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    Folds & Faults

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    Donne Crislee Vicera
    Folding occurs when the Earth's crust bends under compression, forming upward folds called anticlines and downward folds called synclines. Folding results from horizontal compression of rock layers along plate boundaries. The main parts of a fold are the anticlines, synclines, and limbs. Anticlines generally form fold mountains while synclines form valleys. There are two main fold mountain systems - old Caledonian mountains formed 400 million years ago, and younger Circum-Pacific mountains formed in the last 100 million years. Faulting occurs when the crust cracks under tension or compression, causing rock layers to slip past each other along a fracture.

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    Folds & Faults

    Uploaded by

    Donne Crislee Vicera
    104 views20 pages
    Folding occurs when the Earth's crust bends under compression, forming upward folds called anticlines and downward folds called synclines. Folding results from horizontal compression of rock layers along plate boundaries. The main parts of a fold are the anticlines, synclines, and limbs. Anticlines generally form fold mountains while synclines form valleys. There are two main fold mountain systems - old Caledonian mountains formed 400 million years ago, and younger Circum-Pacific mountains formed in the last 100 million years. Faulting occurs when the crust cracks under tension or compression, causing rock layers to slip past each other along a fracture.

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    Folding occurs when the Earth's crust bends under compression, forming upward folds called anticlines and downward folds called synclines. Folding results from horizontal compression of rock layers along plate boundaries. The main parts of a fold are the anticlines, synclines, and limbs. Anticlines generally form fold mountains while synclines form valleys. There are two main fold mountain systems - old Caledonian mountains formed 400 million years ago, and younger Circum-Pacific mountains formed in the last 100 million years. Faulting occurs when the crust cracks under tension or compression, causing rock layers to slip past each other along a fracture.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    104 views20 pages

    Folds & Faults

    Uploaded by

    Donne Crislee Vicera
    Folding occurs when the Earth's crust bends under compression, forming upward folds called anticlines and downward folds called synclines. Folding results from horizontal compression of rock layers along plate boundaries. The main parts of a fold are the anticlines, synclines, and limbs. Anticlines generally form fold mountains while synclines form valleys. There are two main fold mountain systems - old Caledonian mountains formed 400 million years ago, and younger Circum-Pacific mountains formed in the last 100 million years. Faulting occurs when the crust cracks under tension or compression, causing rock layers to slip past each other along a fracture.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    Folding & Faulting

    Folding
     When Earth’s crust bends, folds occur
     Folding occurs under compression
    when forces act towards each other,
    such as when plates collide.
    Folding & Faulting
    Definitions
     Compression
     Is a process of forcing something into smaller
    compass, reducing it in volume by pressing it
    together
     Tension
     Is a pulling force, tending to stretch, to
    cause an extension of a body or to restore
    the shape of an extended elastic object
    A fold is a bend in the rock strata.
    Folding: Is a type of earth movement resulting from the
    horizontal compression of rock layers by internal forces of
    the earth along plate boundaries.
    The downfolds
    are termed
    synclines

    A upfold are termed


    as anticlines
    Folding & Faulting

    Parts of a fold :
     layers of rocks of continental crust bent in
    upfolds called anticlines & downfolds called
    synclines.
     2 sides of a fold are called the limbs.
     Generally, anticlines form fold mountains &
    synclines form valleys
    Folding & Faulting
    There are 2 main fold mountains systems in the world:
    Old and young fold mountains, based on their
    geological age.

    A) The old Caledonian fold mountains (formed 400


    million years ago)

    B) The Circum-Pacific Region surrounding the pacific


    ocean (formed within the last 100 million years)
    Folding & Faulting
    Folding & Faulting

     amount of folding depends on force


    used by movement of the plates.
     When folding is very complex, there is
    little relationship between anticlines &
    mountains & between synclines &
    valleys.
    Anticline in Utah
    Syncline
    Syncline
    Folding
    Folding & Faulting
    Faulting

    Faulting occurs when Earth’s crust


    cracks:
    1. under tension ( when forces are acting opposite
    each other ) causing layers of rocks to stretch &
    crack ; a normal fault develops & one block
    moves down relative to other block in direction of
    fault to form an escarpment
    The process by
    which rocks
    break and move
    or are displaced
    along a fracture
    Folding & Faulting
    Types of faults
    http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/home.html

    About Geography
    Animated graphics on different types of faults
    Folding & Faulting

    Block Mountain or horst

     block that is raised between 2 parallel faults forms a


    block mountain or horst if the surface is horizontal or
    tilted plateau if block mountain is tilted eg : Deccan
    Plateau in India.
     A horst can also be formed by sinking of blocks on
    either side of parallel faults, leaving central block
    standing high as mountain
    Folding & Faulting

    Rift valley or Graben

     is formed when block between 2 parallel faults sinks


    or when block on either side of 2 parallel faults are
    thrust up over central block .
     Egs are the Rhine Rift Valley (between the Black
    Forest of Germany & the Vosges of France) & the
    East African Rift Valley.

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