceleration of falling objects is always the
    same, no matter how light or heavy.
    • Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s2
    • First proven by Galileo Galilei

    Legend: Dropped
    objects off of the
    leaning tower of Pisa.
    A COMMON MISCONCEPTION!
    • Acceleration due to gravity
    g = 9.8 m/s2 (approximately)
    – Depends on location on Earth, latitude, & altitude:
    • Note: My treatment is slightly different than the book’s, but it
    is, of course, equivalent!
    • To treat motion of falling objects, use the same
    equations we already have, but change notation
    slightly:
    Replace a by g = 9.8 m/s2
    – But in the equations it could have a + or a - sign
    in front of it! Discuss this next!
    • Usually, we consider vertical motion to be in the y
    direction, so replace x by y and x0 by y0 (often y0 = 0)
    NOTE!!!
    Whenever I (or the author!) write the
    symbol g, it ALWAYS means the
    POSITIVE numerical value 9.8 m/s2!
    It NEVER is negative!!! The sign (+
    or -) of the gravitational acceleration
    is taken into account in the equations
    we now discuss!
    Sign of g in 1d Equations
    • Magnitude (size) of g = 9.8 m/s2 (POSITIVE!)
    – But, acceleration is a vector (1 dimen), with 2
    possible directions.
    – Call these + and -.
    – However, which way is + and which way is - is
    ARBITRARY & UP TO US!
    – May seem “natural” for “up” to be + y and “down”
    to be - y, but we could also choose (we sometimes
    will!) “down” to be + y and “up” to be - y
    – So, in equations g could have a + or a - sign in
    front of it, depending on our choice!
    Directions of Velocity & Acceleration
    • Objects in free fall ALWAYS have downward
    acceleration.
    • Still use the same equations for objects thrown
    upward with some initial velocity v0
    • An object goes up until it stops at some point
    & then it falls back down. Acceleration is
    always g in the downward direction. For the
    first half of flight, the velocity is UPWARD.
     For the first part of the flight, velocity &
    acceleration are in opposite directions!
    VELOCITY & ACCELERATION

    ARE NOT NECESSARILY IN

    THE SAME DIRECTION!


    Equations for Bodies in Free Fall
    • Written taking “up” as + y!
    v = v0 - g t (1)
    y = y0 + v0 t – (½)gt2 (2)
    v2 = (v0)2 - 2g (y - y0) (3)
    v = (½)(v + v0) (4)
    g = 9.8 m/s2

    Usually y0 = 0. Sometimes v0 = 0
    Equations for Bodies in Free Fall
    • Written taking “down” as + y!
    v = v0 + g t (1)
    y = y0 + v0 t + (½)gt2 (2)
    v2 = (v0)2 + 2g (y - y0) (3)
    v = (½)(v + v0) (4)
    g = 9.8 m/s2

    Usually y0 = 0. Sometimes v0 = 0
    Example 2-10: Falling from a Tower
    A ball is dropped (v0 = 0) from a tower 70.0 m high. How
    far will it have fallen after time t1 = 1 s, t2 = 2 s, t3 = 3 s?

    Note: y is positive
    v1 = (9.8)(1)
    = 9.8 m/s DOWNWARD!
    v = gt
    v2 = (9.8)(2)
    = 19.6 m/s y = (½) gt2
    a = g = 9.8 m/s2
    v3 = (9.8)(3)
    = 29.4 m/s
    Example 2-11: Thrown Down From a Tower
    A ball is thrown downward with an initial velocity
    of v0 = 3 m/s, instead of being dropped. What are
    it’s position & speed after t1 = 1 s & t2 = 2 s?
    Compare with the dropped ball.

    y1, v1
    Note: y is positive
    DOWNWARD!
    y2, v2 v = v0 + gt
    y = v0t + (½)gt2
    y3, v3 a = g = 9.8 m/s2
    v = 0 here, but a = - g! Examples 2-12, 2-14, 2-15
    A person throws a ball upward into the air with
    an initial velocity of v0 = 15.0 m/s. Calculate
    Time to top
    = ½ round
    a. The time to reach the maximum height.
    trip time b. The maximum height.
    c. The time to come back to the hand.
    d. The velocity when it returns to the hand.

     vC = - v0
    Note: y is positive UPWARD!
    = -15 m/s v = v0 – gt, y = v0t - (½)gt2
    v2 = (v0)2 - 2g(y - y0)
    v0 = 15 m/s 
    Example: Not a bad throw for a rookie!
    Problem: A stone is thrown at point (A) from
    the top of a building with an initial velocity of v0
    = 19.2 m/s straight upward. The building is H =
    49.8 m high, and the stone just misses the edge of
    the roof on its way down, as in the figure.
    Answer these questions:

    a) Calculate the time at which the stone


    reaches its maximum height.
    b) Calculate the maximum height of the stone
    above the rooftop.
    c) Calculate the time at which the stone returns to
    the level of the thrower
    d) Calculate the velocity of the stone at this instant.

    e) Calculate the velocity & position of the stone


    at time t = 5 s
    Example: Ball Thrown Up at the Edge of a Cliff

    A ball is thrown up at speed 15.0 m/s by a


    person on the edge of a cliff. The ball can
    fall to the base of the cliff 50.0 m below.
    Ignore air resistance. Calculate:
    a. The time it takes the ball to reach the
    base of the cliff.
    b. The total distance traveled by the ball.

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