Submitted by:

1. Aastha Trivedi
2. Aman Srivastava
3. Aniket Srivastava
4. Ansh Bishnoi
5. Anshuman Verma
6. Ashlesha
Submitted to: 7. Chetna Bhanwal
Ar. Anjali Kwatra 8. Mudit Gaur
CONTENT:
INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES

CONCEPT

FEATURES

PLANNING

LAYOUT

APPLICATIONS

INNOVATIONS

FAILURES

CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
RADBURN’S PLANNING
by: Clarance Stein &
Henry Wright

1929 Radburn Created

25000 People

149 Acres

430 Single Houses

90 Row Houses

54 Semi Attached Houses

Factors that influenced
93 Apartment Units • Rapid Industrialization after World War I
• Migration of Rural to Cities
• Dramatic Growth of Cities
• Housing Cities
• The need to provide housing and protect from
motorized traffic
 INTRODUCTION
• Radburn is located within the borough of fair lawn,
Bergen county, new jersey 12 miles from new York city
• Radburn is a planned community started in 1929 by the
city housing corporation from the plans developed by
Clarence Stein and Henry Wright and landscape architect
Marjorie Sewell Cautley.
• The city housing corporation acquired a vacant land in
new jersey that was easily commutable from New York
city
• The industrialization of the united states after world war I
led to a dramatic growth of cities and shift of population
• Population shift led to severe shortage of housing and
Radburn development emerged as a solution to the
problem
• The intent was to built a community which made
provisions for the complexities of modern life while still
providing open spaces and being economically viable
• The community was intended to be a self sufficient entity
with residential, Commercial and industrial areas each
supplementing the needs of others
• It is America's first garden community serving as a
worldwide example of the harmonious blending of
private area and open spaces.
 INTRODUCTION
• The total area of the city is 139
acres with 23 acres as interior
parks and four tennis courts,
three baseball fields,
two softball fields, two
swimming pools, and
an archery plaza. Young children
and their parents can make use
of two toddler playgroup areas,
two playgrounds, and a toddler
bathing pool.
• It includes 430 single family homes, 90 row houses, 54 semi attached houses and 93 apartment
units along with shopping centres ,open spaces and other amenities.
• One of the principles that is applied is maximum radius for walking distance from the home to the
community should be 400m at most.
• Shopping areas are situated at the intersecting traffic streets on the outside corners rather than the
centre unit
• The main concept behind the layout of community was cul-de-sac grouping i.e. Cluster grouping
and separation of vehicular and pedestrian movements.
• There are extensive range of recreational activities planned for entire community like tot lots,
preschools, sports, aerobics, amateur dramatics, library, clubroom etc.
 OBJECTIVES
• To promote environmental
consideration by conserving open
space, arrange buildings and grounds
as to give sunlight, air and a tolerable
outlook to even the smallest and
cheapest house.
• Providing self-contained settlement
i.e., providing playgrounds, schools,
theaters, public buildings, stores and
religious buildings all together.
• Putting factories and other industrial
buildings where they can be used
without wasteful transportation of
goods and people.
• Develop collectively services as will
add to the comfort of the individual, at
lower cost than is possible under
individual operation.
• Arrange for the occupancy of houses
on a fair basis of cost and services,
including the cost of what needs to be
done in organizing, building and
maintaining the community.
• To make the place of man’s habitation
and industry and to fit the health
requirements of his daily life in same
area.
 CONCEPT
• SEPARATION of pedestrian and
vehicular movement.

• SUPER BLOCK - large block

surround by main roads.

• CUL-DE-CAS - houses grouped

around small cul-de-cas and each
house accessed from main road.

• Living Room, Bedroom faced garden

and parks, service areas to ACCESS
ROADS.

• Remaining Lands – PARKS AREAS.

• WALKWAYS - designed such that

pedestrians can reach social places
without crossing automobile street.
 PLANNING EMERGENCE OF
RADBURN PLANNING

• Inspired by the garden city idea, the city

housing corporation of New York acquired a
vacant site in new jersey within commuting
distance of New York city for the
community of Radburn.

• The industrialization of the United States

after World War I led to a dramatic growth
of the cities during the 1920's.

• Population shift led to a severe housing

shortage.

• In answer to the needs of "modern society",

Radburn, the "Town for the Motor Age" was
created in 1929.

• It has 25000 people, 149 acres area, 430

single houses, 90 row houses, 54 semi
attached houses, 93 apartment units. A diagram showing the street network structure of Radburn and its
nested hierarchy. Separate pedestrian paths run through the green
• Its planners were, Clarence Stein and Henry spaces between the culs-de-sac and through the central green spine
(The shaded area was not built)
Wright.
 PLANNING RADBURN PLANNING
CRITERIA
Henry Wright's "Six Planks for a Housing Platform
1. Plan simply, but comprehensively. Don't stop at the
individual property line. Adjust paving, sidewalks,
sewers and the like to the particular needs of the
property dealt with - not to a conventional pattern.
2. Arrange buildings and grounds so as to give sunlight,
air and a tolerable outlook to even the smallest and
cheapest house.
3. Provide ample sites in the right places for community
use: i.e., playgrounds, school gardens, schools,
theatres, churches, public buildings and stores.
Put factories and other industrial buildings where they
can be used without wasteful transportation of goods
or people.
4. Cars must be parked and stored, deliveries made,
waste collected - plan for such services with a District with four neighbourhoods,
showing the “Six Planks” of Henry Wright.
minimum of danger, noise and confusion.
5. Bring private and public land into relationship and 6. Arrange for the occupancy of houses on a fair basis
plan buildings and groups of buildings with relation to of cost and service, including the cost of what
each other. Develop collectively such services as will needs to be done in organizing, building and
add to the comfort of the individual, at lower cost than maintaining the community.
is possible under individual operation.
 PLANNING PLANNING OF RADBURN

• The street plan formed a pattern of rectangular

blocks divided into rectangular lots that were
usually very narrow to conserve on utility lines and
very deep to conserve on streets.

• The curvilinear design was

then revised to give some
resemblance of character to
the subdivision to subdue to
deadly monotony of parallel
streets stretching to infinity.
• When parking is desired on
each side of the street, the
right of way is between 54-
64 feet wide, pavement width
36 feet.
• It suggests parking on one side
only since the traffic lanes
should not be less than 10 feet
wide.
 PLANNING CUL-DE-SAC AND THE
LOOP STREET

• The cul-de-sac, or dead-end

street, came into use to
eliminate through traffic in a
positive manner.
• Cul-de-sac terminate in a
circular to retain their inherent
advantages, they should be
short-a maximum length of 450
feet is recommended.
• Long cul-de-sacs, induce
accelerated traffic speeds and
render access for service and
fire protection more
complicated.
• It eliminates the necessity for
the turnaround and provides
the continuous circulation that
is required by some
communities to assure no
interference with the
accessibility of fire protection
and other services.
 FEATURES
• Hierarchical transportation
systems
• Cul-de-sacs
• Footpath systems
• Underpasses
• Shopping center
• Ideal size of 30,000 people
• Homogeneity
• Large-scale development
• Clustered superblock
• Mixed-use
• Interior park
 LAYOUT
• The houses were oriented in reverse of
the conventional placement on the plot.
• Kitchens and garages faced the road,
living rooms and bedrooms turned toward
the garden.
• Pathways provided uninterrupted
pedestrian access to a continuous park
strip, which led to large common open
spaces within the center of the
superblock.
• The 2900 residents of Radburn share 23
acres of interior parks, which yield 345
square feet / person.
• The Plaza Building is only neighborhood
shopping center, and its tall clock tower
has been a neighborhood landmark since
1927.
• Radburn works as a garden city and a
wonderful example of a well designed
community because every piece is
integrated perfectly into one body.
 APPLICATIONS
• U.S.A • CHANDIGARH, INDIA
o Baldwin Hills • BRAZILIA, BRAZIL
o Los Angeles
• Several towns in RUSSIA
o Kitimat B.C
• Section of OSAKA, JAPAN
• ENGLAND • WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND
o Coventry • U.S.A.- RESTON, VIRGINIA,
o Stevenage COLUMBIA, MARYLAND
o Bracknell
o Cumbermauld

• SWEDEN
o Vallingby
o Baronbackavna Estate, Orebro
o Beskopsgaden Estate, Goteborg
 innovations
 Separation of vehicular and pedestrian
movement:
 This was accomplished by giving away
the traditional grid-iron street pattern
and replacing it with a new innovation
called superblocks.
 What is superblock?
 A superblock is a large block of land
surrounded by main roads on all its
size.
 The houses are grouped around
small cul-de-sacs each of which has
a access road coming from the
main road.
• Finally, to further maintain the separation of
pedestrian and vehicular traffic, a pedestrian
underpass and an overpass, linking the
superblocks, were provided.
• The system was so devised that a pedestrian
could start at any given point and proceed on
foot to school, stores or church without RADBURN SUPERBLOCK
crossing a street used by automobiles.
 FAILURES
• The design of Radburn believed that people
would actively use the front of the houses
facing the greenways.

• In reality, people come and "leave" from the

back of the houses and the vehicles, not
pedestrian access

• More people and children walking and

playing in the little driveways and cul-de-sacs
than on the actual greenways.

•Second, the market has repeatedly shown that

homeowners prefer more personal land around
their homes to living on tiny lots and sharing a
large green space in common.

•The Depression pushed the builder, City

Housing Corporation, into bankruptcy.
CONCLUSION
• Compared to contemporary
developments the Radburn
plan is more safer, orderly,
convenient, spacious and
peaceful.

• Many developers have used

one or more aspects of
Radburn plan and its
implementations in their
own suburbs.

• From a socialist point of

view, Radburn is not only
an ideally planned place to
live, but it establishes a real
mode or plan of living.

• Radburn idea is now

suburban model of choice.